Typological Features Template for kulango
By Kra Enoc
| Feature | Description |
| Phonological Features | kulango have seven (7) vowels phonemes and nineteen (19) consonants phonemes |
| Vowel inventory | The vowels of kulango are ɩ e ɛ a ɔ o ɷ u |
| Vowel harmony | In kulango, vowels harmony rule based on +/- ATR: +ATR: e a ɔ o u ; -ATR: ɩ ɛ a ɔ ɷ |
| Consonant inventory | The consonants of kulango are p b t d c ɟ kp gb k g h s z f v j l r w |
| Tone | kulango language got two phonetics tones (H: High and L: Low) without lexical opposition. |
| Syllable Structure | The basic syllable structures of kulango is CV |
| Morpho-syntactic Features | The basic morpho-syntactic parameters of kulango: N+DEF = N+DEF; N+ADJ |
| morphological classification (1) | koulango may be classify as an isolating language. Lexeme does not change with TAM. |
| morphological classification (2) | Linguists have distinguished between head- and dependent-marking languages. Semitic languages are head marking languages; it is the head of the noun phrases that needs to have a special form when followed by a dependent noun; in the Germanic languages it is the head of the verb phrase that expresses person-number features of its subject. Grammatical dependencies on the other hand are in some of the Germanic languages expressed on the dependent noun phrases in form of case. [Your language] might be both, head- and dependent-marking, depending on the category of speech and or the type of feature expressed. This is what you can describe in this field. |
| Nominal Phrases | In kulango Nominal Phrase structures are: N + ADJ; N + DET and also POSS + N |
| syntactic structure | The linear order of elements in the noun phrase: N+DET |
| nominal modification | The basic types of nominal modification are adjectives, relative clauses, postpositions. |
| nominal specification | Determiners: +animate SG (nɩ); PL (bɛrɛ) –animate SG (rɛ); PL (wɩrɩ~)
Demonstratives: mɷɷ~ (m) Numerals: taa `1`; bɩla; `2`; saa~bɩ `3`; na~ `4`; tɔ `5`; tɔrɔtaa `6`; torofiriɲu~ `7`; tɔrɔfɩrɩsaa~ `8`; tɔrɔfɩrɩna~ `9`; nu~nu `10`; jiplo `20` Quantifiers: pɛɛ `all`; pooko `lot of` |
| possession | In kulango possession is expressed by using morphemes. They position before the noun. There are: mɩ~ `my`; ɷ `your`; bɔ `his/her`; bɩ `our`; ɩ~ `your`; bɔ `their`. |
| pronominal system | In this field you indicate if [your language] has free pronoun forms? Are pronouns marked for their grammatical function (object versus subject pronouns)? Does your language have bound pronouns (affixes) or pronoun doubling? Are reflexives expressed by pronouns? |
| Verbal Phrases | In the following fields serve for the description of some of the basic morpho-syntactic properties of verbal constituents |
| word order | The basic word order of kulango is: |
| TAM | In this field you indicate which tense and/or aspects are morphologically or tonally marked; does [your language] make use of periphrastic tense or aspect constructions? |
| infinitival forms | In this field you indicate if kulango makes use of an infinitive marker? How many infinitival forms does your language have? |
| verbal constructions | In this field you indicate if kulango has ditransitive constructions, serial verb constructions or complex verb forms composed of several verbs. Does your language have so called light verbs, perhaps only used to indicate a certain tense or aspect? |
| Adpositions | In this field you indicate if [your language[ makes use of prepositions or postpositions. Does your language have spatial nouns? Does your language use adpositions or particles to indicate grammatical relations between the verb and a nominal argument? |
| Complementation | In this field you describe complementation strategies. Does [your language] make use of complementizers? |
| Special Properties of kulango | In this field you should mention properties of [your language] which did not fit into any of the other categories mentioned in this template |