Difference between revisions of "Valence Profile English"
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v-intrPresnt-suNrg_presntREL│presThsit there comes a time when nothing works | v-intrPresnt-suNrg_presntREL│presThsit there comes a time when nothing works | ||
v-intrPrtcl│suAg│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY Jack keeps on | v-intrPrtcl│suAg│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY Jack keeps on | ||
| − | v-intrPrtcl│suTh│SUSTAINEDPHENOM | + | v-intrPrtcl│suTh│SUSTAINEDPHENOM the rain keeps on |
v-intrPrtclGer│suAg│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY Jack kept on running | v-intrPrtclGer│suAg│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY Jack kept on running | ||
v-intrPrtclObl│suAg_obl│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY Jack kept on with his running | v-intrPrtclObl│suAg_obl│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY Jack kept on with his running | ||
| − | v-intrScpr-scAdj│suThmover│EXHIBPROPTY | + | v-intrScpr-scAdj│suThmover│EXHIBPROPTY the water runs clear (formerly it didn’t) |
v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scAdj│EXHIBPROPTY the boy seems sick | v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scAdj│EXHIBPROPTY the boy seems sick | ||
v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scInf he seems to believe it | v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scInf he seems to believe it | ||
| Line 88: | Line 88: | ||
v-intrPrtclScpr-scSuNrg_scAdj│EXHIBPROPTY the boy ended up sick | v-intrPrtclScpr-scSuNrg_scAdj│EXHIBPROPTY the boy ended up sick | ||
v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scPredprtcl│EXHIBPROPTY the boy sounds like a parrot | v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scPredprtcl│EXHIBPROPTY the boy sounds like a parrot | ||
| − | v-intrObl│suAg_oblTrg│COMPARISON | + | v-intrObl│suAg_oblTrg│COMPARISON the boy runs like a donkey |
v-intrWH│PHENOM a time comes when nothing works | v-intrWH│PHENOM a time comes when nothing works | ||
v-intrAuxmodComp-compEqBareinf│suAg_compThsit Jane can paddle | v-intrAuxmodComp-compEqBareinf│suAg_compThsit Jane can paddle | ||
Revision as of 08:18, 13 March 2015
LIST OF ENGLISH VERB CONSTRUCTION TYPES
Mary Esther Kropp Dakubu and Lars Hellan
This list is built on the Norwegian list included in SLAVOB 6.3
Intransitive
TEMPLATE NOTATION ENGLISH EXAMPLE
v-intr│suAg│ACTIVITY the boy jumps v-intr│suAg│SEMELFACTIVE the boy jumps v-intr│suAg│COMPLETEDMONODEVMNT Jack ate v-intr│suSens│PROTR-SENSATION the boy listens v-intr│suTh│PROCESS the ice melts v-intr│suTh│SUSTAINEDPHENOM the rain continued v-intr│suThmover│MOTION the ball rolls v-intr-suAbsGer│suThsit│ASSESS getting money for political favours stinks v-intr-suNrg│PHENOM it rains v-intrAdv│suAg│ACHIEVEMENT he functions well v-intrAdv│suTh│PROPTY the machine functions well v-intrObl│suAg_oblInstr│ACTIVITY Jane wrote with a pen v-intrObl│suAg_oblTrgt│ACTIVITY Jane wrote to John v-intrObl-oblEndpt│suAgmover│MOTIONDIRECTED John walked into the room v-intrObl│suExp_oblCsr│EMOTIONCAUSED they grieved over the death v-intrObl│suTh_oblLoc│PHENOM stars appear in the heavens v-intrObl-oblEqSuGer│suAg_oblContent│ASSESS Jane believes in speaking her mind v-intrObl│suPurelyorient_oblTrgt│ORIENT the arrow points to the north v-intrObl│suPath_oblTrgt│PATHCONSTELLATION the road goes towards the north v-intrAdvPath│suLocomoevent│LOCOMODEVELOPMENT the tour goes northwards v-intrAdvPresent-suExpn│suThmover│MOTIONPRESENTED there goes the ball v-intrComp│suCog_compThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE Kathy thought I would come v-intrComp-compYN│suCog_compThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE Kathy wonders whether I will come v-intrComp-compWH│suCog_compThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE Kathy wonders who will come v-intrExlnk-ExlnkDECL it appears that he will come v-intrExpn-expnAbsinf│ASSESS it helps to sit down v-intrExpn-expnDECL_suNrg│PHENOM it happens that the earth is round v-intrExpn-expnEquat│ASSESS it looks as if he did it v-intrExpn-expnWH_suNrg it is a question who comes v-intrExpn-expnYN it is a question whether he can do it v-intrImplMotion│suPath│CROSSINGPATHS their paths crossed v-intrObRais-suNrg_obRaisInf│obThsit│EXHIBACT he appears to come v-intrObl│suAg_oblAffincrem│NONCOMPLETED_MONODEVMNT she nibbles at the apple v-intrObl│suAg_oblLoc│LOCATION she lives in London v-intrObl│suAg_oblTopic│ACTIVITY-COMMUNICATION I talk about Jane v-intrObl│suAg_oblTrgt│EMISSION he vomited on the tablecloth v-intrObl│suTh_oblLoc│INCHOATIONLOCATED a crack appears in the glass v-intrObl│suTh_oblLoc│LOCATION Boston is in Massachusetts v-intrObl│suTh_oblLoc│LOCATION the town lies in the valley v-intrObl│suTh_oblPoss│POSSESSION the book belongs to Jane v-intrObl_suWH│suThsit_oblTh│DEPEND who comes depends on you v-intrObl-suWH_oblWH│suThsit_oblTh│DEPEND who comes depends on what you do v-intrObl-suYN│suThsit_oblTh│DEPEND whether he comes depends on you v-intrObl-suYN_oblYN│suThsit_oblTh│DEPEND whether he comes depends on whether you come v-intrObl-oblAbsGer│suAg_oblContent│ACTIVITY-ABOUTNESS they talk about travelling to Mars v-intrObl-oblDeclNom│suAg_oblContent│ACTIVITY they talk about it being too late v-intrObl-oblEqSuInf│suAg_oblContent│ACTIVITY-PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE he hopes to come v-intrObl-oblInf│suAg_oblEventcont│CAUSATION we arranged for him to get a visa v-intrOblExpn-suNrg_expnYN it depends on you whether he will win v-intrOblPath│suAgmover_OblEndpt│MOTIONtoENDPT a man runs to here v-intrOblScpr-scSuNrg_scInf│oblCog_scThsit│PERCPT he seems to me to be in a good mood v-intrPrtcl-suNrg│TELIC-PHENOM it clears up v-intrScPr-scPrAdj│suSens│PROTR-EXPER the boy feels cold v-intrScPr-suBPspec_scPrAdj│suThloc│PARTWHOLEEXPER my back feels cold v-intrScPrExpn-ScPrAdj_ExpnDECL it is essential that he comes v-intrPresnt│presTh there lived a man v-intrPresntLoc│presntAg_advLoc│POSTURELOC there sits a man in the chair v-intrPresnt-suNrg_presntREL│presThsit there comes a time when nothing works v-intrPrtcl│suAg│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY Jack keeps on v-intrPrtcl│suTh│SUSTAINEDPHENOM the rain keeps on v-intrPrtclGer│suAg│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY Jack kept on running v-intrPrtclObl│suAg_obl│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY Jack kept on with his running v-intrScpr-scAdj│suThmover│EXHIBPROPTY the water runs clear (formerly it didn’t) v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scAdj│EXHIBPROPTY the boy seems sick v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scInf he seems to believe it v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scAdj│EXHIBPROPTY the boy seems sensible v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scInf│EXHIBPROPTY the boy seems to be a leader v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scPP│EXHIBPROPTY the boy seems in good shape v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scPredprtcl│EXHIBPROPTY the boy appears as a hero in the report v-intrScpr-scSuArgCsd_scAdv│suTh│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT the coffee boils away v-intrScpr-scSuNrgCsd_scAdv│INCREMRESULT the cup runs over v-intrScpr-scSuNrgCsd_scAdv│INCREMRESULT the shore eroded away v-intrScpr-scSuNrgCsd_scPP│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT the house burned to a cinder v-intrScpr-suNrg_scEquat│RESULT it looks as though he came v-intrScpr-scAdj│suTh│PROPTYDYN the house stands empty v-intrLghtScpr-scSuNrg_scPredprtcl the boy emerged as a suspect v-intrLghtScpr-scSuNrgCsd_scAdj│INCREMRESULT the company goes broke v-intrPrtclScpr-scSuNrg_scAdj│EXHIBPROPTY the boy ended up sick v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scPredprtcl│EXHIBPROPTY the boy sounds like a parrot v-intrObl│suAg_oblTrg│COMPARISON the boy runs like a donkey v-intrWH│PHENOM a time comes when nothing works v-intrAuxmodComp-compEqBareinf│suAg_compThsit Jane can paddle v-intrAuxmodScpr-suDir_scSuNrg_scAdv he must go out
Transitive
TEMPLATE NOTATION ENGLISH EXAMPLE
v-tr│suAg_oblAffincrem│MONODEVMNT she eats the apple v-tr│suAg_obAff│CONTACTFORCEFUL Jack beats John v-tr│suAg_obAffincrem│COMPLETED_MONODEVMNT Kathy ate the cake v-tr│suAgmover_obPathobj│MOTIONALONGLINE Kathy follows the path v-tr│suAgmover_obAgmover│MOTIONCROSSPATHS the boy crosses the demonstration parade v-tr│suAgmover_obEndpnt│MOTIONtoENDPT Kathy reaches the top v-tr│suAgmover_obStartpt│MOTIONDIRECTED Kathy left the room v-tr│suAg_obEjct│EJECTION Kathy throws the ball v-tr│suAg_obEjctinobj│EJECTION she shoots plastic bullets v-tr│suAg_obEventcont│ACTIVITY she sang a beautiful song v-tr│suAg_obExp│EMOTIONCAUSED Kathy frightens Jane v-tr│suAgmover_obLengthcont│MOTIONEXTENDING the boy walks two kilometers v-tr│suAg_obTh│REPRESENTING Kathy mentions Jane v-tr│suAg_obThincrem│COMPLETED_MONODEVMNT Kathy read the book v-tr│suAg_obThmover│MOTIONCAUSED Kathy sends the parcel v-tr│suAgmover_obViapnt│MOTIONviaVIAPT Kathy passes the church v-tr│suCog_obTh│COGNITION Kathy knows the answer v-tr│suComitmover_obAgmover│MOTIONPARALLEL the boy accompanies the president v-tr│suExp_obTrgt│EMOTION Jane likes horses v-tr│suOrientedline_obOrientedline│CROSSINGPATHS the stroke cuts the line v-tr│suOrientedline_obOrientedline│PARALLELPATHS the stroke follows the line v-tr│suPathobj_obEndpnt│EXTENSIONtoENDPT the path reaches the top v-tr│suPathobj_obViapnt│EXTENSIONviaVIAPT the path passes the church v-tr│suSens_obTh│SENSATION Kathy sees Jane v-tr│suPoss_obPossd│POSSESSION Jack owns a car v-tr│suTh_obBen│PENDINGSTATE an accident awaits him v-tr│suTh_obExp│EMOTIONCAUSED the book depresses Jane v-tr│suTh_obLengthcont│EXTENDING the track measures 400 meters v-tr│suTh_obSens│SENSATIONCAUSED the stone hurt Jane v-tr│suTh_obTimecont│LASTING the film lasts 5 hours v-tr│suTh_obWeightcont│WEIGHING the stone weighs 5 kg v-trImpltransf│suAg_obRec│RENDERINGinPOSITION he dressed the boy v-trImpltransfObl│suAg_obTh_oblLoc│RENDERINGinPOSITION he spilled water on the tablecloth v-trImpltransfObl-OblRefl│suAg_obTh_oblTrgt│RENDERINGinPOSITION he spilled water on himself v-trImpltransf-obRefl│suAg_obPat│RENDERINGinPOSITION he dressed himself v-tr-suGer│suEffector_obAff│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE getting money for political favours disgusts me v-tr-suAbsger│suThsit_obAff│EXPERIENCECAUSED getting money for political favours disgusts me v-tr-suAbsger│suThsit_obCog│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE building highrises interests Kathy v-tr-suGer│suThsit_obCog│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE my coming astonishes Kathy v-tr-suGer_obDECL│suThsit_obThsit│CAUSATION Jane’s coming entails that you must come v-tr-suGer_obYN│suThsit_obThsit│CAUSATION Jane’s coming determines whether you come v-tr-suWH│suThsit_obCog│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE who comes interests Kathy v-tr-suWH_obWH│suThsit_obThsit│CAUSATION who comes decides who will win v-tr-suYN│suThsit_obCog│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE whether I come interests Kathy v-tr-obAbsger│suAg_obThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE Kathy considers coming v-tr-obDECL│suAg_obEventcont│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGENTITY we arranged that he got a visa v-tr-obDECL│suCog_obThsit│COGNITION Kathy knows that I came v-tr-obDECL│suCog_obThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE I assume that he is qualified v-tr-obDECL│suSens_obThsit│SENSATION Kathy sees that Jane sleeps v-tr-obEqInf│suAg_obThsit│ACTIVITY Kathy tries to come v-tr-obRefl│suAg_obAff│AFFECTING Kathy washes herself v-trExpnSu-expnDECL│obCog_expnThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE it worries me that he hasn’t come v-trExpnSu-expnCOND│obCog_expnThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE it will not surprise me if he comes v-trExpnSu-expnEqInf│obCog_expnSuThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE it pleases me to come v-trExpnSu│obMeas_expnAbsinf││ASSESS it takes two hours to go there v-trExpnOb-expnCOND│suCog_expnThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE I will deplore it if you come v-trExpnOb-expnAbsinf│suAg_expnThsit│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGENTITY we make it impossible to come v-trNrf-obReflExpl│suAgmover│MOTION the boy raised himself v-trNrfPrt_obReflExpl│suAgmover│MOTIONDIRECTED the boy pulled himself up v-trNrfAdv-obReflExpl│suAg│ACTIVITY he behaved himself nicely v-trNrfObl-obReflExpl_oblEqSuGer│suAg_oblThsit Jane resigned herself to waiting v-trNrfPath-obReflExpl│suAgmover│MOTION he pushes himself forward v-trNrfPrtcl-obRefl│suAg│ACTIVITY Kathy messed herself up v-trNrfScpr-obReflExpl_scSuNrg_scAdj│suAg he made himself sick v-trNrfScpr-obReflExpl_scSuNrg_scAdj│suAg│INCREMENTALRESULT he shouted himself hoarse v-trObl│suAg_obTh_oblIntrloc│COMMUNICATION he told the news to Kathy v-trObl-obRefl│suAg_obTh_oblCom│ACHVMNT he allied himself with the boy v-trObl-obRefl_oblBPob│suAg_obAff_oblThloc│PARTWHOLEAFFECTING Jack scratched himself on the back v-trObl-obReflExpl_oblBPob│suAff_oblThloc│PARTWHOLEAFFECTING Jack cut himself on the knee v-trObl-oblBPob│suAg_obAff_oblThloc│PARTWHOLEAFFECTING I kicked Jack in the leg v-trObl-oblDECL│suAg_obIntrloc_oblThsit│LOCUTACT he told Jack that he had come v-trObl-oblPP│suAg_obIntrloc_oblThsit│LOCUTACT he told Jack about his coming v-trObl-oblYN│suAg_obIntrloc_oblThsit│LOCUTACT he asked Jack whether he came v-trPassinf-EqSuInf│suAg_obIntrloc_oblThsit│LOCUTACT he begged me to be allowed to come v-trObl-oblInf│suAg_obInterloc_oblThsit│LOCUTACT he begged me to go v-trObl-obRefl_oblEqSuGer│suAg_obTh_oblThsit│COMMITMENT he commits himself to coming v-trObl-oblPP│suAg_obInterloc_oblThsit│LOCUTACT we tell the children about building houses v-trOblScpr-scSuNrg_scN│oblCog_scThsit│PERCPT he seems to me an idiot v-trOblScpr-scSuNrg_scInf│oblCog_scThsit│PERCPT he seems to me to be an idiot v-trPath│suAg_obPurelyorient│ORIENT he directs the arrow to the north v-trPath│suAg_obOrientedline│LINESITUATING he draws the line to the left v-trPath│suAgmover_obLocomoevent│LOCOMOCONDUCTION they take the tour to the north v-trPath│suAgmover_obOrientedline│USINGPATH the boy will take the path toward the river v-trPath│suAgmover_obInstrmover│USINGVEHICLE the boy will take the bus to town v-trPrtcl│suExper_obTh│EXHIBATTITUDE Kathy approves of your choice v-trPrtcl│suCog_obTh│COGNITION Kathy found out the answer v-trPrtcl-obDECLcmp│suCog_obThsit│COGNITION Kathy found out that I came v-trPrtcl-obRefl│suAg_obTh│COMPLETEDACTIVITY Kathy cleaned herself up v-trPrtcl-obYN-suCog_obThsit-COGNITION Kathy found out whether they came v-trPrtcl-obWH│suCog_obThsit│COGNITION Kathy found out who came v-trScpr-scBareinf│suSens_obThsit│SENSATION I saw him run v-trScpr-obRefl_scSuNrg_scPassinf│suAg_obTrgt│PERMISSION they let themselves be seen v-trScpr-scGer│suAg_obTime_scThsit│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY we spent a week doing it v-trScpr-scObNrg_scInf│suCog_scThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE I assume him to be qualified v-trScpr-scObNrg_scGer│suSens│SENSATION I saw him running (he was running) v-trScpr-scEqSuGer│suSens_obTh│SENSATION I saw him running (I was running) v-trScpr-scObNrg_obRefl_scGer│suSens_obThsit│SENSATION he felt himself falling v-trScpr-scObNrg_scAdj│suCog│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE she considers Jack qualified v-trScpr-scObNrg_obRefl_scAdj│suCog_obThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE she considers herself qualified v-trScpr-scObNrg_scPredprtcl│suAg_obThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE they perceived him as qualified v-trScpr-scObNrg_scN│suAg_obThsit│REPRESENT she calls Jane a friend v-trScpr-scObNrg_obRefl_scN│suAg_obThsit│REPRESENT she calls herself a friend v-trScpr-scObNrg_scBareinf│suAg│PERMISSION they let the man sing v-trScpr-scObNrg_scPassInf│suAg│PERMISSION they let the song be sung v-trScpr-scObArgConcurr_scAdj│suAg_obAffincrem│CONCURRSTATE he drank the coffee cold v-trScpr-scObArgConcurr_scPP│suAg_obThvehcl│CONCURRSTATE he drove the car in good condition v-trScpr-scObArgConcurr_scPredprtcl│suAg_obThvehcl│CONCURRSTATE he drove the car as an airport limousine v-trScpr-scObArgRes_scAdj│suCsr_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGENTITY she pounded the soil flat v-trScpr-scObNrgRes_scPP│suCsr_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGENTITY she put the house into good condition v-trScpr-scObNrgRes_scPP│suCsr_scCsd│PLACEMENT she put the shoes behind the door v-trScpr-scObArgCsd_scAdv│suAg_obAff_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT he kicked the ball away v-trScpr-scObNrgCsd_scAdj│suAg_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT they drank the house dry v-trScpr-scObNrgCsd_obRefl_scAdj│suAg_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT she ran herself ragged v-trScprShft-scObArgCsd_scAdv│suAg_obAff_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT he pushed away the branches v-trScpr-obDir_obRefl_scObNrgCsd_scAdv│suAg_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT he gets himself away v-trScpr-obPossp_scObNrgCsd_scAdv│suAg_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT he sang his sorrows away v-trScprShft-obPossp_scObNrgCsd_scAdv│suAg_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT she wiped away her tears
Ditransitive
TEMPLATE NOTATION ENGLISH EXAMPLE
v-ditr│suAg_iobRec_obTh│TRANSFER I gave him the book v-ditr│suAg_iobBen_obTh│SUSTAINEDSTATE he owes her a book v-trAdv│suThsit_iobAg_advTime│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY the job took us all day v-ditr-suAbsger│suThsit_iobBen_obThabst│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT taking walks gives you strength v-ditr-suGer│suThsit_iobBen_obTh│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT his singing gives Kathy a headache v-ditr-suYN│suThsit_iobPrcvr_obTh│ASSESS whether he comes first will give us our plan of attack v-ditr-suWH│suThsit_iobPrcvr_obThʧASSESS what happens last gives us the plan of attack v-ditr-iobPP│suAg_obTh_iobRec│TRANSFER Jack supplied fruit to the store v-ditr-iobRefl│suAg_iobBen_obTh│AVAILING he gave himself time v-ditr-iobRefl│suAg_iobPermissee_obTh│PERMISSION Kathy allowed herself three cakes v-ditr-obDECL│suAg_iobIntrlctr_obThsit│COMMUNICATION Kathy tells me that he often comes v-ditr-obEqIobInf│suAg_iobPermissee_obThsit│COMMITMENT Kathy allows him to come v-ditr-obEqSuInf│suAg_iobIntrlctr_obThsit│COMMITMENT Kathy promises him to come v-ditr-obPP│suAg_iobRec_obTh│TRANSFER Jack supplied us with fruits v-ditr-obWH│suAg_iobIntrlctr_obThsit│COMMUNICATION he tells me who comes v-ditr-obYN│suAg_iobIntrlctr_obThsit│COMMUNICATION he tells me whether they come v-ditr-iobRefl_obEqIobInf│suAg_iobPermissee_obThsit│COMMITMENT Kathy allowed herself to come v-ditr-obEqIobBareinf│suAg_iobInterloc_obThsit│COMMITMENT Kathy bade him come v-ditr-obEqIobBareinf│suAg_iobPermissee_obThsit│PERMISSION Kathy let him come v-ditr-suWH_obWH│suThsit_iobPrcvr_obThsit│ASSESS who comes first does not show us who comes last v-ditr-suYN_obYN│suThsit_iobPrcvr_obThsit│ASSESS whether he smiles will show us whether they have a plan v-ditrComp-cmpDECL│suAg_iobComit_obTh│CONDITIONALTRANSFER I bet you fifty cents he won’t come v-ditrExpnSu-expnEqInf│obMeas│ASSESS it took me two hours to get there v-ditrImpltransf│suCsr_iobAff_obTh│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGENTITY the book cost me ten dollars v-ditrObl│suAg_iobRec_obTh_oblMeas│TRANSFER he sold me the car for fifty dollars v-ditrObl│suAg_iobRec_obTh_oblTrgt│TRANSFER Jack paid Jane fifty dollars for the car v-ditrObl-iobPP│suAg_obTh_iobRec_oblMeas│TRANSFER Jack sold the car to Jane for fifty dollars v-ditrObl-iobPP│suAg_obTh_iobRec_oblTrgt│TRANSFER Jack paid fifty dollars to Jane for the car
Copula
TEMPLATE NOTATION ENGLISH EXAMPLE
v-copAdj│suExper│SEMELFACTIVE Jane is startled v-copAdj│suTh│PROPTY he is kind v-copAdj-suAbsGer│suThsit│ASSESS running is healthy v-copAdj-suDECL│suThsit│ASSESS that he came at all is surprising v-copAdj-suInf│suThsit│ASSESS to err is human v-copAdj-suWH│suThsit│ASSESS who will comes is uncertain v-copAdj-suYN│suThsit│ASSESS whether he comes is uncertain v-copAdjObl-oblEqSuGer│suAg_oblActivity│HABITUALACTIVITY Jane is busy (these days) with writing v-copN│suTh│PROPTY he is a fool v-copN-suAbsger│suThsit│ASSESS seeing him was a pleasure v-copN-suDECL│suThsit│ASSESS that he came was a shock v-copN-suWH│suThsit│ASSESS who should go is the question v-copN-suYN│suThsit│ASSESS whether he will come is a question v-copPP│suTh│ASSESS the performance was beyond belief v-copPP│suTh│EXHIBACTIVITY the performance is in progress v-copPP-suDECL│suThsit│ASSESS that he came was beyond our expectations v-copPP-suWH│suThsit│ASSESS who may perform is under consideration v-copPP-suYN│suThsit│ASSESS whether he may perform is under discussion v-copPredprtcl│suTh│ASSESS the result was as desired v-copPredprtcl-suAbsinf│suThsit│ASSESS to be there was like a dream v-copPredprtcl-suAbsger│suThsit│ASSESS being there was like a dream v-copPredprtcl-suWH│suThsit│ASSESS what he said was off the mark v-copExpnAdj-expnDECL│expnThsitɲASSESS it is sad that he leaves v-copExpnAdj-expnAbsinf│expnThsit│ASSESS it is great to be healthy v-copExpnAdj-expnYN│expnThsit╠ASSESS it is uncertain whether he comes v-copExpnAdj-expnWH│expnThsit│ASSESS it is uncertain who came v-copExpnN-expnAbsinf│expnThsit│ASSESS it is a chore to chop wood v-copExpnN-expnDECL│expnThsit│ASSESS it was a disappointment that he failed v-copExpnN-expnWH│expnThsit│ASSESS it is a question who will come v-copExpnN-expnYN│expnThsit│ASSESS it is a question whether he will come v-copExpnNPredprt-expnAbsger│expnThsit│ASSESS there is an art to eating spaghetti v-copExpnPP-expnDECL│expnThsit│ASSESS it was in the third round that he lost v-copExpnPredprtPP-expnDECL│expnThsit│ASSESS it is out of the question that he comes v-copExpnPredprtcl-expnDECL│expnThsit│ASSESS it is as well that he knows v-copImpersAdjLoc│ASSESS it is nice here v-copImpersAdjLoc-locPP│ASSESS it is nice in Trondheim v-copIdN│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY this is the man v-copIdAbsinf│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY the task is to finish it v-copIdDECL│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY the problem is that he likes herring v-copIdWH│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY the problem is who gets it v-copIdYN│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY the problem is whether he eats meat v-copIdN-suDECL│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY that he picks up the letter is the signal v-copIdN-suAbsger│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY eating it is the last step v-copIdAbsinf-suAbsinf│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY to eat hot dogs is to support the global economy v-copIdAbsger-suAbsger│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY eating local food is supporting local culture
Auxiliary verb
With focus on main verb:
axv_intr-av1mod he can come axv_intr-vPart│PERFECT he has come axv-intr-vPart│suAgmover│MOTION the boy is running
As a ‘root’ modal:
v-intrAuxmodComp-compEqBareinf-suAg_compThsit he can come
As an ‘epistemic’ modal:
v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scBareinf he can come