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Difference between revisions of "Runyankore-Rukiga Corpus"

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'''The Runyankore-Rukiga <ref>Runyakitara is standard language based on four closely related languages of western Uganda. These four languages are ((Ru)nyore, (Ru)tooro, (Ru)nyankore, and (Ru)kiga. These languages are spoken in south-western Uganda    by approximately 6 million people according to the Uganda National Population and Housing Census  report    (2014). (Ru)nyankore (ISO 639-3 nyn) and  (Ru)kiga (ISO 639-3 cgg ) are spoken in the Ankola and the Kigeza region respectively. Here we refer to (Ru)nyankore, and (Ru)kiga as Runyankore-Rukiga. </ref> Corpus is a  Interlinear Text Corpus  which has been designed to support linguistic studies of the language. On this page we describe the corpus and we make available downloads of sentence collections which were created to inform the study of specific construction types of the language.
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'''The Runyankore-Rukiga <ref>Runyakitara is a standard language based on four closely related languages of western Uganda. These four languages are (Ru)nyore, (Ru)tooro, (Ru)nyankore, and (Ru)kiga. These languages are spoken in south-western Uganda    by approximately 6 million people, according to the Uganda National Population and Housing Census  report    (2014). (Ru)nyankore (ISO 639-3 nyn) and  (Ru)kiga (ISO 639-3 cgg ) are spoken in the Ankola and the Kigeza region, respectively.  
'''
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Here we refer to (Ru)nyankore, and (Ru)kiga as Runyankore-Rukiga. </ref>  
  
'''Go to  [[#Description of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus|descriptive section]] to learn more about the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus.  
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The TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga Corpus consists of interlinear glossed examples;  its size and the structure is described below.  
'''
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'''To download the Locative expression sentence collection go the [[#Download|Download section]]'''
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'''To view the corpus online go to text 4510 in the TypeCraft database: https://typecraft.org/tc2/ntceditor.html#4510'''
 
  
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'''A  collection of locative expressions in this language can be downloaded from  [https://doi.org/10.18710/YPHCNA  Dataverse NO] where you also find instructions about how to use the data in your own project.'''
  
===Data collections===
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'''The data package is a supplement to the following publication: Beermann, Dorothee and Allen Asiimwe. (to appear 2021) Locatives in Runyankore-Rukiga. In: Marten, Lutz, Hannah Gibson and Rozenn Guérois (eds). ''Current Approaches to morphosyntactic variation in Bantu. '' Oxford University Press.'''
The material available for download from this site are small-sized linguistic data collections of several hundred sentences which were created using the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus. <ref>TypeCraft allows users to create their own sentence collections from an existing corpus which makes it possible for them to apply new annotations to already annotated data.</ref>. This way users are able to prepare data sets choosing examples from the corpus to apply customized additional labeling, thus applying attributes and extracting wordlists that suit their research.  
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====Locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga - A data collection====
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'''To view the interlinear glossed examples in that package  online, please go to text 4510 in the TypeCraft database: https://typecraft.org/tc2/ntceditor.html#4510'''
The Locative expressions data collection consists of around 600 sentences. The data is a collection of examples selected from the Runyankore-Rukiga corpus where they were extracted through a query for the locative words "omu", "aha" and their long forms "ahari" and "omuri" . The examples reflect work between 2010 and approximately 2015 by different graduate students in linguistics. The Locative expression collection was created in 2018 by by Allen Asiimwe and Dorothee Beermann.
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==== Download ====
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====Locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga - A data collection====
 
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The entire collection of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga consists of around 600 sentences which have been selected from the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus . The material was collected and annotated between 2010 and 2015 by  graduate students in linguistics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).  
[[File:ZipFile.jpg]]
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[[File: RR loc15-03-2020 300.zip]] 
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The zip file consists of 300 sentences in TC-XML format. The TC locative subcorpus is an aggregation of 664 sentences which have been extracted from the TC-Runyankore-Rukiga corpus described below.
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[[File:ZipFile.jpg]]
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[[File: RR loc15-03-2020 300-EXCEL.zip]] 
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The Excel version of the material contains the linguistic information of the TC-XML minus some database internal bookkeeping information.
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| The initial vowel, augment or pre-prefix, is a morpheme that is prefixed to the noun class prefix of nouns in Bantu.
 
| The initial vowel, augment or pre-prefix, is a morpheme that is prefixed to the noun class prefix of nouns in Bantu.
 
|-
 
|-
|3SG.SM (third person subject marker)
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|3SG.SM (third-person subject marker)
 
|SM (subject marker)
 
|SM (subject marker)
 
| The SM agrees with the noun class features of the preverbal subject. In cases of pro-drop the person/number features are added to the SM marker
 
| The SM agrees with the noun class features of the preverbal subject. In cases of pro-drop the person/number features are added to the SM marker
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===Description of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus===
 
===Description of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus===
 
====Creation ====
 
====Creation ====
The TypeCraft  Runyankore-Rukiga corpus of which the data presented here is a part, consists of narratives and short stories, as well as elicited data. Texts are either transcriptions of oral narratives or fragments of newspaper texts from the Runyankore-Rukiga weekly newspaper ''Orumuri''. <ref>Today Orumuri can still be found on Facebook [https://www.facebook.com/orumuri/ Orumuri], but most of the articles presented are now in English. </ref> We also digitised sections taken from the novel Abagyenda Bareeba ‘Adventures of travelers' by Mubangizi (1997) <ref>Mubangizi, B.K.(1997) Abagyenda Bareeba. Memorial Single Volume. Kisubi: Marianum Press.</ref>.
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The TypeCraft  Runyankore-Rukiga corpus, of which the data presented here is a part, consists of narratives and short stories, as well as elicited data. Texts are either transcriptions of oral narratives or fragments of newspaper texts from the Runyankore-Rukiga weekly newspaper ''Orumuri''. <ref>Today, Orumuri can still be found on Facebook [https://www.facebook.com/orumuri/ Orumuri], but most of the articles presented are now in English. </ref> We also digitised sections taken from the novel Abagyenda Bareeba ‘Adventures of travelers' by Mubangizi (1997) <ref>Mubangizi, B.K.(1997) Abagyenda Bareeba. Memorial Single Volume. Kisubi: Marianum Press.</ref>.
The data was created by native-speaker linguistics graduates as part of their class work, or in the context of their master’s thesis between 2006 and 2013. The creation process was a collaborative effort coordinated by the principal investigators Dr. Allen Asiimwe (Makerere University, Uganda) and Prof. Dorothee Beermann (NTNU, Trondheim) . The main student contributors were Justus Turamyomwe, Misah Natumanya and Allen Asiimwe. The collection has been extended continuously. For a closer look at the entire corpus please go to the TypeCraft.database. <ref>You can search the TypeCraft database from the navigation bar on the left side of your browser window. Select from the TypeCraft Tools menu, Search Texts, then specify the Language, and Press ENTER.</ref>.
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The data was created by native-speaker linguistics graduates as part of their class work, or in the context of their master’s thesis between 2006 and 2013. The creation process was a collaborative effort coordinated by the principal investigators Dr. Allen Asiimwe (Makerere University, Uganda) and Prof. Dorothee Beermann (NTNU, Trondheim). The main student contributors were Justus Turamyomwe, Misah Natumanya and Allen Asiimwe. The collection has been extended continuously. For a closer look at the entire corpus, please go to the TypeCraft.database. <ref>You can search the TypeCraft database from the navigation bar on the left side of your browser window. Select from the TypeCraft Tools menu, Search Texts, then specify the Language, and Press ENTER.</ref>.
  
 
==== Size and Format====
 
==== Size and Format====
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The TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus consists of 143 426 words, corresponding to 28 057 sentences.  Gries & Berez (2017) <ref>Gries, Stefan Th., Berez Andrea, L. (2017) Linguistic Annotations in/for Corpus Linguistics. In: Ide, Nancy, Pustejovsky, James (eds) ''Handbook of Linguistics Annotation'', Springer.</ref>mention that corpora that are documentary-linguistic in nature, which also applies to this corpus, tend to be small compared with standard corpora. Data collecting is slow and depends on the individual effort of linguists working together with local communities. Creating a balanced or representative corpus is often difficult (Gries & Berez, p.381),  
 
The TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus consists of 143 426 words, corresponding to 28 057 sentences.  Gries & Berez (2017) <ref>Gries, Stefan Th., Berez Andrea, L. (2017) Linguistic Annotations in/for Corpus Linguistics. In: Ide, Nancy, Pustejovsky, James (eds) ''Handbook of Linguistics Annotation'', Springer.</ref>mention that corpora that are documentary-linguistic in nature, which also applies to this corpus, tend to be small compared with standard corpora. Data collecting is slow and depends on the individual effort of linguists working together with local communities. Creating a balanced or representative corpus is often difficult (Gries & Berez, p.381),  
  
Most corpus analyses are based on creating frequency lists. Typical for such word lists is a frequency profile where function words are most frequent followed by content words. Looking at the 20 most frequent word forms in the RR TC-corpus most of these words in fact belong to the functional word classes.
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Most corpus analyses are based on creating frequency lists. Typical for such word lists is a frequency profile where function words are most frequent followed by content words. Looking at the 20 most frequent word forms in the RR TC-corpus, most of these words in fact belong to the functional word classes.
  
  
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The TypeCraft editor supports the in-depth word-by-word annotation for which TypeCraft platform provides a list of over 300 glosses. Projects working with TypeCraft can ask for customised glossing lists. For the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga we worked with TypeCraft's standard Glossing list, using 74 different tags. 13 different noun class tags were used, and the two most frequently used glosses are ''Initial-''  and ''Final-Vowel''. The legend of the pie chart in Figure 1 lists the Glosses in the order of their frequency from the left to the right, starting from the top.  
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The TypeCraft editor supports the in-depth word-by-word annotation, for which TypeCraft platform provides a list of over 300 glosses. Projects working with TypeCraft can ask for customised glossing lists. For the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga we worked with TypeCraft's standard Glossing list, using 74 different tags. 13 different noun class tags were used, and the two most frequently used glosses are ''Initial-''  and ''Final-Vowel''. The legend of the pie chart in Figure 1 lists the Glosses in the order of their frequency from the left to the right, starting from the top.  
  
 
Short definitions of the Gloss symbols can be found here: [https://typecraft.org/tc2wiki/Special:TypeCraft/GlossTags/ TypeCraft GLOSS tags].
 
Short definitions of the Gloss symbols can be found here: [https://typecraft.org/tc2wiki/Special:TypeCraft/GlossTags/ TypeCraft GLOSS tags].

Revision as of 11:29, 23 June 2021

The Runyankore-Rukiga [1]

The TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga Corpus consists of interlinear glossed examples; its size and the structure is described below.


A collection of locative expressions in this language can be downloaded from Dataverse NO where you also find instructions about how to use the data in your own project.

The data package is a supplement to the following publication: Beermann, Dorothee and Allen Asiimwe. (to appear 2021) Locatives in Runyankore-Rukiga. In: Marten, Lutz, Hannah Gibson and Rozenn Guérois (eds). Current Approaches to morphosyntactic variation in Bantu. Oxford University Press.


To view the interlinear glossed examples in that package online, please go to text 4510 in the TypeCraft database: https://typecraft.org/tc2/ntceditor.html#4510


Locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga - A data collection

The entire collection of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga consists of around 600 sentences which have been selected from the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus . The material was collected and annotated between 2010 and 2015 by graduate students in linguistics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).


Annotations and Leipzig Glossing Rules

The Leipzig Glossing Rules (link title) are a widely accepted standard for interlinear morpheme glossing. A few of these glosses have been adapted to the specifics of Bantu-morphology. In addition, some 'older glosses' have been kept since they had a higher acceptance among local Bantuist scholars.

Notable differences are:

TC-gloss LGR-gloss Category
IV (initial vowel) AUG (augment) The initial vowel, augment or pre-prefix, is a morpheme that is prefixed to the noun class prefix of nouns in Bantu.
3SG.SM (third-person subject marker) SM (subject marker) The SM agrees with the noun class features of the preverbal subject. In cases of pro-drop the person/number features are added to the SM marker
PAST (PASTim = immediate past, PASThst = historical past) PST The immediate or recent past refers to a time range from yesterday to days ago. What counts as recent past is determined culturally.
Note TC annotations distinguish between different clitic types, such as locative (CLITloc), temporal (CLITtemp), or pronominal clitics (CLITpron). Our digital data makes does not make use of the "=" sign to indicate clitics.



Description of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus

Creation

The TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus, of which the data presented here is a part, consists of narratives and short stories, as well as elicited data. Texts are either transcriptions of oral narratives or fragments of newspaper texts from the Runyankore-Rukiga weekly newspaper Orumuri. [2] We also digitised sections taken from the novel Abagyenda Bareeba ‘Adventures of travelers' by Mubangizi (1997) [3]. The data was created by native-speaker linguistics graduates as part of their class work, or in the context of their master’s thesis between 2006 and 2013. The creation process was a collaborative effort coordinated by the principal investigators Dr. Allen Asiimwe (Makerere University, Uganda) and Prof. Dorothee Beermann (NTNU, Trondheim). The main student contributors were Justus Turamyomwe, Misah Natumanya and Allen Asiimwe. The collection has been extended continuously. For a closer look at the entire corpus, please go to the TypeCraft.database. [4].

Size and Format

The TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus consists of 143 426 words, corresponding to 28 057 sentences. Gries & Berez (2017) [5]mention that corpora that are documentary-linguistic in nature, which also applies to this corpus, tend to be small compared with standard corpora. Data collecting is slow and depends on the individual effort of linguists working together with local communities. Creating a balanced or representative corpus is often difficult (Gries & Berez, p.381),

Most corpus analyses are based on creating frequency lists. Typical for such word lists is a frequency profile where function words are most frequent followed by content words. Looking at the 20 most frequent word forms in the RR TC-corpus, most of these words in fact belong to the functional word classes.


Table 1. Most frequent 20 words in the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus

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Annotations and Standards

We have used two layers of annotation for the labeling of the RR-corpus. Traditionally linguists do not consistently annotate examples for word class, but in the wake of the Digital Humanities leading to a closer cooperation between linguistics and computer scientist, POS-tagged corpora from linguistic work have become more common. Short definitions of the POS symbols can be found here: TypeCraft POS tags

Table 2. Part of Speech tags used for the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga'

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The TypeCraft editor supports the in-depth word-by-word annotation, for which TypeCraft platform provides a list of over 300 glosses. Projects working with TypeCraft can ask for customised glossing lists. For the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga we worked with TypeCraft's standard Glossing list, using 74 different tags. 13 different noun class tags were used, and the two most frequently used glosses are Initial- and Final-Vowel. The legend of the pie chart in Figure 1 lists the Glosses in the order of their frequency from the left to the right, starting from the top.

Short definitions of the Gloss symbols can be found here: TypeCraft GLOSS tags.


Figure 1. Glosses used for the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga

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  1. Runyakitara is a standard language based on four closely related languages of western Uganda. These four languages are (Ru)nyore, (Ru)tooro, (Ru)nyankore, and (Ru)kiga. These languages are spoken in south-western Uganda by approximately 6 million people, according to the Uganda National Population and Housing Census report (2014). (Ru)nyankore (ISO 639-3 nyn) and (Ru)kiga (ISO 639-3 cgg ) are spoken in the Ankola and the Kigeza region, respectively. Here we refer to (Ru)nyankore, and (Ru)kiga as Runyankore-Rukiga.
  2. Today, Orumuri can still be found on Facebook Orumuri, but most of the articles presented are now in English.
  3. Mubangizi, B.K.(1997) Abagyenda Bareeba. Memorial Single Volume. Kisubi: Marianum Press.
  4. You can search the TypeCraft database from the navigation bar on the left side of your browser window. Select from the TypeCraft Tools menu, Search Texts, then specify the Language, and Press ENTER.
  5. Gries, Stefan Th., Berez Andrea, L. (2017) Linguistic Annotations in/for Corpus Linguistics. In: Ide, Nancy, Pustejovsky, James (eds) Handbook of Linguistics Annotation, Springer.