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Revision as of 16:06, 18 February 2016

--Lars Hellan 10:18, 22 December 2013 (UTC)

These are annotations using the Construction Labeling system (cf. Verbconstructions cross-linguistically - Introduction) applied to selected examples from Bangla, conducted by Gautam Sengupta and Lars Hellan in the Spring 2009. (The text annotation itself is found on http://typecraft.org/TCEditor/914/.)

The page is at the outset a duplicate of Bangla constructions log page, but is intended as a comment and discussion page relative to that page.


1. v-intr-suNom

(verb-headed intransitive, with subject in Nominative case)

তুমি হাঁচলে
“You sneezed”
tumi
tumi
you2SG
PN
hā̃cle
hā̃cle
sneezePAST2p
V


2. v-copA-suNom

(verb-headed with copula, with subject in Nominative case and adjective heading the predicative)

তুমি বোকা
“You are stupid”
tumi
tumi
you2SG
PN
bokā
bokā
stupid
ADJ


3. v-copA-STATE

জানলাটা খোলা
“the window is open”
jānlāṭa
janlāṭā
windowCL
N
kholā
kholā
 V>ADJ
ADJ


4. v-intr-suNom-CHANGEofSTATE

আম পেকেছে
“The mango has ripened”
ām
ām
mango
N
pekeche
pekeche
ripenCMPLPRES3P
V


5. vvSuMover-v1intr-v2intr-MOTIONDOWN

(vv-sequence whose shared subject is Mover, and where both verbal parts are intransitive)

আমি পড়ে গেলাম
“I fell down”
āmi
āmi
I1SG
PN
paṛe
poṛe
fallCMPL
V
gelām
gelām
go1P
V2


6. v-trNV-suGen_obBaresg-suExp-STATE

trNV signifies a construction where the apparent object is idiomatically fused with the verb, so that in a semantic representation there would be only one argument, and the predicate would be a fusion of the verb and the noun predicate. The object is always a bare singular.

আমার মাথা ধরেছে
“I have a headache”
amar
amar
myPOSS
PN
matha
matha
head
N
ghoreche
dhoreche
catchCMPLPRES3P
V


7. v-intr-suInf

আমাকে যেতে হবে
“I will have to go/leave”
amake
amake
meOBJ
PN
jete
jete
goINF
V
hObe
hObe
 FUT3P
V


8. cvSuIDALLsuAg-v1tr-v1obAff-v2trNV-EVENTSEQ

('conjoined participle verb series' with shared subject having Agent role throughout, where V1 is transitive with an affected object, and V2 is an 'NV'-transitive xtructure, and where the whole sequence expresses a series of events)

আমি ভাত খেয়ে বাড়ি যাবো
“I will eat rice and go home”
ami
ami
I1SG
PN
bhat
bhat
rice
N
khee
khee
eatCMPL
V
baRi
baRi
home
N
jabo
jabo
goFUT1P
V


9. cv-v1intr-v1suTh-v2vvSuMover-v2v1intr-v2v2intr-EVENTSEQ

(cv-series whose first part is intransitive, and whose second part is a vv-sequence each part of which is intransitive, and with an agentive subject)

Notice that unlike the previous case, the subject of V1 and V2 of this cv are not identical.

আমি চেয়ার ভেঙে পড়ে গেলাম
“The chair having broken I fell down”
ami
ami
1SG
PN
cear
cear
chair
N
bheMe
bheMe
breakCMPL
V
poRe
poRe
fallCMPL
V
gelam
gelam
go1PPAST
V2


10. cvSuIDALLsuAg-v1tr_v1obTh-v2tr_v2obAff-EVENT_INSTR

(cv series with identical, agentive subjects, whose over-all meaning is an event in which the first V expresses an instrument)

আমি ছুরি দিয়ে আপেল কাটবো
“I will cut the apple with a knife”
ami
ami
1SG
PN
churi
churi
knife
N
die
die
giveCMPL
V
apel
apel
apple
N
kaTbo
kaTbo
cutFUT1P
V


11. v-trScpr-suGen_scObNrg-suExp_obTh-PSYCHSTATE

(transitive with a secondary predicate, which is predicated of the object, which in turn is a non-argument, i.e., not a semantic argument relative to the verb (but relative to the secondary predicate))

আমার ওকে ভালো লাগে
“I like him”
amar
amar
1SGGEN
PN
oke
oke
3SGOBJ
PN
bhalo
 
good
ADJ
lage
lage
feel3PHAB
V


12. v-tr-obEqInf

(transitive whose object is an infinitive with 'equi'-reading, i.e., an understood subject identical to the matrix subject)

আমি বাড়ি যেতে চাই
“I want to go home”
ami
ami
1SGNOM
PN
baRi
baRi
house
N
jete
jete
goINF
V
cai
cai
want1PHAB
V


13. v-trScpr-scObNrg_scBareinf

আমি ওকে যেতে দেখলাম
“I saw him go/leave”
ami
ami
1SG
PN
oke
oke
3SG 
PN
jete
jete
goINF
V
dekhlam
dekhlam
see1PPAST
V


14. vCaus-trLghtOblCs-suCsr_oblCsee_oblV

(the head is a verb whose form includes a causative formative; the construction is of type 'transitive light' plus an oblique constituent, where the subject is the Causer and the oblique expresses the Causee, and where the head of the oblique is a verb)

trLght has the definition 'transitive light verb whose complement is an NP expressing an event-type performed (or in other ways operated on) by the subject.' (Ex. Eng.: he makes progress.) The combination N - V is here not idiomatic, hence not an instance of trNV.
আমি ওকে দিয়ে কাজ করাচ্ছি
“I am making him work (for me)”
ami
ami
1SG
PN
oke
oke
3SGOBJ
PN
die
die
giveCMPL
V
kaj
kaj
work
N
kOracchi
kOracchi
doCAUSCONT1PPRES
V


15. v-tr-obDECL

আমি দেখলাম যে ও কাজ করছে
“I saw that he was working”
ami
ami
1SGNOM
PN
dekhlam
dekhlam
see1PPAST
V
je
je
thatCOMPL
COMP
o
o
3SGNOM
PN
kaj
kaj
work
N
korche
korche
doCONT3PPRES
V


16. v-trCrc

trCrc stands for transitive with a correlative clause, that is, a plain transitive construction, preceded by a correlative clause with pronouns matching pronouns in the main clause.

যে যা চায় সে তা পায় না
“Nobody gets what he wants”
je
je
3SGNOMHUM
PNrel
ja
ja
3SGINANIM
PNrel
caY
caY
want
V
Se
Se
3SGNOM
PN
ta
ta
3SG
 
paY
paY
get
V
na
na
NEG
 


17. v-intr-suNomVtrCrc

suNomVtrCrc = subject is a nominalization of a transitive clause with a correlative construction

যে যখন যা চাইবে তাকে তখন তা দেওয়া হবে
je
je
3SGHUM
PNrel
jOkhon
jOkhon
whenATV
PNrel
ja
ja
3SGINANIM
PNrel
caibe
caibe 
want3PFUT 
V
take
take
3SGOBJ
PN
tOkhon
tOkhon
then
ADVm
ta
ta
that3PINANIM
PN
dewa
dewa
giveV>N
V
hObe
hObe
be3PFUT
V


18. v-intr-suInf

তোমার যাওয়া হবে না
“Your will not be able to go/leave”
tomar
tomar
3SGGEN
PN
jawa
jawa
goV>N
N
hObe
hObe
be3PFUT
V
na
na
NEG
PRT


19. v-intr-suInf

তোমাকে যেতে হবে
“You will have to go”
tomake
tomake
2SGOBJ
PN
jet
jete
goINF
V
hObe
hObe
be3PFUT
V


20. v-tr-obEqBareinf

তুমি যেতে পারবে
“You will be able to go/leave”
tumi
tumi
2SGNOM
PN
jete
jete
goINF
V
parbe
parbe
can2pFUT
V


21. v-trLghtObl-oblPostp

আমি তোমার জন্য অপেক্ষা করব
“I will wait for you”
ami
ami
1SGNOM
PN
tomar
tomar
2SGGEN
PN
jonno
jonno
for
PPOST
Opekkha
Opekkha
wait
N
korbo
korbo
do1PFUT
V


22. v-tr-obPostp_obLoc

নয়ন আমার পাশে বসবে
“Nayan will sit beside me”
nOYon
nOYon
Nayan
Np
amar
amar
1SGGEN
PNposs
paSe
paSe
sideLOC
N
boSbe
boSbe
sit3PFUT
V


23. v-tr-obPostp_obLoc_obSpecPostp

নয়ন আমার পাশের ঘরে বসবে
“Nayan will sit in the room next to mine”
nOYon
nOYon
Nayan
Np
amar
amar
1SGGEN
PNposs
paSer
paSer
sideGEN
N
ghOre
ghOre
roomLOC
N
boSbe
boSbe
sit3PFUT
V


24. a-intrObl-oblPostp-COMPARISON

রুমি আমার চেয়ে লম্বা
“Rumi is taller than me”
rumi
rumi
Rumi
Np
amar
amar
1SGGEN
PNposs
cee
cee
than
PPOST
lOmba
lOmba
tall
ADJ


25. v-trLght-obNomVtrObl

রুমি আমার থেকে অনেক টাকা ধার করেছে
“Rumi has borrowed a lot of money from me”
rumi
rumi
Rumi
Np
amar
amar
1SG
PNposs
theke
theke
from
PPOST
Onek
Onek
much
ADJ
Taka
Taka
money
N
dhar
dhar
borrowing
N
koreche
koreche
doCMPL3PPRES
V


26. cv3suIDALLsuAg-v1tr-v2tr-v3intr

আমি বাড়ি গিয়ে ভাত খেয়ে ঘুমাবো
“I will go home, eat rice and sleep”
ami
ami
1SG
PN
baRi
baRi
home
N
gie
gie
goCMPL
V
bhat
bhat
rice
N
khee
khee
eatCMPL
V
ghumabo
ghumabo 
sleep  
V
 
  
  
 


আমি বাড়ি গিয়ে ভাত খেয়ে ঘুমিয়ে পড়ব
āmi
আমি
 
 
bāṛi
বাড়ি
 
 
giye
গিয়ে
 
 
bhāt
ভাত
 
 
kheye
খেয়ে
 
 
ghumiye
ঘুমিয়ে
 
 
paṛba
পড়ব