Typecraft v2.5
Jump to: navigation, search

Difference between revisions of "Object Relations in Haya"

Line 23: Line 23:
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
 +
<br>
 +
===Summary===
 +
In this article,the authors try to establish the grammatical relations of subject,(indirect)object and oblique in example (1),(2) and (3).
 +
(1) illustrates that an oblique object in Haya is preceded by a preposition though not always.
 +
However,there are instances in which a verb takes two nominal complements without including a preposition. see example (2)and (3).
 +
 +
<br>
 +
(4)and(5) explains the same process of excluding prepositions between the indirect object and the oblique but the difference is that have the applicative marker which marks the eminence of the recipient or beneficiary.
 +
 +
<br>
 +
 +
(6)shows thatthe possesor is not afffected by the action of the verb.And in (7) two sucessive nouns illustrate that the possesor is affected by the action of the verb.
 +
.The nouns in (2) can be placed in either order (8)
 +
.Either banana or child can be passivised see (9) (10) and (11)
 +
.The two nouns can appear as pronouns in the OM clitic position.
 +
 +
<br>
 +
 +
.in (12) (13) and (14) cliticalization is also possible for sentences with applicatives
 +
. In (15) arm can not appear after the verb with child and in 16 child can subectivise but arm can not.
 +
.Child can cliticise but arm can not. (see;17)
 +
.the passive agent in (18) can not cliticalize in (19)
 +
.woman and arm can not cliticalize in 22 that is the passive agent and the possesed body part
  
 
{|class = "wikitable"
 
{|class = "wikitable"

Revision as of 04:02, 23 May 2012

Object Relations in Haya  
Author(s) Larry M. Hyman and Alessandro Duranti
Editor(s) P.Hopper & S. Thompson
Publication title Studies in Transitivity
Journal Syntax and Semantics
Publisher New York:Academic Press
Pages pp.217-239
Volume 15
Annotator Daphine



General Information

This article belongs to the TC Category Interlinear Glossed Text from Linguistic Research.

In this category we collect TCwiki pages that feature Interlinear Glossed Text (IGT) from linguistic publications.

IGT are normally demarcated through indenting, numbering and a space above and under the example. One line of text is followed by one line of glosses and a line with free translation completes the pattern. IGTs from linguistic publications are of particular interest, since they represent a unique alignment of language data and linguistic theory. Example sentences from seminal articles are not rarely quoted in linguistic publications for decades which is another good reason why they need our attention.

In an effort to make IGT more accessible to linguistic research, we try to extract original IGT from linguistic publications and in same cases we provide additional linguistic glosses through a subsequent layer of annotation using the TypeCraft Glosser. In this way we hope to contribute to the re-usability of this data.

On each of the our pages that feature IGT from secondary sources, we also provide a short annotated bibliography, sometimes combined with a list of key-terms which can help to gain a perspective on the research questions raised in the original article. The 'Infobox' may contain further information about the linguistic framework used in the original article, as well as additional classifications of the phenomena treated, whenever that is possible.

Keywords

  • prepositions
  • word order
  • passivisation
  • cliticalization
  • applicatives



Summary

In this article,the authors try to establish the grammatical relations of subject,(indirect)object and oblique in example (1),(2) and (3). (1) illustrates that an oblique object in Haya is preceded by a preposition though not always. However,there are instances in which a verb takes two nominal complements without including a preposition. see example (2)and (3).


(4)and(5) explains the same process of excluding prepositions between the indirect object and the oblique but the difference is that have the applicative marker which marks the eminence of the recipient or beneficiary.


(6)shows thatthe possesor is not afffected by the action of the verb.And in (7) two sucessive nouns illustrate that the possesor is affected by the action of the verb. .The nouns in (2) can be placed in either order (8) .Either banana or child can be passivised see (9) (10) and (11) .The two nouns can appear as pronouns in the OM clitic position.


.in (12) (13) and (14) cliticalization is also possible for sentences with applicatives . In (15) arm can not appear after the verb with child and in 16 child can subectivise but arm can not. .Child can cliticise but arm can not. (see;17) .the passive agent in (18) can not cliticalize in (19) .woman and arm can not cliticalize in 22 that is the passive agent and the possesed body part

Interlinear Glossed Texts
PREPOSITION(n')

(1)kat' á-ka-téél' ómwáána n'énkoni.

  kato he-p3-beat child with stick

'kato beat the child with a stick'.(P3=before yesterday past)

NO PREPOSITION

(2) A-ka-h' ómwáán' 'ébitooke.

  he-P3-give child bananas.

'He gave the child bananas.


(3)A-ka-siig'ómwáán'ámajûta.

  he-P3-smear child oil.

'He smeared the child with oil'or 'He smeared oil on the child'.

APPLICATIVE(word order,passiveand cliticalization)

(4)A-ka-túm-il ómwáán'ebitooke.

 He-p3-send-app child bananas.

He sent the child bananas.


(5)A-ka-cumb-il ómwáán'ebitooke.

 he-p3-cook-app child bananas.

'He cooked the child bananas'


REPRESENTATION OF POSSESOR OR'AFFECTED' BY A VERB

(6)?A-ka-hénd omukono gw' ómwááná.

   he-p3-break arm of child.

'He broke the child's arm'.


(7)A-ka-hénd ómwáán'omukono.

 He-P3-break  child   arm.

'He broke the child's arm'.

(15)*N-ka-hénd'ómukón'ómwáana.

   I-P3-break arm child.

(16)Omwáán'a-ka-hénd-w'ómukôno.

   child  he-P3-break pass arm.

'The child's arm was broken'.

(lit.,the child was broken the arm)

(b)*Omukóno gú-ka-hénd-w'ómwáana.

   arm      it-P3-break-pass child.

Lit.,the arm was broken the child.

(17)a N-ka-mu-hénd'ómukôno.

     I-P3-him break arm.

'I broke his arm'

(Lit.,'I broke him the arm')

(b)*N-ka-gu-hénd'ómwáana.

   I-p3-it-break child.

Lit.,'I broke it the child.'

(21)Omwáán' a-ka-hénd-w' ómukázy ómukôno.

  child   he-P3-break-pass woman arm.

Lit.,'The child was broken the arm by the woman'.

(22)a*Omwáán' a-ka-mu-hénd-w' ómukôno.

     child  he-P3-her-break-pass arm.

Lit.,'the child was broken the arm by her'.

(b)*Omwáán' a-ka-gu-hénd-w' ómukázi.

    child  he-P3-it-break-pass woman.

Lit.,'the child was broken it by the woman'.

PASSIVE

(8)A-ka-h ébitook ómwááná.

 he-p3-give bananas child.

'He gave bananas to the child'.


9(a)ómwáán a-ka-háá-bw' ébitooke.

  child he-p3-give-pass bananas

'The child was given bananas'.


9(b)Ebitooke bi-ka-haa-bw ómwáaná.

  bananas they-p3-give-pass child

'The bananas were given to the child'.

(18)Ebitooke bi-ka-cumb-w ómukâzi.

   bananas they-P3-cook-pass woman.

'The bananas were cooked by the woman'.

PASSIVE AGENT CAN NOT CLITICISE AS A PRONOUN

(19)*Ebitooke bi-ka-mú-cumb-w-a.

  bananas  they-P3-her-cook-pass.

'The bananas were cooked by her'.

(12)A-ka-cumb-il'ébitook'ómwáaná.
  he-P3cook-app bananas child.

'He cooked the bananas for the child.


(13)a Omwáán'a-ka-cumb-il-w' ébitooke.

   child  he-P3-cook-app-pass bananas.

'The child was cooked bananas'


(b)Ebitooke bi-ka-cumb-il-w' ómwáana.

  bananas they-P3-cook-app-pass child.

'The bananas were cooked for the child'.

(14)a A-ka-mú-cumb-il'ébitooke.

   he-P3-him-app bananas.

'he cooked bananas for him'.

(b)A-ka-bi-cumb-il-ómwáana.

  he-P3-them cook-app-child.

'He cooked them for the child.'

(20)Omwáán'a-ka-cumb-il-w'ómukazy'ébitooke.

   child he-P3-cook-app-pass woman bananas.

Lit.,'The child was cooked bananas by the woman'.

CLITICALIZATION

10(a)A-ka-mú-h'ébitooke.

   he-p3-him-give bananas.

'He gave him bananas'


. (b)A-ka-bi-h'ómwáaná.

 he-P3-them-give child.

'He gave them to the child'.


(11)Ak-ka-bi-mú-h-a.

   he-P3-them-him-give

'He gave them to him'.