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One of the difficult issues when annotation Akan is to decide how to annotate the two verbs bɛ and kɔ. Both verbs occur as independent verbs, meaning come and go respectively and as verbal prefixes adding aspectual information. Kɔ may in addition occur in connection with a noun denoting a place or a location. In the latter case it seems to express directionality.
TypeCraft hosts at present 37 sentences from Akan and Abron (Bono), one of the dialects of Akan, that contain kɔ; either as an independent verb or as a verbal prefix. You can easily verify this by going to Search for Phrases where you enter kɔ in the field: 'Extract morpheme' under the heading Morpheme Level.
Sentence (1) and (2) exemplify the use of kɔ as in independent verb meaning go.
(1)
(2)
ɔkɔ asɔre
“S/he goes to church”
Kofi bùé pono he bɔkɔɔ kɔyε a biara ante.
“Kofi opened the door gently and left without no one noticing.”
Nkansa atu akɔtena Ahafo sε nhwεsoni.
“Nkansa has travelled to live Ahafo as a caretaker.”
| akɔtena |
| a | kɔ | tena |
| CONS | DIR | sit |
| V |
| nhwεsoni |
| n | hwεson | ni |
| Npref | takingCare | SGNMLZAGT |
| N |
Ampofo bεkra me dasuom sε ɔrekɔ Nkran aba.
“Ampofo came and told me that he was going to Accra and come.”
| bεkra |
| bε | kra |
| INGR | giveMessage |
| V |
Papa he yere resi n’akokɔafuom.
“The man's wife is washing his farm clothing.”
| n’akokɔafuom |
| n’ | a | kokɔafuom |
| 3SGPOSS | Npref | farmClothing |
| N |
Nnipa bebree suro sε bεbεkɔ afunsieε anadwo.
“Many people fear to go to the cemetery in the night.”
| bεbεkɔ |
| bε | bε | kɔ |
| 3PLSBJ | DIR | go |
| V |
| afunsieε |
| a | fun | sie | ε |
| Npref | corpse | hide | LOC |
| N |
Me papa yε dwadini a ɔde bɔɔfrε kɔ amanoɔne.
“My father is a businessman who exports pawpaws.”
| dwadini |
| dwa | di | ni |
| market | eat | NMLZ |
| N |
| amanoɔne |
| amanoɔne |
| abroad |
| N |
Mmrahyεbεdwani he de nkondwa akɔma asɔre he.
“The member for parliment has donated chairs to the church.”
| Mmrahyεbεdwani |
| mmra | hyε | bεdwa | ni |
| law | make | council | NMLZ |
| N |
Me nam w’adwuma mu kɔ sukuu
“I walk through your work to school”
| w’adwuma |
| w' | adwuma |
| POSS2SG | work |
| N |
Kwame de car no apie kɔ asɔre
“Kwame has gone out with the car to church”
Yaw fii Accra kɔɔ Kumasi
“Yaw left Accra and went to Kumasi”
| Kumasi |
| kumasi |
| KumasiOBJ |
| Np |
Bɛɛkɔhwe aburaa no.
“They are going to drain the stream.”
| bɛɛkɔhwe |
| bɛ | ɛ | kɔ | hwe |
| theySBJ | PROG | go | drain |
| V |
Ama maa kofi kɔɔ fie.
“Ama made (caused...to) Kofi go home.”
Amankwaa kɔe.
“Amankwaa left.”
Monkɔ nkɔkyeakyea.
“Go and greet them.”
| nkɔkyeakyea |
| n | kɔ | kyea | kyea |
| OPT | INGR | greet | greet |
| V |
Boakye rekɔgye aba abεdi.
“Boakye is going to collect it, come back and eat it.”
| rekɔgye |
| re | kɔ | gye |
| PROG | INGR | collect |
| V |
Yεεkɔgye yaba yabεdi.
“We are going to collect it, come back and eat it.”
| Yεεkɔgye |
| yε | ε | kɔ | gye |
| 1PLSBJ | PROG | INGR | collect |
| V |
| yaba |
| y | a | ba |
| 3PLSBJ | CONS | come |
| V |
| yabεdi |
| y | a | bε | di |
| 1PLSBJ | CONS | INGR | eat |
| V |
Ama tɔɔ ankaa kɔe.
“Ama bought oranges and left”
Me wɔfa de sikan no kɔ afuom.
“My uncle has gone to the farm with the cutlass.”
| afuom |
| afuo | m |
| farmOBJ | inLOC |
| N |
Mɛkɔ maba.
“I will go and come.”
Kɔ bra.
“(You) go but return”
ɔnkɔ fie.
“S/he should go home”
Ma no nkɔ.
“Let him/her go”
ɔrokɔ ahenfie
“He is going to the palace”