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Difference between revisions of "Typological Features Template for Attie"

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Revision as of 11:20, 6 May 2010

by Joseph Bogny

Attie (ISO 639-3: ati) is one of the languages of the Côte d’Ivoire.

Feature Description
Phonological Features
Vowel inventory Attie, the name used by Ethnologue for what its speakers call Akye has a system of nine oral vowels: a e i o u ɛ ɔ ʌ ɤ and five nasal ones:an,in, ɛn, ɔn, ʌn. According to my recent works, the last two oral vowels are phonetic realisations of respectively ɛ and e. In the verb system when e or ɛ is suffixed to u it becomes ɤ or ʌ. Although phonemic in the following example where: ku-e > ku-ɤ (to be old+Past); ku-ɛ > ku-ʌ (to be old+Imperfect), they are not phonemic from a strictly phonological point of view. For example instead of using <<ku-e > ku-ɤ speakers use ku-o and ku-ɔ(aperture assimilation), and so ɔ instead of ʌ which means the + round feature of 'u' which replaces the -round of ʌ.

Since I consider the nasal feature as a syllable feature I assume there are no nasal vowels in Akye. In conclusion the vowel system of Attie is: i e ɛ a u o ɔ. It is the same system as we find in Baule.

Vowel harmony Akye is not an ATR language. But we find [RO] (Round) and aperture harmony. Examples: ʃi-ɔ > ʃi-u > ʃu-u (ɔ took the aperture of i and changed into u in the middle realization; in the last realization, the Round feature of i is assimilated by the one of u so that i became round )]
Consonant inventory p, t, c, k, kp, h, b, d,l, ɟ, gb, s,v, ʃ, j, w , ts, tʃ, dz, dʒ
Tone Attie has three tones: H, M, L. We find and extra high tone as in Aŋlo but it is the merging of H tone associated with an immediate L or M tone. The three tones are lexical.
Syllable Structure The basic syllable structure of Akye is CV.
Morpho-syntactic Features Akye is an agglutinative language with both prefixes and suffixes.
derivational morphology (1) The usuals prefix are verb to noun derivation are a, o and e: a stands for Agent, o stands for Theme related to an animate referent and e stands for Theme related to an inanimate referent. Consider (1); (1a) shows the basic verb, while (1b) illustrates the deverbal nominal.


(1a) (1b)


inflectional morphology the usual suffix is a, e, or ɛ (for the derivation of verbs: e.g: bu "break" > bu-a "give the verdict"; bu "break"> bu-e "broken". Prefix are found with nouns and suffix with verbs. Sometimes they are so merged that we cannot distinguish them.

Most of the words in Attie are monosyllabic. They decline a variation from singular to plural.Only verbs with high vowel accept TAM markers. The other do not since non high vowels do not have glide in Attie. The suffix ɛ is the Imperfective Marker and the suffix e the Perfective Marker.

Nominal Phrases
Adjective(color), Adjective(quantity/quality) Noun ...... ...... Determiner
ba
syntactic structure In Attie the Definite is the last constituent of the Nominal Phrase. The Noun is the first constituent. Adjectives precede the Noun; Adjectives of color precede Adjectives of quality or quantity; Numerals follow Adjectives. The genetival morpheme precedes the Noun its determines. When the Nominal Phrase has no overt definite it cannot have a corresponding pronominal agreement.
abijan ʃukusɔn dze ʃuku
“Students of Abidjan went to school”
abijan
abijan
 
Np
ʃukusɔn
ʃukusɔn
schoolAGT
N
dze
dze
goVstem
V
ʃuku
ʃuku
school
N
*abijan ʃukusɔn ba dze ʃuku
“Students of Abidjan went to school.”
*abijan
*abijan
 
N
ʃukusɔn
ʃukusɔn
schoolAGT
N
ba
ba
They3PL
PN
dze
dze
goVstem
V
ʃuku
ʃuku
school
N
abijan ʃukusɔn ba ba dze ʃuku
“The Abijan students go to school”
abijan
abijan
 
Np
ʃukusɔn
ʃukusɔn
schoolAGT
N
ba
ba
DEF
PN
ba
ba
they3PL
PN
dze
dze
go
V
ʃuku
ʃuku
school
N
*abijan ʃukusɔn ba dze ʃuku
*abijan
*abijan
 
N
ʃukusɔn
ʃukusɔn
schoolAGT
N
ba
ba
DEF
PN
dze
dze
go
V
ʃuku
ʃuku
school
N
nsafu-ɔn o boka mpɛtɛ-ɔ
“The soldier helped the orphan”
ǹsáfùɔ̄ɔ̀n
nsafuɔn
soldierDEF
N
o
3SG
PN
bōkà
boka
helped
V
mpɛtɛɔ
mpɛtɛɔ
orphanDEF
N
nsafu-ɔn o mpɛtɛ boka-a
“The soldier's helping of the orphan”
ǹsáfùɔ̄ɔ̀n
ǹsáfùnɔ̄ɔ̀n
soldierFOCDEF
N
his3SGPOSS
PN
mɛ̀pɛ́tɛ̀
mɛ̀pɛ́tɛ̀
orphan
N
bókàāà
bókà
help DEF
N

The second structure is rejected because there is no Definite within the Nominal Phrase and yet it possess a corresponding pronominal agreement. The fourth structure is rejected because since the Nominal Phrase has a Def within it is not followed by a corresponding pronominal agreement. The last structure is the nominal corresponding of the previous which is a sentence.

nominal modification Nouns change from singular to plural. Most of the words in this language are monosyllabic. The vowel changes from singular to plural. The morpheme of the plural is ɔ. (e.g. Tsabi "human being" > tsabi-ɔ "human beings"). Some of them change their form: e.g. Bi "child" > vin "children"
nominal specification
possession
pronominal system
Verbal Phrases
word order Attie is an SVO language; but in the inaccomplish Aspect the object precede the Verb; in this case the VP has the same pattern as the lexical structure of the Verb.
TAM
infinitival forms
verbal constructions
Adpositions
Complementation
Special Properties