View source for Applying a Construction labeling code to Edo

By 

[[User:Ota Ogie|Ota Ogie]]

{{TCedit}}

Researcher affiliated with the Department of Language and Communication Studies. 

NTNU -
e-mail:ota.ogie@hf.ntnu.no

(alternatively you can use the TC-internal e-mail to contact me)



Language documentation is important as a tool for preservation of endangered languages and making data available to speakers and researchers of a language. An annotation scheme for verbal constructions shown in this article has been developed in (Hellan and Dakubu 2010), a monograph consisting of the following three parts: [[Media: ‎1_Introlabels_SLAVOB-final.pdf|The system ]], [[Media:‎ 2_Ga_appendix_SLAVOB-final.pdf|Ga Appendix ]], [[Media: ‎3_Norwegian_Appendix_plus_3_SLAVOB-final.pdf|Norwegian Appendix ]].

I show below how syntactic, semantic and  morphological properties of multi-verb constructions in Èdó (Benue-Congo) can be represented using the scheme. The scheme is extended to multi-verb constructions in the following languages of the Niger-Congo: Igbo and Yoruba (Benue-Congo), Gurenne (Oti-volta), Ga, Baule, Akan and Ewe (Kwa)(Ogie 2010) : 

1. Èdó

Construction label template:

'''sv-v1objIDv2su'''  - ''v1tr-v1suAg-v1obAff-v2-int-v2suAff'' -CAUSE_RESULT
<phrase>2433</phrase>


The construction label template accompanying example 1 (Hellan and Dakubu op. cit.) has the following structure: Area 1 (in bold font for ease of exposition) gives the global labels, the number of verbs in series ''(ie sv, sv3, sv4 )'' as well as argument sharing information and information about thematic relations holding across the verb in series. In the example above ''sv'' states that the construction is of type serial verb with 2 verbs, Area 2 (in italics font for ease of exposition) gives the valence information as well as information about grammatical function and thematic roles. This is exemplified by ''v1objIDv2su-v1tr-v1suAg_v1obAff-v2-int-v2obAff'' in the example above. Here the object of v1 shares reference (ID) with the subject of v2 ''v1objIDv2su''. Also v1 is transitive and its subject has an agent thematic role and the object an Affected role  ''v1tr-v1suAg-v1obAff''  while v2 is intransitive with a subject having an Affected role  ''v2-int-v2suAff''.  Information about the situation type of the construction is provided by Area 3 and this is exemplified by  ''CAUSE_RESULT'' in the above example. Area 3 is written in capital letters.

In examples where there is token identity between arguments of the verbs in series, thematic relations are represented only in area 1. Area 2 then gives information about valence, arguments that do not share thematic roles and arguments that are not shared. For example, in the consequential svc in the Èdó example below, the template reads as follows:
Area 1:''sv_suObID_suAg''. The serial verb construction consists of two verbs in series and the verbs in series share reference across arguments. The subject argument is token identified and has an agent theta role.
Area 2:''v1tr-v1obThincrem-v2tr-v2obAff''. V1 is transitive and has an incremental theme object. V2 is also transitive with an object bearing an affected theta role.
Area 3: The situation type is a TRANSFER relation. 

Information about Tense Aspect, Mood and Negation is also provided by area 1 in the construction labels. Sharing of these features across verbs in series is represented as with sharing of arguments. For example in the Akan example (example 2) on covert reference subject sharing in the clause chaining serial construction below , area 1 gives the following information ''sv_suAspID_suAg_aspCompl''. It states that the construction is a serial verb construction with the verbs in series sharing subject and aspect values. The subject has an agent thematic role and the verbs in series have completive aspect.

2. Akan
Construction labels: '''sv_suAspID_suAg_aspCompl'''-''v1tr-v1obAff-v2intr''-CAUSE_RESULT 

<Phrase>9405</Phrase> 

With respect to the global labels in area 1, Hellan and Dakubu 2010 uses the global label ''ev'' to represent Extended Verb Complexes and the label ''pv'' for preverbs in EVCs. In addition, to the labelling conventions used by Hellan and Dakubu 2009 for SVCs (''sv'') and EVCs (''ev, pv'') , the following global labels are introduced to account for the range of multi-verb constructions in Èdó. The background assumptions remains the same (see [[Annotating Edo]] Hellan and Ogie 2010, Hellan 2008 and Hellan and Dakubu 2010 and [[In-depth annotation of multi-verb constructions in Èdó]]) for discussion on the labelling conventions): 

'''Global labels'''

cc – covert co-ordination

mvc- multi-verb construction

mc- modifier construction

Examples 3- 5 exemplify these constructions:

3. Covert co-ordination
  
ccSuIDALLsuAg-v1tr-v1obAff-v2tr-v2obThincrem-EVENTSEQ

<Phrase>2250</Phrase>


4. mvc- V+infinitival multi-verb construction

'''mvcSuIDALLsuAg'''''-v2tr-v2obThincrem''-EVENTOVERLAP 

<Phrase>2253</Phrase>


5. V+modifier construction: V+modifier construction (V2 is reanalyzed as adverb)
 
'''mc-suAg'''-ACHVMNT-MOTION_DIRECTED

 <Phrase>2437</Phrase>

[[References for research on  Èdó language by Ota Ogie]]