Typological Features Template for Dioula
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By Aby Sangare
| Feature | Description |
| Traits phonologiques | Le dioula a 37 phonemes dont 23 consonnes et 14 voyelles. |
| Inventaire des voyelles | 7 voyelles orales : i e ɛ a ɔ o u
7 voyelles nasales : in en ɛn an ɔn on un |
| A propos de l'assimilation vocalique | Les pronoms du Dioula sont de nature vocalique et il existe une regle d'assimilation telle que le morpheme qui precede le pronom peut perdre sa propre colorarion et prendre celle du pronom. |
| Inventaire des consonnes | p b m t d n f v k g ŋ kp gb c ɟ ɲ s z r l ʃ j w |
| Les tons | Il existe 2 tons pontuels: un ton haut et un ton bas, qui lorsqu'ils se rencontrent sur une syllabe donnent un ton modulé dont la configuration dépend de l'ordre dans lequel le ton haut et le ton bas apparaissent. En plus de ces tons lexicaux, il existe un ton grammatical qui est la marque du défini et qui est bas. |
| Structure syllabique | Langue a syllabe ouverte, la principale structure est CV |
| Traits morpho-syntaxiques | In the following fields idescribe some of the basic morpho-syntactic parameters of [Dioula] |
| classification morphologique(1) | Le dioula est une langue consideree comme morphologiquement pauvre parce qu'il ne manifeste pas les marques d'accord qui caracterisent les langues a classes et ou tous les mots restent invariables quelle que soit leur fonction syntaxique. De ce point de vue, on peut les considerer comme isolantes. |
| classification morphologique(2) | Linguists have distinguished between head- and dependent-marking languages. Semitic languages are head marking languages; it is the head of the noun phrases that needs to have a special form when followed by a dependent noun; in the Germanic languages it is the head of the verb phrase that expresses person-number features of its subject. Grammatical dependencies on the other hand are in some of the Germanic languages expressed on the dependent noun phrases in form of case. [Your language] might be both, head- and dependent-marking, depending on the category of speech and or the type of feature expressed. This is what you can describe in this field. |
| syntagme nominal | In the following fields follows a description of some of the basic morpho-syntactic properties of nominal constituents |
| syntactic structure | la forme canonique du constituant nominal est :Base lexicale + morpheme marqueur. L'ordre dans le syntagme completif est determinant-determine, dans le syntagme qualificatif il est determine-determinant. Le constituant nominal minimal peut etre simplement une base nominale ou un pronom. |
| nominal modification | le nom peut etre determine grace a un adjectif, une relative, un numeral, quantifieur... |
| nominal specification | Le morpheme marqueur peut etre la marque de specification du defini, du pluriel, du demonstratif, du numeral, de l'indetermination, du partitif, pluralisateur... |
| possession | La construction du possessif tient compte de l'opposition alienable, non-alienable. Dans le cas de la possession non-alienable, le possesseur et le possede sont juxtaposes sans aucune marque les reliant; dans le cas de la possession alienable, un connectif (-ya ou -ta) s'intercale entre les deux.Il exste une forme "ta" qui a un fonctionnement de pronom. |
| pronominal system | Le Dioula a des pronoms personnels emphatiques et des pronoms personnels non-emphatiques.
formes non-emphatiques :1s(ń),2s(í),3s (à), 1pl (án), 2pl(á), 3pl (ù), anaphorique (o ) formes emphatiques: 1s (nné), 2s(ílé), 3s (àlé), 1pl(ánnúgú), 2pl (álúgú), 3pl (òlúgú) In this field you indicate if [your language] has free pronoun forms? Are pronouns marked for their grammatical function (object versus subject pronouns)? Does your language have bound pronouns (affixes) or pronoun doubling? Are reflexives expressed by pronouns? |
| Verbal Phrases | In the following fields serve for the description of some of the basic morpho-syntactic properties of verbal constituents |
| word order | In this field you indicate the basic word order of your language (SOV, SOV ...) |
| TAM | In this field you indicate which tense and/or aspects are morphologically or tonally marked; does [your language] make use of periphrastic tense or aspect constructions? |
| infinitival forms | In this field you indicate if [your language] makes use of an infinitive marker? How many infinitival forms does your language have? |
| verbal constructions | In this field you indicate if [your language] has ditransitive constructions, serial verb constructions or complex verb forms composed of several verbs. Does your language have so called light verbs, perhaps only used to indicate a certain tense or aspect? |
| Adpositions | In this field you indicate if [your language[ makes use of prepositions or postpositions. Does your language have spatial nouns? Does your language use adpositions or particles to indicate grammatical relations between the verb and a nominal argument? |
| Complementation | In this field you describe complementation strategies. Does [your language] make use of complementizers? |
| Special Properties of [your language] | In this field you should mention properties of [your language] which did not fit into any of the other categories mentioned in this template |