View source for Valence Profile English

LIST OF ENGLISH VERB CONSTRUCTION TYPES

Mary Esther Kropp Dakubu

This list is built on the Norwegian list included in SLAVOB 6.3

Intransitive:
 v-intr│suAg│ACTIVITY
the boy jumps
DEF boy-DEF jump-SG.PRES					
 v-intr│suAg│SEMELFACTIVE
	the boy jumps
	DEF boy jump-SG.PRES
 v-intr│suAg│COMPLETEDMONODEVMNT
	Jack ate.
	J eat-PAST							
 v-intr│suSens│PROTR-SENSATION
	the boy listens
	DEF boy listen-SG.PRES					
 v-intr│suTh│PROCESS
	the ice melts
	DEF ice melt-SG.PRES					
 v-intr│suTh│SUSTAINEDPHENOM
	the rain continued
	DEF rain continue-PST	
 v-intr│suThmover│MOTION
	the ball rolls
	DEF ball roll-SG.PRES 				
 v-intr-suAbsGer│suThsit│ASSESS
	getting money for political favours stinks
	get-GER money for PREP political favours stink-SG.PRES
 v-intr-suNrg│PHENOM
	it rains				
	PRON.EXPL rain-PRES
 v-intrAdv│suAg│ACHIEVEMENT
	he functions well
 	3SG function-SG.PRES well 					
	Jane writes badly
	J write-3SG.PRES badly
 v-intrAdv│suTh│PROPTY
The machine functions well
DET machine function-3SG.PRES well
 v-intrObl│suAg_oblInstr│ACTIVITY
Jane wrote with a pen
J write-PST with DET pen 
 v-intrObl│suAg_oblTrgt│ACTIVITY
	Jane wrote to John
	J write-PST to J
 v-intrObl-oblEndpt│suAgmover│MOTIONDIRECTED
	John walked into the room
 v-intrObl│suExp_oblCsr│EMOTIONCAUSED
	they grieved over the death
	PRON.3PL grieve-PST over DET death
 v-intrObl│suTh_oblLoc│PHENOM
	stars appear in the heavens
	star-PL appear-PRES in DET heavens
 v-intrObl-oblEqSuGer│suAg_oblContent│ASSESS
Jane believes in speaking her mind
	J be engaged PREP write-GER
 v-intrObl│suPurelyorient_oblTrgt│ORIENT
	the arrow points to the north
 	DEF arrow point-3SG.PRES PREP DEF north 	
 v-intrObl│suPath_oblTrgt│PATHCONSTELLATION
	the road goes towards the north
 	DEF road go-3SG.PRES PREP DEF north
 v-intrAdvPath│suLocomoevent│LOCOMODEVELOPMENT
	the tour goes northwards
 	DEF tour go-SG.PRES northwards 		
 v-intrAdvPresent-suExpn│suThmover│MOTIONPRESENTED
	there goes the ball
	there go-3SG.PRES DEF ball
 v-intrComp│suCog_compThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE	
Kathy thought I would come
K think-PST 1SG would come		
 v-intrComp-compYN│suCog_compThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	Kathy wonders whether I will come
	K. wonder-3SG.PRES WH.YN PRON.1SG AUX.FUT come
 v-intrComp-compWH│suCog_compThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	Kathy wonders who will come
	K. wonder-SG.PRES WH.HUMAN AUX.FUT come
 v-intrExlnk-ExlnkDECL
	it appears that he will come 
	PRON.EXPL appear-SG.PRES COMP PRON.SG FUT come
 v-intrExpn-expnAbsinf│ASSESS
	it helps to sit down 
	PRON.EXPL help-PRES INF sit down  		
 v-intrExpn-expnDECL_suNrg│PHENOM
	it happens that the earth is round
	PRON.EXPL happen-PRES COMP DEF earth be-3SG.PRES round		
 v-intrExpn-expnEquat│ASSESS
	it looks as if he did it
	PRON.EXPL look-PRES CONJ PRON.3SG do-PST it		
 v-intrExpn-expnWH_suNrg
	it is a question who comes
	PRON.EXPL be.3SG.PRES DET question WH.HUMAN come-SG.PRES 		
 v-intrExpn-expnYN
	it is a question whether he can do it
	PRON.EXPL be.SG.PRES DET question WH.YN PRON.3S can-SG.PRES do PRON
 v-intrImplMotion│suPath│CROSSINGPATHS
	their paths crossed
	PRON.POSS.3PL cross-PST	
 v-intrObRais-suNrg_obRaisInf│obThsit│EXHIBACT
	He appears to come
	he appears INF come 				
 v-intrObl│suAg_oblAffincrem│NONCOMPLETED_MONODEVMNT
	she nibbles at the apple
 	PRON.3SG eat-PRES PREP DEF apple
 v-intrObl│suAg_oblLoc│LOCATION
	she lives in London
	PRON.3SG live-PRES PREP London	
 v-intrObl│suAg_oblTopic│ACTIVITY-COMMUNICATION EVENT?
	I talk about Jane
	PRON.1SG talk-PRES about Jane					
 v-intrObl│suAg_oblTrgt│EMISSION
	he vomited on the tablecloth
	PRON.3SG vomit-PAST PREP DEF tablecloth
 v-intrObl│suTh_oblLoc│INCHOATIONLOCATED		
	A crack appears in the glass
	DET crack appear-SG.PRES PREP DEF glass			
 v-intrObl│suTh_oblLoc│LOCATION
	Boston is in Massachusetts
	B. lie-PRES PROP M.	
 v-intrObl│suTh_oblLoc│LOCATION
The town lies in the valley
	DEF town lie-SG.PRES PREP DEF valley				
 v-intrObl│suTh_oblPoss│POSSESSION
	the book belongs to Jane
book-DEF belong-3SG.PRES to J	
 v-intrObl_suWH│suThsit_oblTh│DEPEND
	who comes depends on you
	who comes depend-SG.PRES PREP you 
 v-intrObl-suWH_oblWH│suThsit_oblTh│DEPEND
	who comes depends on what you do
	WH.human come-SG.PRES depend-SG.PRES PREP WH.nonhum PRON.2SG do	
 v-intrObl-suYN│suThsit_oblTh│DEPEND
	whether he comes depends on you
	WH.YN PRON.3SG come-SG.PRES depend-SG.PRES PREP PRON.2SG
 v-intrObl-suYN_oblYN│suThsit_oblTh│DEPEND
	whether he comes depends on whether you come
	WH.YN PRON.3SG come-SG.PRES depend-SG.PRES PREP WH.YN PRON.2SG come	
 v-intrObl-oblAbsGer│suAg_oblContent│ACTIVITY-ABOUTNESS
	they talk about travelling to Mars
	PRON.3PL talk-PRES PREP travel-GER to Mars 
 v-intrObl-oblDeclNom│suAg_oblContent│ACTIVITY
	they talk about it being too late
	PRON.3PL talk-PRES PREP 3SG be-GER too late 			
 v-intrObl-oblEqSuInf│suAg_oblContent│ACTIVITY-PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	he hopes to come 
	PRON.3SG hope-SG.PRES INF come	
 v-intrObl-oblInf│suAg_oblEventcont│CAUSATION	
	we arranged for him to get a visa
	PRON.1PL arrange-PST for him INF get a visa
 v-intrOblExpn-suNrg_expnYN
	it depends on you whether he will win 
	PRON.EXPL depend-3SG.PRES PREP PRON.2SG WH.YN PRON.3SG FUT win 
 v-intrOblPath│suAgmover_OblEndpt│MOTIONtoENDPT
	a man runs to here
	DET man run-3SG.PRES PREP here  (where ‘here’ means ‘point X’)
 v-intrOblScpr-scSuNrg_scInf│oblCog_scThsit│PERCPT
	he seems to me to be in a good mood
	he seem-PRES me in good mood 
 v-intrPrtcl-suNrg│TELIC-PHENOM
	it clears up
 	PRON.EXPL clear-PRES up				
 v-intrScPr-scPrAdj│suSens│PROTR-EXPER
	the boy feels cold
	DEF boy feel-SG.PRES cold
 v-intrScPr-suBPspec_scPrAdj│suThloc│PARTWHOLEEXPER
	my back feels cold
	1SG.POSS back feel-3SG.PRES cold
 v-intrScPrExpn-ScPrAdj_ExpnDECL
	it is urgent that it gets tidied up
	PRON.EXPL be.3SG.PRES urgent COMP 3SG.nonhum get-3SG.PRES tidy-PART ADV
	It is essential that he comes
	PRON.EXPL be.SG.PRES essential COMP PRON.3SG come-SG.PRES 		
 v-intrPresnt│presTh
	there lived a man
 	PRON.EXPL live-PAST DET man	
 v-intrPresntLoc│presntAg_advLoc│POSTURELOC
	there sits a man in the chair
	PRON.EXPL sit-3SG.PRES DET man PREP DEF chair
 v-intrPresnt-suNrg_presntREL│presThsit
There comes a time when nothing works
PRON.EXPL come-PRES DET time WH.TIME PRON work-SG.PRES
 v-intrPrtcl│suAg│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY
	Jack keeps on
 	Jack keep-3SG.PRES on
 v-intrPrtcl│suTh│SUSTAINEDPHENOM	
The rain keeps on
DEF rain keep-3SG.PRES on
 v-intrPrtclGer│suAg│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY
	Jack kept on running
	J  keep-PST on run-GER	
 v-intrPrtclObl│suAg_obl│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY
	Jack kept on with his running
	J keep-PST on with his running
 v-intrScpr-scAdj│suThmover│EXHIBPROPTY		 		
the water runs clear (formerly it didn’t)
DEF water run-3SG.PRES clear
 v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scAdj│EXHIBPROPTY
	the boy seems sick
	DEF boy seem-3SG.PRES sick 				
 v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scInf
	he seems to believe it
	PRON.3SG seem-PRES INF believe it	 	
 v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scAdj│EXHIBPROPTY
	the boy seems sensible
	boy-DEF seem-3SG.PRES sensible 
 v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scInf│EXHIBPROPTY
the boy seems to be a leader
DEF boy seem-3SG.PRES INF be DET leader
 v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scPP│EXHIBPROPTY
	the boy seems in good shape
	DEF boy seem-3SG.PRES PREP good shape 		
 v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scPredprtcl│EXHIBPROPTY
	the boy appears as a hero in the report
	DEF boy appear-3SG.PRES as a hero PREP DEF report		
 v-intrScpr-scSuArgCsd_scAdv│suTh│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT
	the coffee boils away
	DEF coffee boil-PRES away		 		
 v-intrScpr-scSuNrgCsd_scAdv│INCREMRESULT
	the cup runs over
 	DEF cup run-3SG.PRES over	
 v-intrScpr-scSuNrgCsd_scAdv│INCREMRESULT
	the shore eroded away
	DEF shore erode-PAST away		 
 v-intrScpr-scSuNrgCsd_scPP│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT
	the house burned to a cinder
 	DEF house burn-PAST PREP DET cinder
 v-intrScpr-suNrg_scEquat│RESULT
	it looks as though he came
 	3SG look-SG.PRES as though PRON.3SG come-PST
 v-intrScpr-scAdj│suTh│PROPTYDYN
	the house stands empty
	DEF house stand-3SG.PRES empty 			
	The property lay unattended
 	DEF property lie-PST unattended
 v-intrLghtScpr-scSuNrg_scPredprtcl
	the boy emerged as a suspect 
	DEF boy emerge-PST as DET suspect	 
 v-intrLghtScpr-scSuNrgCsd_scAdj│INCREMRESULT
	the company goes broke 
	DEF company go-3SG.PRES broke 				
 v-intrPrtclScpr-scSuNrg_scAdj│EXHIBPROPTY
	The boy ended up sick
	DEF boy end-PST up sick 	
 v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scPredprtcl│EXHIBPROPTY 
	the boy sounds like a parrot
	DEF boy sound-3SG.PRES like DET parrot 
 v-intrObl│suAg_oblTrg│COMPARISON	
The boy runs like a donkey
DEF boy run-3SG.PRES like DET donkey
 v-intrWH│PHENOM
A time comes when nothing works
DET time come-3SG.PRES WH.time nothing work-3SG.PRES
 v-intrAuxmodComp-compEqBareinf│suAg_compThsit 
	Jane can paddle
	Jane can-PRES paddle
This template classifies the construction from the viewpoint of can being the head of the construction, and acting as an  
‘equi’ verb, thus with a so-called ‘root’ interpretation. From a viewpoint more motivating the term ‘auxiliary verb’, an 
alternative template is axv_intr-av1mod, seeing paddle as the head, just being preceded by the modal.
 v-intrAuxmodScpr-suDir_scSuNrg_scAdv
	he must go out
	PRON.3SG must go out 						

 Transitive:
 v-tr│suAg_oblAffincrem│MONODEVMNT
	she eats the apple
 	PRON.3SG eat-PRES DEF apple
 v-tr│suAg_obAff│CONTACTFORCEFUL
 	Jack beats John
	Ja beat-3SG.PRES Jo 			
 v-tr│suAg_obAffincrem│COMPLETED_MONODEVMNT
	Kathy ate the cake
	K. eat-PST DEF cake
 v-tr│suAgmover_obPathobj│MOTIONALONGLINE 
	Kathy follows the path
	K. follow-3SG PRES DEF path
 v-tr│suAgmover_obAgmover│MOTIONCROSSPATHS
	the boy crosses the demonstration parade
 	DEF boy cross-3SG.PRES DEF parade
 v-tr│suAgmover_obEndpnt│MOTIONtoENDPT
	Kathy reaches the top
	K. reach-3SG.PRES DEF top
	John entered the room
 v-tr│suAgmover_obStartpt│MOTIONDIRECTED
Kathy left the room
 v-tr│suAg_obEjct│EJECTION
	Kathy throws the ball
 	K. throw-3SG.PRES DEF ball
 v-tr│suAg_obEjctinobj│EJECTION
	she shoots plastic bullets
	PRON.3SG shoot-3SG.PRES plastic bullets 		
 v-tr│suAg_obEventcont│ACTIVITY
	she sang a beautiful song
	PRON.3SG sing-PST DET beautiful song				
 v-tr│suAg_obExp│EMOTIONCAUSED
	Kathy frightens Jane
	K. frighten-3SG.PRES J.					
 v-tr│suAgmover_obLengthcont│MOTIONEXTENDING
	the boy walks two kilometers
 	DEF boy walk-3SG.PRES two kilometer-PL			
 v-tr│suAg_obTh│REPRESENTING
	Kathy mentions Jane
	K. mention-3SG.PRES J.					
 v-tr│suAg_obThincrem│COMPLETED_MONODEVMNT
	Kathy read the book
	K. read-PST book-DEF				
 v-tr│suAg_obThmover│MOTIONCAUSED
	Kathy sends the parcel
	K. send-3SG.PRES DEF parcel
 v-tr│suAgmover_obViapnt│MOTIONviaVIAPT
	Kathy passes the church
	K. pass-3SG.PRES DEF church
 v-tr│suCog_obTh│COGNITION
	Kathy knows the answer
	K. know-3SG.PRES DEF answer
 v-tr│suComitmover_obAgmover│MOTIONPARALLEL
	the boy accompanies the president
 	DEF boy accompany-3SG.PRES DEF president
 v-tr│suExp_obTrgt│EMOTION
Jane likes horses
J like-3SG.PRES horse-PL
 v-tr│suOrientedline_obOrientedline│CROSSINGPATHS
	the stroke cuts the line
 	DEF stroke cut-3SG.PRES DEF line
 v-tr│suOrientedline_obOrientedline│PARALLELPATHS
	the stroke follows the line
  	DEF stroke follow-3SG.PRES DEF line
	The path follows the river
	DEF path follow-3SG.PRES DEF river
 v-tr│suPathobj_obEndpnt│EXTENSIONtoENDPT
	the path reaches the top
	DEF path reach-3SG.PRES DEF top
 v-tr│suPathobj_obViapnt│EXTENSIONviaVIAPT
	the path passes the church
	DEF path pass-3SG.PRES DEF church
 v-tr│suSens_obTh│SENSATION
	Kathy sees Jane
	K. see-3SG.PRES J.							
 v-tr│suPoss_obPossd│POSSESSION
	Jack owns a car
 v-tr│suTh_obBen│PENDINGSTATE
	an accident awaits him
	DET accident await-3SG.PRES PRON.3SG
 v-tr│suTh_obExp│EMOTIONCAUSED
	the book depresses Jane
	book-DEF depress-3SG.PRES J		
 v-tr│suTh_obLengthcont│EXTENDING
	the track measures 400 meters
	DEF track measure-3SG.PRES 400 meter-PL		
 v-tr│suTh_obSens│SENSATIONCAUSED
	the stone hurt Jane
	DEF stone hurt-3SG.PST J	
 v-tr│suTh_obTimecont│LASTING
	the film lasts 5 hours
	DEF film last-3SG.PRES 5 hour-PL			
 v-tr│suTh_obWeightcont│WEIGHING
	the stone weighs 5 kg
	DEF stone weigh-3SG.PRES 5 kg			
 v-trImpltransf│suAg_obRec│RENDERINGinPOSITION
	he dressed the boy
	PRON.3SG dress-PAST DEF boy						
 v-trImpltransfObl│suAg_obTh_oblLoc│RENDERINGinPOSITION
	he spilled water on the tablecloth
	he spill-PAST on DEF tablecloth	
 v-trImpltransfObl-OblRefl│suAg_obTh_oblTrgt│RENDERINGinPOSITION
	he spilled water on himself
	he spill-PAST water PREP PRON.REFL					
 v-trImpltransf-obRefl│suAg_obPat│RENDERINGinPOSITION
	he dressed himself
	he dress-PAST 3SG.REFL	
 v-tr-suGer│suEffector_obAff│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
getting money for political favours disgusts me
get-GER money for political favours disgust-3SG.PRES 1SG
 v-tr-suAbsger│suThsit_obAff│EXPERIENCECAUSED
getting money for political favours disgusts me
get-GER money for political favours disgust-3SG.PRES 1SG
 v-tr-suAbsger│suThsit_obCog│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	building highrises interests Kathy
	Build-GER highrise-PL interest-3SG.PRES K.	
 v-tr-suGer│suThsit_obCog│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	My coming astonishes Kathy
	PRON.POSS.1SG come-GER astonish-3SG.PRES K
 v-tr-suGer_obDECL│suThsit_obThsit│CAUSATION
	Jane’s coming entails that you must come
	J-POSS come-GER entail-3SG.PRES COMP PRON.2SG must come		
 v-tr-suGer_obYN│suThsit_obThsit│CAUSATION
	Jane’s coming determines whether you come
	J-POSS come-GER determine-3SG.PRES WH.YN PRON.2SG come
 v-tr-suWH│suThsit_obCog│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	who comes interests Kathy
	WH.hum come-3SG.PRES interest-3SG.PRES K.	
 v-tr-suWH_obWH│suThsit_obThsit│CAUSATION
	Who comes decides who will win
	WH.Hum come-3SG.PRES decide-3SG.PRES WH.Hum FUT win	
 v-tr-suYN│suThsit_obCog│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	Whether I come interests Kathy
	WH.YN PRON.1SG come-PRES interest-3SG.PRES K.	
 v-tr-obAbsger│suAg_obThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	Kathy considers coming
	K. consider-3SG.PRES come-GER
 v-tr-obDECL│suAg_obEventcont│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGENTITY
	we arranged that he got a visa
	PRON.1PL arrange-PST COMP PRON.3SG get-PST DET visa
 v-tr-obDECL│suCog_obThsit│COGNITION
	Kathy knows that I came
	K. know-3SG.PRES COMP PRON.1SG come-PST	
 v-tr-obDECL│suCog_obThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	I assume that he is qualified
	PRON.1SG assume COMP he is qualified	
 v-tr-obDECL│suSens_obThsit│SENSATION
	Kathy sees that Jane sleeps
	K. see-3SG.PRES COMP J. sleep-3SG.PRES
 v-tr-obEqInf│suAg_obThsit│ACTIVITY
	Kathy tries to come
	K. try-3SG.PRES INF come					
 v-tr-obRefl│suAg_obAff│AFFECTING
	Kathy washes herself
	K. wash-3SG.PRES REFL	
 v-trExpnSu-expnDECL│obCog_expnThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	it worries me that he hasn’t come
	PRON.EXPL worry-3SG.PRES PRON.1SG COMP PRON.3SG AUX-NEG come 
 v-trExpnSu-expnCOND│obCog_expnThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	it will not surprise me if he comes
	PRON.EXPL FUT NEG surprise PRON.1SG CONJ PRON.3SG come-3SG.PRES
 v-trExpnSu-expnEqInf│obCog_expnSuThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	it pleases me to come
	PRON.EXPL please-3SG.PRES PRON.1SG INF come	
 v-trExpnSu│obMeas_expnAbsinf││ASSESS
	it takes two hours to go there
	PRON.EXPL take-3SG.PRES two hours INF go there		
 v-trExpnOb-expnCOND│suCog_expnThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	I will deplore it if you come
	PRON.1SG FUT deplore PRON.EXPL CONJ PRON.SG come
 v-trExpnOb-expnAbsinf│suAg_expnThsit│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGENTITY
	we make it impossible to come
	PRON.1PL make PRON.EXPL impossible INF come	
 v-trNrf-obReflExpl│suAgmover│MOTION
	the boy raised himself
 	DEF boy raise-PST REFL
 v-trNrfPrt_obReflExpl│suAgmover│MOTIONDIRECTED
The boy pulled himself up
DEF boy pull-PST REFL up				
 v-trNrfAdv-obReflExpl│suAg│ACTIVITY
	he behaved himself nicely
	PRON.3SG behave-PST REFL				
 v-trNrfObl-obReflExpl_oblEqSuGer│suAg_oblThsit
	Jane resigned herself to waiting
	J resign-PST REFL to wait-GER
 v-trNrfPath-obReflExpl│suAgmover│MOTION
	He pushes himself forward
	PRON.3SG push-3SG.PRES REFL forward
 v-trNrfPrtcl-obRefl│suAg│ACTIVITY
	Kathy messed herself up
	K. mess-PST REFL up			
 v-trNrfScpr-obReflExpl_scSuNrg_scAdj│suAg
	he made himself sick
	PRON.3SG make-PST REFL sick			
 v-trNrfScpr-obReflExpl_scSuNrg_scAdj│suAg│INCREMENTALRESULT
he shouted himself hoarse
	PRON.3SG shout-PST REFL hoarse
 v-trObl│suAg_obTh_oblIntrloc│COMMUNICATION
	he told the news to Kathy
	PRON.3SG tell-PST DEF news to K				
 v-trObl-obRefl│suAg_obTh_oblCom│ACHVMNT
	he allied himself with the boy
	PRON.3SG ally-PST REFL with DEF boy
 v-trObl-obRefl_oblBPob│suAg_obAff_oblThloc│PARTWHOLEAFFECTING
	Jack scratched himself on the back
	J. scratch-PST REFL on DEF back
 v-trObl-obReflExpl_oblBPob│suAff_oblThloc│PARTWHOLEAFFECTING
	Jack cut himself on the knee
	J. cut-PST REFL on DEF knee
 v-trObl-oblBPob│suAg_obAff_oblThloc│PARTWHOLEAFFECTING
	I kicked Jack in the leg
	I kick-PST J. in DEF leg
 v-trObl-oblDECL│suAg_obIntrloc_oblThsit│LOCUTACT
	he told Jack that he had come
	PRON.3SG tell-PST J. COMP PRON.3SG PRF come
 v-trObl-oblPP│suAg_obIntrloc_oblThsit│LOCUTACT
	he told Jack about his coming
	PRON.3SG tell-PST J. about PRON.3SG.POSS come-GER
 v-trObl-oblYN│suAg_obIntrloc_oblThsit│LOCUTACT 
	He asked Jack whether he came
	PRON.3SG ask-PST WH.YN PRON.3SG come-PST
 v-trPassinf-EqSuInf│suAg_obIntrloc_oblThsit│LOCUTACT
	he begged me to be allowed to come
	PRON.3SG beg-PST PRON.1SG INF be allowed INF come 		
 v-trObl-oblInf│suAg_obInterloc_oblThsit│LOCUTACT
	he begged me to go
	PRON.3SG beg-PST PRON.1SG INF go				
 v-trObl-obRefl_oblEqSuGer│suAg_obTh_oblThsit│COMMITMENT
	he commits himself to coming
	PRON.3SG commit-3SG.PRES REFL INF come			
 v-trObl-oblPP│suAg_obInterloc_oblThsit│LOCUTACT
	we tell the children about building houses
	PRON.1PL tell-PRES DEF child-PL about build-GER houses	
 v-trOblScpr-scSuNrg_scN│oblCog_scThsit│PERCPT
	he seems to me an idiot
	PRON.3SG seem-3SG.PRES to PRON.1SG DET idiot	
 v-trOblScpr-scSuNrg_scInf│oblCog_scThsit│PERCPT
	He seems to me to be an idiot
	PRON.3SG seem-3SG.PRES to PRON.1SG INF be DET idiot		
 v-trPath│suAg_obPurelyorient│ORIENT
	he directs the arrow to the north
 	PRON.3SG direct-PRES DEF arrow to DEF north		
 v-trPath│suAg_obOrientedline│LINESITUATING
	he draws the line to the left
 	PRON.3SG draw-PRES DEF line to DEF left			
 v-trPath│suAgmover_obLocomoevent│LOCOMOCONDUCTION
	they take the tour to the north
 	PRON.3PL take-PRES DEF tour to DEF north	
 v-trPath│suAgmover_obOrientedline│USINGPATH
	the boy will take the path toward the river
 	DEF boy will take DEF path toward DEF river	
 v-trPath│suAgmover_obInstrmover│USINGVEHICLE
	the boy will take the bus to town
 	DEF boy FUT take DEF bus to town	
 v-trPrtcl│suExper_obTh│EXHIBATTITUDE
	Kathy approves of your choice
	K approve-3SG.PRES of PRON.POSS.2SG choice
 v-trPrtcl│suCog_obTh│COGNITION
	Kathy found out the answer
	K. find-PST out DEF answer
 v-trPrtcl-obDECLcmp│suCog_obThsit│COGNITION
	Kathy found out that I came
	K. find-PAST out COMP PRON.1SG come-PST	
 v-trPrtcl-obRefl│suAg_obTh│COMPLETEDACTIVITY
	Kathy cleaned herself up
	K. clean-PST REFL up				
 v-trPrtcl-obYN-suCog_obThsit-COGNITION
	Kathy found out whether they came
	K. find-PST out WH.YN PRON.3PL come-PST
 v-trPrtcl-obWH│suCog_obThsit│COGNITION
	Kathy found out who came
	K. find-PST out WH.HUM come-PST			
	Kathy figured out what the answer was.
	K. figure-PST out WH.NONHUM DEF answer be-PST	
 v-trScpr-scBareinf│suSens_obThsit│SENSATION
	I saw him run
	I see-PST him run
 v-trScpr-obRefl_scSuNrg_scPassinf│suAg_obTrgt│PERMISSION
	They let themselves be seen
	PRON.3PL let-PST REFL be seen
 v-trScpr-scGer│suAg_obTime_scThsit│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY
	we spent a week doing it				
 v-trScpr-scObNrg_scInf│suCog_scThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	I assume him to be qualified
	I assume-PRES him INF be qualified
 v-trScpr-scObNrg_scGer│suSens│SENSATION
I saw him running	(he was running)
PRON.1SG see-PST PRON.3SG run-GER
 v-trScpr-scEqSuGer│suSens_obTh│SENSATION
I saw him running	(I was running)
PRON.1SG see-PST PRON.3SG run-GER				
 v-trScpr-scObNrg_obRefl_scGer│suSens_obThsit│SENSATION
	he felt himself falling
	he feel-PAST REFL fall-GER				
 v-trScpr-scObNrg_scAdj│suCog│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	she considers Jack qualified 
	PRON.3SG consider-PRES J qualified					
 v-trScpr-scObNrg_obRefl_scAdj│suCog_obThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	she considers herself qualified
	PRON.3SG consider-3SG.PRES 3SG.REFL qualified
 v-trScpr-scObNrg_scPredprtcl│suAg_obThsit│PROPOSITIONALATTITUDE
	they perceived him as qualified 
	PRON.3PL perceive-PST PRON.3S as qualified
 v-trScpr-scObNrg_scN│suAg_obThsit│REPRESENT
	she calls Jane a friend
	PRON.3SG call-PRES J DET friend				
 v-trScpr-scObNrg_obRefl_scN│suAg_obThsit│REPRESENT
	she calls herself a friend
	she call-PRES REFL a friend
 v-trScpr-scObNrg_scBareinf│suAg│PERMISSION
	they let the man sing
	PRON.3PS let DEF man sing
 v-trScpr-scObNrg_scPassInf│suAg│PERMISSION
they let the song be sung
PRON.3PL let DEF song be.INF sing-PART
 v-trScpr-scObArgConcurr_scAdj│suAg_obAffincrem│CONCURRSTATE
	he drank the coffee cold 
	he drink-PAST DEF coffee warm			'he drank the coffee warm'
 v-trScpr-scObArgConcurr_scPP│suAg_obThvehcl│CONCURRSTATE
	he drove the car in good condition
 	PRON.3SG drive-PAST DEF car in good condition 		
 v-trScpr-scObArgConcurr_scPredprtcl│suAg_obThvehcl│CONCURRSTATE
	he drove the car like a tractor
	PRON.3SG drive-PAST DEF car like DET tractor
 v-trScpr-scObArgRes_scAdj│suCsr_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGENTITY
	she pounded the soil flat
 	PRON.3SG pound-PAST DEF soil flat
 v-trScpr-scObNrgRes_scPP│suCsr_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGENTITY
	she put the house into good condition
 	PRON.3SG put-PAST DEF house into good condition
 v-trScpr-scObNrgRes_scPP│suCsr_scCsd│PLACEMENT
	she put the shoes behind the door
	PRON.3SG put-PAST DEF shoe-PL behind DEF door
 v-trScpr-scObArgCsd_scAdv│suAg_obAff_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT
	he kicked the ball away
	PRON.3SG kick-PAST DEF ball away
 v-trScpr-scObNrgCsd_scAdj│suAg_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT
	they drank the house dry
	PRON.3PL drink-PAST DEF house dry	
 v-trScpr-scObNrgCsd_obRefl_scAdj│suAg_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT
	she ran herself ragged
	PRON.3SG run-PAST REFL ragged		
 v-trScprShft-scObArgCsd_scAdv│suAg_obAff_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT
	he pushed away the branches
	PRON.3SG push-PAST away DEF branch-PL
 v-trScpr-obDir_obRefl_scObNrgCsd_scAdv│suAg_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT
	he gets himself away
	PRON.3SG get-PRES REFL away					
 v-trScpr-obPossp_scObNrgCsd_scAdv│suAg_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT
	he sang his sorrows away 
	PRON.3SG sing-PAST PRON.POSS.3SG sorrow-PL away
 v-trScprShft-obPossp_scObNrgCsd_scAdv│suAg_scCsd│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT
	she wiped away her tears
	PRON.3SG wipe-PAST PRON.POSS.3SG tear-PL

 Ditransitive:
 v-ditr│suAg_iobRec_obTh│TRANSFER
	I gave him the book
	I give-PAST him DEF book				
 v-ditr│suAg_iobBen_obTh│SUSTAINEDSTATE
	he owes her a book
	PRON.3SG owe-3SG.PRES DET book
 v-trAdv│suThsit_iobAg_advTime│SUSTAINEDACTIVITY
	the job took us all day
 v-ditr-suAbsger│suThsit_iobBen_obThabst│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT
	taking walks gives  you strength
	take-GER walks give-3SG.PRES PRON.2 strength
 v-ditr-suGer│suThsit_iobBen_obTh│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGEVENT
	his singing gives Kathy a headache
	PRON.POSS.3SG sing-GER give-3SG.PRES K DET headache
 v-ditr-suYN│suThsit_iobPrcvr_obTh│ASSESS
	whether he comes first will give us our plan of attack
	whether PRON.3SG come-3SG.PRES first FUT show PRON.1PL plan of attack	
 v-ditr-suWH│suThsit_iobPrcvr_obThʧASSESS
	what happens last gives us the plan of attack
	WH happen-3SG.PRES last give-3SG.PRES PRON.1PL DEF plan of attack	
 v-ditr-iobPP│suAg_obTh_iobRec│TRANSFER
	Jack supplied fruit to the store
 v-ditr-iobRefl│suAg_iobBen_obTh│AVAILING
	he gave himself time
	he give-PAST REFL time				
 v-ditr-iobRefl│suAg_iobPermissee_obTh│PERMISSION
	Kathy allowed herself three cakes
	K allow-PAST REFL three cakes			
 v-ditr-obDECL│suAg_iobIntrlctr_obThsit│COMMUNICATION
	Kathy tells me that he often comes
	K tell-3SG.PRES PRON.1SG COMP PRON.3SG often come-PRES
 v-ditr-obEqIobInf│suAg_iobPermissee_obThsit│COMMITMENT
	Kathy allows him to come
	K. allow-3SG.PRES PRON.3SG INF come				
 v-ditr-obEqSuInf│suAg_iobIntrlctr_obThsit│COMMITMENT
	Kathy promises him to come
	K. promise-3SG.PRES PRON.3SG INF come		
 v-ditr-obPP│suAg_iobRec_obTh│TRANSFER
	Jack supplied us with fruits
 v-ditr-obWH│suAg_iobIntrlctr_obThsit│COMMUNICATION
	he tells me who comes
	PRON.3SG tell-3SG.PRES PRON.1SG WH come-3SG.PRES			
 v-ditr-obYN│suAg_iobIntrlctr_obThsit│COMMUNICATION
	he tells me whether they come
	PRON.3SG tell-3SG.PRES PRON.1PL whether they come			
 v-ditr-iobRefl_obEqIobInf│suAg_iobPermissee_obThsit│COMMITMENT
	Kathy allowed herself to come
	K. allow-3SG.PRES REFL INF come
 v-ditr-obEqIobBareinf│suAg_iobInterloc_obThsit│COMMITMENT
	Kathy bade him come
	K bid-3SG.PAST PRON.3SG come		
 v-ditr-obEqIobBareinf│suAg_iobPermissee_obThsit│PERMISSION
	Kathy let him come
	K let PRON.3SG come	
 v-ditr-suWH_obWH│suThsit_iobPrcvr_obThsit│ASSESS
	who comes first does not show us who comes last
	WH come-3SG.PRES first do-NEG show PRON.1PL WH come-3SG.PRES last
 v-ditr-suYN_obYN│suThsit_iobPrcvr_obThsit│ASSESS
	whether he comes first will show us whether they have a plan
	YN PRON.3SG come-3SG.PRES FUT show PRON.1PL WH PRON.3PL have DET plan
 v-ditrComp-cmpDECL│suAg_iobC  omit_obTh│CONDITIONALTRANSFER
	I bet you fifty cents he won’t come
	PRON.1SG bet-PRES fifty cents PRON.3SG  FUT.NEG come		
 v-ditrExpnSu-expnEqInf│obMeas│ASSESS
	it took me two hours to get there
	PRON.EXPL take-PAST PRON.1SG two hours INF get there
 v-ditrImpltransf│suCsr_iobAff_obTh│CAUSATIONwithCAUSINGENTITY
	The book cost me ten dollars
 v-ditrObl│suAg_iobRec_obTh_oblMeas│TRANSFER
	Jack sold me the car for fifty dollars
	J sell-PAST PRON.1SG DEF car for 50 dollars
 v-ditrObl│suAg_iobRec_obTh_oblTrgt│TRANSFER
	Jack paid Jane fifty dollars for the car
 v-ditrObl-iobPP│suAg_obTh_iobRec_oblMeas│TRANSFER
	Jack sold the car to Jane for fifty dollars
	J sell-PAST DEF car to J for fifty dollars
 v-ditrObl-iobPP│suAg_obTh_iobRec_oblTrgt│TRANSFER
	Jack paid fifty dollars to Jane for the car

 Copula:
 v-copAdj│suExper│SEMELFACTIVE  
	Jane is startled
 Jane be.SG.PRES startled 
 v-copAdj│suTh│PROPTY
	he is kind
	he be-PRES kind					
 v-copAdj-suAbsGer│suThsit│ASSESS
getting money for political favours is disgusting
get-GER money PREP political favours be-PRES disgusting
	running is healthy
	run-GER be-3SG.PRES  healthy	
 v-copAdj-suDECL│suThsit│ASSESS
	that he came at all is surprising
	COMP PRON.3SG at all be-3SG.PRES surprising
 v-copAdj-suInf│suThsit│ASSESS
	to err is human
	INF err be-3SG.PRES  human				
 v-copAdj-suWH│suThsit│ASSESS
	who will comes is uncertain
	WH FUT come be-3SG.PRES  uncertain			
 v-copAdj-suYN│suThsit│ASSESS
	whether he comes is uncertain
	WH PRON.3SG come-3SG.PRES be-3SG.PRES uncertain
 v-copAdjObl-oblEqSuGer│suAg_oblActivity│HABITUALACTIVITY
	Jane is busy (these days) with writing
	Jane  busy PREP write-GER 	
 v-copN│suTh│PROPTY
	he is a fool
	PRON.3SG be-3SG.PRES fool						
 v-copN-suAbsger│suThsit│ASSESS
	seeing him was a pleasure
	see-GER PRON.3SG be-3SG.PAST DET pleasure	
 v-copN-suDECL│suThsit│ASSESS
	that he came was a shock
	COMP PRON.3SG come-PAST be-PAST DET shock			
 v-copN-suWH│suThsit│ASSESS
	who should go is the question
	WH AUX go be-3SG.PRES DEF question			
 v-copN-suYN│suThsit│ASSESS
	whether he will come is a question
	YN PRON.3SG FUT come be-3SG.PAST DET question
 v-copPP│suTh│ASSESS
	the performance was beyond belief
	DEF performance be-3SG.PAST beyond belief
 v-copPP│suTh│EXHIBACTIVITY
The performance is in progress
DEF performance be.3SG.PRES in progress
 v-copPP-suDECL│suThsit│ASSESS
	that he came was beyond our expectations
	COMP PRON.3SG come-PAST be.3SG.PAST PRON.POSS.1PL expectations
 v-copPP-suWH│suThsit│ASSESS
	who may perform is under consideration 
	WH AUX perform be.3SG.PRES under consideration
 v-copPP-suYN│suThsit│ASSESS
	whether he may perform is under discussion 
	YN PRON.3SG AUX perform be.3SG.PRES under discussion
 v-copPredprtcl│suTh│ASSESS
	The man is like a god 
	DEF man be.3SG.PRES like DET god
	The result was as desired
	DEF result be.3SG.PAST as desired
 v-copPredprtcl-suAbsinf│suThsit│ASSESS
	to be there was like a dream 
	INF be there was like a dream				
 v-copPredprtcl-suAbsger│suThsit│ASSESS
	being there was like a dream
	be-GER there be.3SG.PAST like DET dream
 v-copPredprtcl-suWH│suThsit│ASSESS
	what he said was off the mark 
	WH PRON.3SG say-PAST be.3SG.PAST off DEF mark
 v-copExpnAdj-expnDECL│expnThsitɲASSESS
	it is sad that he leaves
	PRON.EXPL be.3SG.PRES sad COMP PRON.3SG leaves				
 v-copExpnAdj-expnAbsinf│expnThsit│ASSESS
	it is great to be healthy 
	it is great INF be healthy					
 v-copExpnAdj-expnYN│expnThsit╠ASSESS
	it is uncertain whether he comes 
	PRON.EXPL is uncertain whether he comes			
 v-copExpnAdj-expnWH│expnThsit│ASSESS
	it is uncertain who came 
	PRON.EXPL is uncertain who come-PAST		
 v-copExpnN-expnAbsinf│expnThsit│ASSESS
It is a chore to chop wood
PRON.EXPL be.3SG.PRES DET chore INF chop wood
 v-copExpnN-expnDECL│expnThsit│ASSESS
	it was a disappointment that he failed
	PRON.EXPL be.PAST DET disappointment COMP PRON.3SG fail-PAST		
 v-copExpnN-expnWH│expnThsit│ASSESS
	it is a question who will come 
	PRON.EXPL be DET question WH FUT come
 v-copExpnN-expnYN│expnThsit│ASSESS
	it is a question whether he will come 
	PRON.EXPL be.3SG.PRES DET question YN PRON.3SG FUT come
 v-copExpnNPredprt-expnAbsger│expnThsit│ASSESS
	there is an art to eating spaghetti 
	PRON.EXPL be.3SG.PRES DET art to eat-GER spaghetti
 v-copExpnPP-expnDECL│expnThsit│ASSESS
	it was in the third round that he lost
	PRON.EXPL be.PAST in DEF third round COMP PRON.3SG lose-PAST
 v-copExpnPredprtPP-expnDECL│expnThsit│ASSESS
It is out of the question that he comes
PRON.EXPL be.PAST out of DEF question COMP PRON.3SG come-3SG.PRES
 v-copExpnPredprtcl-expnDECL│expnThsit│ASSESS
	it is as well that he knows 
	PRON.EXPL be as well COMP he knows
 v-copImpersAdjLoc│ASSESS
	It is nice here 
	PRON.EXPL be.PRES nice here
 v-copImpersAdjLoc-locPP│ASSESS
	It is nice in Trondheim 
	PRON.EXPL be.PRES nice in T 
 v-copIdN│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY  
	this is the man 
	PRON.DEICT is DEF man				
 v-copIdAbsinf│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY
	the task is to finish it 
	DEF task be INF finish it
 v-copIdDECL│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY
	the problem is that he likes herring 
	DEF problem is COMP he likes herring
 v-copIdWH│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY
	the problem is who gets it
	DEF problem is WH gets it
 v-copIdYN│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY
	the problem is whether he eats meat 
	DEF problem is YN he eat-PRES meat
 v-copIdN-suDECL│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY
	that he picks up the letter is the signal
	COMP PRON.3SG picks up DEF letter be.3SG.PRES DEF signal
 v-copIdN-suAbsger│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY
	eating it is the last step
	eat-GER it be.PRES DEF last step			
 v-copIdAbsinf-suAbsinf│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY
	to eat hot dogs is to support the global economy	
	INF eat hot dogs be.3SG.PRES is INF support DEF global economy
 v-copIdAbsger-suAbsger│suIdfd_scIdfng│IDENTITY
	Eating local food is supporting local culture
	Eat-GER local food be.3SG.PAST support-GER local culture

 Auxiliary verbs:
 axv_intr-av1mod
	he can come
As a ‘root’ modal, this construction can also be represented as v-intrAuxmodComp-compEqBareinf-suAg_compThsit, and as an 
‘epistemic’ modal, as v-intrScpr-scSuNrg_scBareinf (see above)
 axv_intr-vPart│PERFECT
	he has come
	3SG have.PRES come.PRFPART						
 axv-intr-vPart│suAgmover│MOTION
	the boy is running
 	DEF boy AUX run-PRESPART