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Valency label 'SAS'

Revision as of 15:59, 12 February 2020 by Typecraft (Talk | contribs)


'SAS' stands for 'Syntactic Argument Structure' , and is a format for valency frame specification used in TypeCraft and MultiVal (Multilingual Verb Valence Lexicon). It is here illustrated with a few examples from English. A more comprehensive view of the system is given in Valency code illustrations, together with views of other labeling systems for valence, one of which is used in the Norwegian Computational Grammar Norsource; another view just showing the SAS classification is given in Valency label SAS for Norwegian. For use of SAS and the other codes in a corpus, see the page: Norwegian Valency Corpus.

SAS Labels

SAS Label Example in English Example in Norwegian Example in German
EXPL It rains.
EXPL+APpred+S It is nice that you came.
EXPL+APpred+adpos
EXPL+INF It starts to dawn.
EXPL+NP There sits a mouse.
EXPL+NP+Sdecl It surprises me that he came.
EXPL+NP+SquestWH It eludes me who came.
EXPL+NPpred+Sdecl It is a success that he came.
NP John sits.
NP+APpred He is cute.
NP+INF He tries to run.
NP+INF:equiSBJ He tries to run.
NP+INF:raisingSBJ He seems to run.
NP+NP He sees the danger.
NP+NP+APpred She makes the city happy.
NP+NP+INF:equiOBJ She asks John to run.
NP+NP+INF:equiSBJ She promises John to run.
NP+NP+INF:raisingOBJ She expects John to come.
NP+NP+NP She gives the boy a house.
NP+NP+NPpred She calls him a hero.
NP+NP+PP She tells a story about him.
NP+NP+PP+PP She tells a story to Peter about Pi.
NP+NP+PRTPpred:as She regards him as a hero.
NP+NP+Sdecl She tells him that he has lost.
NP+NP+SquestWH She tells him who lost.
NP+NP+SquestYN She tells him whether he has lost.
NP+NPpred He is a fool.
NP+NPrefl He perjures himself.
NP+NPrefl+NPpred He considers himself a hero.
Sdecl+NP That he came surprises me.



EXPL+NP+INF         
EXPL+NP+INF[equiOBJ]
EXPL+NP+NP          
EXPL+NP+NP+INF      
EXPL+NP+Sdecl       
EXPL+NP+SquestWH    
EXPL+NP+SquestYN    
EXPL+NP+adpos       
EXPL+NPpred+Sdecl   
EXPL+NPpred+SquestWH
EXPL+NPpred+SquestYN
EXPL+NPrefl+NP      
EXPL+NPrefl+NP+adpos
EXPL+NPrefl+S       
EXPL+NPrefl+Sdecl   
EXPL+NPrefl+SquestWH
EXPL+NPrefl+SquestYN
EXPL+NPrefl+adpos   
EXPL+NPrefl+adpos+NP
EXPL+PP+Sdecl       
EXPL+PP+SquestWH    
EXPL+PP+SquestYN    
EXPL+PP[Sdecl]      
EXPL+PP[SquestWH]+S&
EXPL+PP[SquestWH]+S&
EXPL+PP[SquestYN]+S&
EXPL+PP[SquestYN]+SquestYN
EXPL+PPpred+Sdecl   
EXPL+PPpred+SquestYN
EXPL+PRTP[S]        
EXPL+Sdecl          
EXPL+Squest         
EXPL+adpos          
EXPL+adpos+INF      
EXPL+adpos+NP       
EXPL+adpos+PP[S]    
EXPL+adpos+Sdecl    
INF        
INF+NP              
INF+NP+NP           
INF+NPpred          
INF+PP              
NP         
NP+ADVP+PP          
NP+ADVPpred         
NP+ADVPpred+NP      
NP+APpred           
NP+APpred+adpos     
NP+EXPL+INF         
NP+EXPL+S           
NP+EXPL+Sdecl       
NP+INF              
NP+INF:equiSBJ      
NP+INF:raisingSBJ   
NP+NP               
NP+NP+APpred        
NP+NP+INF:equiOBJ   
NP+NP+INF:equiSBJ   
NP+NP+INF:raisingOBJ
NP+NP+INF:raisingSBJ
NP+NP+NP            
NP+NP+NP+PP         
NP+NP+NPpred        
NP+NP+PP            
NP+NP+PP+PP         
NP+NP+PP[INF:equiOBJ]
NP+NP+PP[INF]       
NP+NP+PP[Sdecl]     
NP+NP+PP[Squest]    
NP+NP+PPpred        
NP+NP+PRTPpred:for  
NP+NP+PRTPpred:som  
NP+NP+PRTPpred:til  
NP+NP+Sdecl         
NP+NP+SquestWH      
NP+NP+SquestYN      
NP+NP+VPpass        
NP+NP+XPpred        
NP+NP+adpos         
NP+NPpred           
NP+NPrefl           
NP+NPrefl+ADVP      
NP+NPrefl+ADVPpred  
NP+NPrefl+APpred    
NP+NPrefl+INF:equiOBJ
NP+NPrefl+INF:raisSBJ
NP+NPrefl+INF:raisOBJ
NP+NPrefl+NP        
NP+NPrefl+NPpred    
NP+NPrefl+PP        
NP+NPrefl+PP[INF:equiOBJ
NP+NPrefl+PP[Sdecl] 
NP+NPrefl+PP[Squest]
NP+NPrefl+PRTP:for[INF:raisOBJ]
NP+NPrefl+PRTPpred:som
NP+NPrefl+PRTPpred:til
NP+NPrefl+S         
NP+NPrefl+SquestWH  
NP+NPrefl+SquestYN  
NP+NPrefl+XP:raisSBJ
NP+NPrefl+XPpred    
NP+NPrefl+adpos     
NP+PP               
NP+PP+NP            
NP+PP+PP            
NP+PP:til[INF:raisSBJ
NP+PP[INF:equiSBJ]  
NP+PP[Sdecl:som]    
NP+PP[Sdecl]        
NP+PP[Squest]       
NP+PP[refl]         
NP+PP[refl]+NP      
NP+PPpred           
NP+PRTPpred         
NP+PRTPpred:som     
NP+Sdecl            
NP+Squest           
NP+SquestWH         
NP+SquestYN         
NP+VP               
NP+VPpass           
NP+VPperf           
NP+XPpred           
NP+adpos            
NP+adpos+NP         
NP+adpos+PP:som[S]  
NP+adpos+PP[INF:equiSBJ]
NP+adpos+PRTP       
NP+adpos+S          
S+PP[Sdecl]         
Sdecl               
Sdecl+APpred        
Sdecl+NP            
Sdecl+NP+NP         
Sdecl+NP+PP         
Sdecl+NP+PP[Sdecl]  
Sdecl+NP+PP[Squest] 
Sdecl+NP+Sdecl      
Sdecl+NP+Squest     
Sdecl+NPpred        
Sdecl+PP            
Sdecl+PPpred        
Sdecl+Sdecl         
Sdecl+Squest        
Squest              
Squest+APpred       
Squest+NP           
Squest+NP+NP        
Squest+NP+Squest    
Squest+PP           
Squest+PP[Squest]   
Squest+Squest       
SquestWH+NPpred     
SquestYN+NPpred