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Difference between revisions of "Typological Features Template for kulango"

 
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By Kra Enoc
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====[[User:Kra_Enoc|Kra Enoc]]====
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{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
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|-valign="top"
 
|-valign="top"
 
|'''Phonological Features'''
 
|'''Phonological Features'''
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|In the following fields you describe the phonological inventory of kulango i ɩ e ɛ a ɔ o ɷ u
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|kulango have seven (7) vowels phonemes and nineteen (19) consonants phonemes
 
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|-
 
|Vowel inventory
 
|Vowel inventory
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| In this field you describe the vowels of kulango
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| The vowels of kulango are ɩ e ɛ a ɔ o ɷ u
 
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|Vowel harmony
 
|Vowel harmony
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| In this field you describe rule based assimilations involving vowels in kulango
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| In kulango, vowels harmony rule based on +/- ATR: +ATR: e a ɔ o u ; -ATR:  ɩ ɛ a ɔ ɷ
 
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|-
 
|Consonant inventory
 
|Consonant inventory
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| In this field you describe the consonants of kulango
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| The consonants of kulango are p b t d c ɟ kp gb k g h s z f v j l r w
 
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|Tone
 
|Tone
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|In this field you indicate if kulango is a tone language and which tones are used; does kulango have lexical tone?
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|kulango language got two phonetics tones (H: High and L: Low) without lexical opposition.
 
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|-
 
|Syllable Structure
 
|Syllable Structure
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|In this field you indicate the basic syllable structures of kulango
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|The basic syllable structures of kulango is CV
 
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|-
 
|'''Morpho-syntactic Features'''
 
|'''Morpho-syntactic Features'''
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|In the following fields you describe some of the basic morpho-syntactic parameters of kulango
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|The basic morpho-syntactic parameters of kulango: N+DEF = N+DEF; N+ADJ
 
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|morphological classification (1)
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|morphological classification
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|[Your language] could be an isolating language (not (or nearly not) making use of morphology, agglutinative, such as the Bantu languages of Africa, or synthetic, such as the Saami languages of Scandinavia, or even polysynthetic such as Greenlandic. In this field you classify [your language] according to these parameters if possible.
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|Koulango may be classify as an isolating language. Lexeme does not change with TAM.
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|-
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|morphological classification (2)
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|Linguists have distinguished between head- and dependent-marking languages. Semitic languages are head marking languages; it is the head of the noun phrases that needs to have a special form when followed by a dependent noun; in the Germanic languages it is the head of the verb phrase that expresses person-number features of its subject. Grammatical dependencies on the other hand are in some of the Germanic languages expressed on the dependent noun phrases in form of case. [Your language] might be both, head- and dependent-marking, depending on the category of speech and or the type of feature expressed. This is what you can describe in this field.
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|-
 
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|'''Nominal Phrases'''
 
|'''Nominal Phrases'''
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|In the following fields follows a description of some of the basic morpho-syntactic properties of nominal constituents
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|In kulango Nominal Phrase structures are: N + ADJ; N + DET and also POSS + N
 
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|-
 
|syntactic structure
 
|syntactic structure
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|In this field you describe the linear order of elements in the noun phrase  
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|The linear order of elements in the noun phrase: N+DET
 
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|-
 
|nominal modification
 
|nominal modification
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|In this field you indicate the basic types of nominal modification (adjectives, relative clauses, adpositions...)
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|The basic types of nominal modification are adjectives, relative clauses, postpositions.
 
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|nominal specification
 
|nominal specification
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|In this field you indicate the basic types of specification. Does kulango have determiners, demonstratives (deixis), numerals, quantifiers. Are there affixes expressing reference, deixis. Are there nouns or other elements expression a portion of a noun that the co-occur with?
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|Determiners: +animate SG (nɩ); PL (bɛrɛ) –animate SG (rɛ); PL (wɩrɩ~)
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Demonstratives: mɷɷ~ (m)
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Numerals: taa `1`; bɩla; `2`; saa~bɩ `3`; na~ `4`; tɔ `5`; tɔrɔtaa
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`6`; torofiriɲu~ `7`; tɔrɔfɩrɩsaa~ `8`; tɔrɔfɩrɩna~ `9`; nu~nu `10`; jiplo `20`
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Quantifiers: pɛɛ `all`; pooko `lot of`
 
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|-
 
|possession
 
|possession
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|In this field you describe how possession is expressed (for example, syntactically or by use of prepositions, through juxtaposition or morphologically) Does [your language] feature possessive pronouns?
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|In Kulango possession is expressed by using morphemes. They position before the noun. There are: mɩ~ `my`; ɷ `your`; bɔ `his/her`; bɩ `our`; ɩ~ `your`; bɔ `their`.
 
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|pronominal system
 
|pronominal system
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| In this field you indicate if [your language] has free pronoun forms? Are pronouns marked for their grammatical function (object versus subject pronouns)? Does your language have bound pronouns (affixes) or pronoun doubling? Are reflexives expressed by pronouns?
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| Kulango has free pronoun forms. We are object pronouns and subject pronouns Subject.
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Subject: animate: SG hɷ~ `he/she`; PL bɔ`they` inanimate: SG hɔ `it`; PL ɷ~ `its`
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Object: animate: SG ɩ~; re; jɛ etc. PL bɛ inanimate: SG jɛ, ge, ke etc. PL u~
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|'''Verbal Phrases'''
 
|'''Verbal Phrases'''
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|In the following fields serve for the description of some of the basic morpho-syntactic properties of verbal constituents
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|
 
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|word order
 
|word order
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|In this field you indicate the basic word order of your language (SOV, SOV ...)
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|The basic word order of Kulango is:
 
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|TAM  
 
|TAM  
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|In this field you indicate which tense and/or aspects are morphologically or tonally marked; does [your language] make use of periphrastic tense or aspect constructions?
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|kulango use morphemes and tonal accent to express aspects accomplied and inaccomplied.
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<Phrase>10334</Phrase>
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<Phrase>10349</Phrase>
 
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|infinitival forms
 
|infinitival forms
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|In this field you indicate if kulango makes use of an infinitive marker? How many infinitival forms does your language have?
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|verbal constructions
 
|verbal constructions
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| In this field you indicate if kulango has ditransitive constructions, serial verb constructions or complex verb forms composed of several verbs. Does your language have so called light verbs, perhaps only used to indicate a certain tense or aspect?
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|  
 
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|'''Adpositions'''
 
|'''Adpositions'''
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|In this field you indicate if [your language[ makes use of prepositions or postpositions. Does your language have spatial nouns? Does your language use adpositions or particles to indicate grammatical relations between the verb and a nominal argument?
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|
 
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|'''Complementation'''
 
|'''Complementation'''
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| In this field you describe complementation strategies. Does [your language] make use of complementizers?
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|  
 
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|-
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|'''Special Properties of kulango
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|'''Special Properties of Kulango
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| In this field you should mention properties of [your language] which did not fit into any of the other categories mentioned in this template
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|  
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|}
 
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[[Category:Typological Features Template|Kulango]]

Latest revision as of 15:31, 21 July 2014

Kra Enoc

Feature Description
Phonological Features kulango have seven (7) vowels phonemes and nineteen (19) consonants phonemes
Vowel inventory The vowels of kulango are ɩ e ɛ a ɔ o ɷ u
Vowel harmony In kulango, vowels harmony rule based on +/- ATR: +ATR: e a ɔ o u ; -ATR: ɩ ɛ a ɔ ɷ
Consonant inventory The consonants of kulango are p b t d c ɟ kp gb k g h s z f v j l r w
Tone kulango language got two phonetics tones (H: High and L: Low) without lexical opposition.
Syllable Structure The basic syllable structures of kulango is CV
Morpho-syntactic Features The basic morpho-syntactic parameters of kulango: N+DEF = N+DEF; N+ADJ
morphological classification Koulango may be classify as an isolating language. Lexeme does not change with TAM.
Nominal Phrases In kulango Nominal Phrase structures are: N + ADJ; N + DET and also POSS + N
syntactic structure The linear order of elements in the noun phrase: N+DET
nominal modification The basic types of nominal modification are adjectives, relative clauses, postpositions.
nominal specification Determiners: +animate SG (nɩ); PL (bɛrɛ) –animate SG (rɛ); PL (wɩrɩ~)

Demonstratives: mɷɷ~ (m) Numerals: taa `1`; bɩla; `2`; saa~bɩ `3`; na~ `4`; tɔ `5`; tɔrɔtaa `6`; torofiriɲu~ `7`; tɔrɔfɩrɩsaa~ `8`; tɔrɔfɩrɩna~ `9`; nu~nu `10`; jiplo `20` Quantifiers: pɛɛ `all`; pooko `lot of`

possession In Kulango possession is expressed by using morphemes. They position before the noun. There are: mɩ~ `my`; ɷ `your`; bɔ `his/her`; bɩ `our`; ɩ~ `your`; bɔ `their`.
pronominal system Kulango has free pronoun forms. We are object pronouns and subject pronouns Subject.

Subject: animate: SG hɷ~ `he/she`; PL bɔ`they` inanimate: SG hɔ `it`; PL ɷ~ `its` Object: animate: SG ɩ~; re; jɛ etc. PL bɛ inanimate: SG jɛ, ge, ke etc. PL u~

Verbal Phrases
word order The basic word order of Kulango is:
TAM kulango use morphemes and tonal accent to express aspects accomplied and inaccomplied.


infinitival forms
verbal constructions
Adpositions
Complementation
Special Properties of Kulango
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