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Difference between revisions of "Typological Features Template for Konkomba"

 
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'''by Mary Steele'''
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'''by Mary Steele''' of '''GILLBT''' Tamale, Ghana.          Email:Mary_Steele@sil.org
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
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|-
 
|-
 
|Tone
 
|Tone
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| Yes, but tones are not marked in the orthography. Some minimal tone pairs are marked by spelling, using a silent letter /h/  
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| Konkomba is a tonal language, but tone is not marked in the orthography. Some minimal tone pairs are marked by spelling, using a silent letter /h/  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Syllable Structure
 
|Syllable Structure
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| cv, cvv, cvc, cvvc, v, vv
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| cv, cvv, cvc, cvvc, v, vv, C (C is restricted to syllabic nasal only)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Morpho-syntactic Features'''
 
| '''Morpho-syntactic Features'''
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|In the following fields you describe some of the basic morpho-syntactic parameters of [your language]
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|In the following fields some of the basic morpho-syntactic parameters of Konkomba are described.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|morphological classification (1)
 
|morphological classification (1)
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|[Your language] could be an isolating language (not (or nearly not) making use of morphology, agglutinative, such as the Bantu languages of Africa, or synthetic, such as the Saami languages of Scandinavia, or even polysynthetic such as Greenlandic. In this field you classify [your language] according to these parameters if possible.
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|Konkomba is an isolating language rather than aglutinating. Most nouns have class affixes, some verbs have aspect markers, but apart from that most words consist of one morpheme.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|morphological classification (2)
 
|morphological classification (2)
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|Linguists have distinguished between head- and dependent-marking languages. Semitic languages are head marking languages; it is the head of the noun phrases that needs to have a special form when followed by a dependent noun; in the Germanic languages it is the head of the verb phrase that expresses person-number features of its subject. Grammatical dependencies on the other hand are in some of the Germanic languages expressed on the dependent noun phrases in form of case. [Your language] might be both, head- and dependent-marking, depending on the category of speech and or the type of feature expressed. This is what you can describe in this field.
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|Konkomba is both a head-marking and a dependent-marking language: in a noun phrase the possessive marker is attached to the possessed element, (head marking), but it is also dependent-marking in that it is the adjective that is marked in a descriptive noun phrase.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Nominal Phrases'''
 
|'''Nominal Phrases'''
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|In the following fields follows a description of some of the basic morpho-syntactic properties of nominal constituents
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|In the following fields there is a description of some of the basic morpho-syntactic properties of nominal constituents
 
|-
 
|-
 
|syntactic structure
 
|syntactic structure
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|linear order of elements in the noun phrase: N-ADJ/NUM-DET
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|Linear order of elements in the noun phrase: N-ADJ/NUM-DET
 
|-
 
|-
 
| nominal modification
 
| nominal modification
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|-
 
|-
 
|nominal specification
 
|nominal specification
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|In this field you indicate the basic types of specification. Does [your language] have determiners, demonstratives (deixis), numerals, quantifiers. Are there affixes expressing reference, deixis. Are there nouns or other elements expressing a portion of a noun that they co-occur with?
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|Konkomba has determiners, demonstratives, numerals and quantifiers.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|possession
 
|possession
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|In this field you describe how possession is expressed (for example, syntactically or by use of prepositions, through juxtaposition or morphologically) Does [your language] feature possessive pronouns? Possession is expressed by a possessive/associative particle which immediately follows the possessor and is affixed to the possessed element, replacing the class prefix (if present)of the possessed element. Konkomba distinguishes alienable and inalienable possession.
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| In Konkomba possession is expressed by a possessive/associative particle which immediately follows the possessor (if a noun) and is affixed to the possessed element, replacing the class prefix (if present)of the possessed element. Konkomba distinguishes alienable and inalienable possession.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|pronominal system
 
|pronominal system
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|In this field you indicate if [your language] has free pronoun forms? Are pronouns marked for their grammatical function (object versus subject pronouns)? Does your language have bound pronouns (affixes) or pronoun doubling? Are reflexives expressed by pronouns?
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|Konkomba has free pronoun forms. Some personal pronouns are marked for object. Pronouns have an emphatic form. There are bound pronouns, e.g. when followed by a negative morpheme or a possessive morpheme. There are reflexive pronouns.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Verbal Phrases'''
 
|'''Verbal Phrases'''
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|In the following fields serve for the description of some of the basic morpho-syntactic properties of verbal constituents
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|The Verbal Phrase consists of: optional tense marker/s, (T) followed by the Verb (V).
 
|-
 
|-
 
|word order
 
|word order
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|In this field you indicate the basic word order of your language (SOV, SOV ...)
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| SVO
 
|-
 
|-
 
|TAM  
 
|TAM  
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| Future, Imperfect, Perfect, Time-depth marker
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| Future, Imperfect, Perfect, Time-depth markers
 
|-
 
|-
 
|infinitival forms
 
|infinitival forms
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|In this field you indicate if [your language] makes use of an infinitive marker? How many infinitival forms does your language have?
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|Konkomba may use a verbal noun as Infinitive. Alternatively the Infinitive may be marked by a pre-verbal nasal with high tone.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|verbal constructions
 
|verbal constructions
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| In this field you indicate if [your language] has ditransitive constructions, serial verb constructions or complex verb forms composed of several verbs. Does your language have so called light verbs, perhaps only used to indicate a certain tense or aspect?
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| Konkomba has ditransitive constructions - Object and Indirect Object. There are also serial verb constructions composed of more than one verb (usually not more than two).
 
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Adpositions'''
 
|'''Adpositions'''
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|In this field you indicate if [your language[ makes use of prepositions or postpositions. Does your language have spatial nouns? Does your language use adpositions or particles to indicate grammatical relations between the verb and a nominal argument?
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|Konkomba has postpositions.  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Complementation'''
 
|'''Complementation'''
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| there is a lot on complementation, please check later.
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|Konkomba has descriptive Complement: (SVO - X is Y); Identity Complement: (Who is X?); and Quote Complement: X said What?
 
|-
 
|-
 
|'''Special Properties of Konkomba
 
|'''Special Properties of Konkomba
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[[Adverbial Conjunction in Konkomba]]

Latest revision as of 17:07, 21 December 2009

by Mary Steele of GILLBT Tamale, Ghana. Email:Mary_Steele@sil.org

Feature Description
Phonological Features
Vowel inventory a, aa, e, ee, i, ii, u, uu, o, oo, ɔ, ɔɔ
Vowel harmony Konkomba does not have vowel harmony.
Consonant inventory p, t, ch, f, b, d, g, gb, k, kp, p, h, j, l, m, n, ŋ, ŋm, r, s, w, y
Tone Konkomba is a tonal language, but tone is not marked in the orthography. Some minimal tone pairs are marked by spelling, using a silent letter /h/
Syllable Structure cv, cvv, cvc, cvvc, v, vv, C (C is restricted to syllabic nasal only)
Morpho-syntactic Features In the following fields some of the basic morpho-syntactic parameters of Konkomba are described.
morphological classification (1) Konkomba is an isolating language rather than aglutinating. Most nouns have class affixes, some verbs have aspect markers, but apart from that most words consist of one morpheme.
morphological classification (2) Konkomba is both a head-marking and a dependent-marking language: in a noun phrase the possessive marker is attached to the possessed element, (head marking), but it is also dependent-marking in that it is the adjective that is marked in a descriptive noun phrase.
Nominal Phrases In the following fields there is a description of some of the basic morpho-syntactic properties of nominal constituents
syntactic structure Linear order of elements in the noun phrase: N-ADJ/NUM-DET
nominal modification There are few adjectives in Konkomba. Often the Adjective is fused with the noun as a suffix, agreeing with the class of the noun.

The relative clause normally follows the head noun. The relative pronoun agrees with the noun it modifies in class and number.

nominal specification Konkomba has determiners, demonstratives, numerals and quantifiers.
possession In Konkomba possession is expressed by a possessive/associative particle which immediately follows the possessor (if a noun) and is affixed to the possessed element, replacing the class prefix (if present)of the possessed element. Konkomba distinguishes alienable and inalienable possession.
pronominal system Konkomba has free pronoun forms. Some personal pronouns are marked for object. Pronouns have an emphatic form. There are bound pronouns, e.g. when followed by a negative morpheme or a possessive morpheme. There are reflexive pronouns.
Verbal Phrases The Verbal Phrase consists of: optional tense marker/s, (T) followed by the Verb (V).
word order SVO
TAM Future, Imperfect, Perfect, Time-depth markers
infinitival forms Konkomba may use a verbal noun as Infinitive. Alternatively the Infinitive may be marked by a pre-verbal nasal with high tone.
verbal constructions Konkomba has ditransitive constructions - Object and Indirect Object. There are also serial verb constructions composed of more than one verb (usually not more than two).
Adpositions Konkomba has postpositions.
Complementation Konkomba has descriptive Complement: (SVO - X is Y); Identity Complement: (Who is X?); and Quote Complement: X said What?
Special Properties of Konkomba --


Adverbial Conjunction in Konkomba

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