This page describes resources related to the Norwegian Valence Catalogue NorVal.
An exhaustive description is given in:
Hellan, Lars, 2021. A valence catalogue for Norwegian. (In Loukanova (ed) Natural Language Processing in Artificial Intelligence - NLPinAI 2021. Springer. (To appear)
with exemplifying files in:
Supplementary Data for 'A valence catalogue for Norwegian': https://doi.org/10.18710/8U3L2U.
Overview
NorVal represents the valence frames of about 6300 Norwegian verbs. The number of frame types used in their classification is about 300, representing valence profiles like intransitive, transitive, ditransitive, copular, and more;
grammatical functions such as ‘subject’, ‘object’, etc.;
for an argument to be noun-headed vs. being an embedded clause (declarative, interrogative, or infinitival, in canonical or ‘extraposed’ position);
for an argument to relate syntactically and semantically to the same predicate or not;
occurrence of particles;
all basic structures of ‘Logical Form’ as far as argument structure is reflected.
Not included in the lexical descriptions are senses, in the sense of definitions, paraphrases or synonyms, hence it is not a dictionary in the normal sense. For this reason, and due to its stripped-down formalism, we rather call it a valence catalogue.
Given that a verb can have more than one valence frame, a valence resource needs two kinds of entries, viz. entries for verb lemmas, and entries for a verb with a given frame; the latter we refer to as a ‘lexically instantiated valence frame’, for short '‘lexval'’. The former we refer to as a valpod.
Lexvals
The format of a lexval entry is illustrated by one of the frame environments for the verb lemma huske ‘remember’ in (2), instantiating the general coding pattern in (1):
(1) Schema of a lexval:
Lemma – selectedItem (if any) __ FrameType
(2) Example of a lexval:
huske-på__intrObl-oblDECL
(2) reads as an entry with the lemma huske, the selected item på (‘on’), and the frame type ‘'intransitive with oblique'’, where the oblique argument consists of the preposition på and a declarative clause, as in (3):
(3) Han husket på at det var søndag ‘He remembered that it was Sunday’
Valpods
The format of a multivalent verb lemma entry is illustrated in (4), where each constituting lexval is represented with ‘V’ as placeholder for the lemma (‘'EqSuInf’' stands for ‘infinitive equi-controlled by subject’). The structure of a valpod is essentially a set, although represented with ordering conventions among its members (e.g., intransitives before transitives).
(4) huske:V__intr & V-på__intrObl-oblDECL & V-på__intrObl-oblEqSuInf & V-på__intrObl-oblINTERR & V-på__intrObl-oblN & V__tr & V__tr-obDECL & V__tr-obEqSuInf & V__tr-obINTERR
There are as many valpods as there are lemmas, i.e., 6300; the number of multi-membered valpods (like (4)) is about 3360.
Frame types
The notation for frame types uses the system Construction Labeling (‘CL’) (cf. Hellan and Dakubu 2010, Dakubu and Hellan 2017, and Hellan 2019), which characterizes verb-headed constructions and verb valence frames through strings of symbols built up in the following way:
Head-POS – GlobalLabel – ArgumentLabel1- ArgumentLabel2 - …
An ArgumentLabel describes a constituent of the construction or frame, while a GlobalLabel represents a categorization of the construction or frame as a whole.
Thus, for the description of the object of a clause or frame we use an ArgumentLabel, while in characterizing the clause or frame as a whole as transitive we use a GlobalLabel.
ArgumentLabels are composed of a prefix indicating the grammatical function (GF) of the constituent, followed by one or more parts indicating inherent properties of the constituent. For instance, obDECL is an ArgumentLabel with ob as GF-indicating prefix and DECL indicating that the constituent is a declarative clause.
GlobalLabels consist minimally of a symbol for overall valence, such as tr for ‘transitive’, in many cases with additional symbols indicating further structure. Thus, the frame representation intrObl-oblDECL in (2) has intrObl as GlobalLabel.
The number of ArgumentLabels and GlobalLabels is fairly large, and it is essential that the meaning they carry is in each case concise and transparent. (Moreover, to be better navigable and understandable, entries using the notations ought to be accompanied by illustrations, such as short exemplifying sentences.)
Files
The resource concretely consists of five files, as follows:
'lexvals-pure': a list of currently 15,753 lexval entries in the style of (2) above;
'lexvals-exemplified': the same entries as in ‘lexvals-pure’, exemplified with a short sentence;
'multivals': a list of all multi-membered valpods (defined relative to 3,360 lemmas);
'univals': a list of all uni-membered valpods (defined relative to 2,970 lemmas);
'valtypes_exemplified': a list of the 300 frame types, each with a lexval entry, and an example;
They are all text-files, the last one also in xl format. They are as yet not accessible through a web interface.
Frame types defined in NorVal
| Frame type
|
Example sentence
|
English translation
|
Lexval for head
|
Instances in catalogue
|
| copAdj
|
dette blir hyggelig
|
this will be nice
|
bli__copAdj
|
2
|
| copAdj-suDECL
|
at det etableres en god praksis blir avgjørende
|
that a good practice gets established is decisive
|
bli__copAdj-suDECL
|
2
|
copAdj
copAdj-suDECL
copAdj-suINTERR
copAdv
copExpnAdj
copExpnN-expnAbsinf
copExpnN-expnDECL
copExpnN-expnINTERRwh
copExpnN-expnINTERRyn
copExpnPP-expnDECL
copExpnPP-expnINTERRyn
copIdAbsinf
copIdAbsinf-suAbsinf
copIdDECL
copIdN
copIdINTERRwh
copIdINTERRyn
copImpersAdjLoc
copN
copN-suAbsinf
copN-suDECL
copN-suINTERRwh
copN-suINTERRyn
copPP
copPP-suDECL
copPredprtcl
copToFind
copToughAdj
ditr
ditrExpnSu-obMeas-expnEqIobInf
ditr-iobRefl
ditr-iobRefl-obDECL
ditr-iobRefl-obEqIobInf
ditr-iobRefl-obINTERR
ditr-obDECL
ditr-obEqIobBareinf
ditr-obEqIobInf
ditr-obEqSuInf
ditr-obINTERR
ditr-obINTERRwh
ditr-iobRefl-obINTERRwh
ditr-obINTERRyn
ditr-iobRefl-obINTERRyn
ditrObl-oblPRTOFiob
ditr-suAbsinf
ditr-suDECL
ditr-suDECL-obDECL
ditr-suDECL-obINTERR
ditr-suINTERR
ditr-suINTERR-obINTERR
impers
impersObl-oblN
impersPrtcl
intr
intrAdv
intrAdvExpn-expnDECL
intrAdvPresnt
intrAdv-suDECL
intrAuxmodScpr-scSuNrg-scBareinf
intrAuxpassScpr-scSuNrg-scPass
intrAuxperfScpr-scSuNrg-scPerf
intrComp-compINTERR
intrComp-suDECL-compINTERR
intrExpn-expnAbsinf
intrExpn-expnDECL
intrExpn-expnINTERR
intrLghtScpr-scAdj
intrLghtScpr-scPredprtcl
intrLghtScpr-scSuNrg-scPredprtcl
intrObl-oblN-oblAbsinf
intrObl-oblN-oblDECL
intrObl-oblN-oblEqOblInf
intrObl-oblN-oblEqSuInf
intrObl-oblN-oblINTERR
intrObl-oblN-oblN
intrOblExlnk-oblExlnkAbsinf
intrOblExlnk-oblExlnkDECL
intrOblExlnk-oblExlnkINTERR
intrOblExpn-expnDECL
intrOblExpn-expnINTERRwh
intrOblExpn-expnINTERRyn
intrOblExpn-oblINTERRwh-expnINTERRwh
intrOblExpn-oblINTERRwh-expnINTERRyn
intrOblExpn-oblINTERRyn-expnINTERRwh
intrOblExpn-oblINTERRyn-expnINTERRyn
intrObl-oblAbsinf
intrObl-oblDECL
intrObl-oblEqSuInf
intrObl-oblINTERR
intrObl-oblINTERRwh
intrObl-oblLoc
intrObl-oblN
intrObl-oblN-ACTIVITY
intrObl-oblPRTOFsu
intrObl-oblRefl
intrOblRais-oblRaisInf
intrObl-suAbsinf
intrObl-suDECL-oblDECL
intrObl-suDECL-oblN
intrObl-suINTERR-oblINTERR
intrObl-suINTERR-oblN
intrPath-suDir-PUREORIENTATION
intrPresnt
intrPresntDir
intrPresntLoc
intrPresntObl-oblDECL
intrPresntObl-oblINTERR
intrPresntObl-oblN
intrPrtcl
intrPrtclExpn-expnAbsinf
intrPrtclExpn-expnDECL
intrPrtclOblExpn-expnDECL
intrPrtclOblExpn-expnINTERRwh
intrPrtclOblExpn-expnINTERRyn
intrPrtclOblExpn-oblINTERRwh-expnINTERRwh
intrPrtclOblExpn-oblINTERRwh-expnINTERRyn
intrPrtclOblExpn-oblINTERRyn-expnINTERRwh
intrPrtclOblExpn-oblINTERRyn-expnINTERRyn
intrPrtclObl-oblAbsinf
intrPrtclObl-oblDECL
intrPrtclObl-oblEqSuInf
intrPrtclObl-oblINTERR
intrPrtclObl-oblINTERRwh
intrPrtclObl-oblINTERRyn
intrPrtclObl-oblLoc
intrPrtclObl-oblN
intrPrtclObl-oblPRTOFob
intrPrtclOblRais-oblRaisInf
intrPrtclObl-suDECL-oblN
intrPrtclObl-suINTERR-oblINTERR
intrPrtclObl-suINTERR-oblN
intrPrtclScpr-scSuNrg-scPredprtclN
intrPrtclScpr-scSuNrg-scPredprtclS
intrPrtcl-SUSTAINEDACTIVITY
intr-RESULT
intrScprExpn-scAdj-expnAbsinf
intrScprExpn-scAdj-expnDECL
intrScprExpn-scAdj-expnINTERR
intrScprPrtcl-scSuNrg-scAdj
intrScpr-scPredprtcl
intrScpr-scSuNrgCsd-scAdv
intrScpr-scSuNrgCsd-scPred
intrScpr-scSuNrg-scDir
intrScpr-scSuNrg-scInf
intrScpr-scSuNrg-scN
intrScpr-scSuNrg-scPred
intrScpr-scSuNrg-scPredprtcl
intrScpr-scSuNrg-scPredprtclN
intrScpr-scSuNrg-scPredprtclS
intr-suAbsinf
intr-suDECL
intr-suDir
intr-suDirTemp
intr-suINTERR
intrPresnt-RESULT
tr
trAdv
trAdv-obRefl
trExpnOb-expnAbsinf
trExpnOb-expnCOND
trExpnOb-expnDECL
trExpnSu-expnAbsinf
trExpnSu-expnCOND
trExpnSu-expnDECL
trExpnSu-expnEqObInf
trExpnSu-expnINTERR
trExpnSu-expnINTERRwh
trExpnSu-expnINTERRyn
trExpnSu-obMeas-expnAbsinf
trExpnSu-obRefl-expnAbsinf
trExpnSu-obRefl-expnDECL
trExpnSu-obRefl-expnINTERRwh
trExpnSu-obRefl-expnINTERRyn
trImpers-obRefl
tr-obAbsinf
tr-obDECL
tr-obDECL-obV
tr-obDir
tr-obEqBareinf
tr-obEqSuInf
tr-obEventunit
tr-obINTERR
trObl-oblN-oblDECL
trObl-oblN-oblEqObInf
trObl-oblN-oblINTERR
trObl-oblN-oblN
trObl-obRefl-oblN-oblAbsinf
trObl-obRefl-oblN-oblINTERR
trObl-obRefl-oblN-oblN
trOblExpnOb-expnAbsinf
trOblExpnSu-oblEqObInf-expnDECL
trOblExpnSu-oblEqObInf-expnEqObInf
trOblExpnSu-oblN-expnDECL
trOblExpnSu-oblN-expnEqObInf
trObl-obAbsinf-oblAbsinf
trObl-obAbsinf-oblN
trObl-obDECL-oblN
trObl-obEqOblInf-oblN
trObl-obEqSuInf-oblEqSuInf
trObl-obEqSuInf-oblN
trObl-obEqSuInf-oblRefl
trObl-obINTERR-oblN
trObl-oblAbsinf
trObl-oblDECL
trObl-oblEqObInf
trObl-oblEqSuInf
trObl-oblINTERR
trObl-oblLoc
trObl-oblN
trObl-oblPRTOFob
trObl-oblRefl
trObl-obRefl-oblAbsinf
trObl-obRefl-oblDECL
trObl-obRefl-oblEqObInf
trObl-obRefl-oblINTERR
trObl-obRefl-oblLoc
trObl-obRefl-oblN
trObl-obRefl-oblPRTOFob
trOblRais-oblRaisObInf
trObl-suDECL
trObl-suDECL-oblDECL
trObl-suDECL-oblEqObInf
trObl-suDECL-oblINTERR
trObl-suDECL-oblN
trObl-suEqObInf-oblEqObInf
trObl-suEqObInf-oblN
tr-obRefl
tr-obRefl-obDir
trPath-obDir-ORIENTING
trPath-obRefl-obDir
trPresnt
trPresntDir-obRefl
trPresntLoc-obRefl
trPresnt-obRefl
trPrtcl
trPrtclExpnOb-expnDECL
trPrtcl-obDECL
trPrtcl-obEqSuInf
trPrtcl-obINTERR
trPrtclObl-obINTERR
trPrtclObl-oblEqObInf
trPrtclObl-oblINTERR
trPrtclObl-oblN
trPrtclObl-oblPRTOFob
trPrtclObl-obRefl-oblDECL
trPrtclObl-obRefl-oblEqObInf
trPrtclObl-obRefl-oblINTERR
trPrtclObl-obRefl-oblPRTOFob
trPrtclObl-obRefl-oblN
trPrtcl-obRefl
trPrtclScpr-obRefl-scObNrg-scPredprtcl
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scAdj-expnAbsinf
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scAdj-expnDECL
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scAdj-expnINTERR
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclAdj-expnAbsinf
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclAdj-expnDECL
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclAdj-expnINTERR
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclInf-expnAbsinf
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclInf-expnDECL
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclInf-expnINTERR
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclN-expnAbsinf
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclN-expnDECL
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclN-expnINTERR
trScpr-obDECL-scPPrefl
trScpr-obEqSuInf-scPPrefl
trScpr-obRefl-scObLoc
trScpr-obRefl-scObDir
trScpr-obRefl-scObNrgCsd-scPred
trScpr-obRefl-scObNrg-scBareinf
trScpr-obRefl-scObNrg-scN
trScpr-obRefl-scObNrg-scPred
trScpr-obRefl-scPP
trScpr-obRefl-scPred
trScpr-obRefl-scPredprtcl
trScpr-obRefl-scPredprtclInf
trScpr-obRefl-scSuNrg-scBareinf-suRAISsuMob
trScpr-obRefl-scSuNrg-scInf
trScpr-obRefl-scSuNrg-scPred
trScpr-scObCsd
trScpr-scObLoc
trScpr-scObNrgCsd-scPred
trScpr-scObNrg-scBareinf
trScpr-scObNrg-scBareinf-obRAISsuMob
trScpr-scObNrg-scInf
trScpr-scObNrg-scN
trScpr-scObNrg-scPred
trScpr-scPasscmplx
trScpr-scPPrefl
trScpr-scPredprtcl
trScpr-scPredprtclInf
trScpr-scSuNrg-scInf
trScpr-scSuNrg-scN
trScpr-scSuNrg-scPred
trScpr-scSuNrg-scPredprtcl
tr-suAbsinf
tr-suAbsinf-obAbsinf
tr-suDECL
tr-suDECL-obDECL
tr-suDir
tr-suDir-obLengthunit
tr-suDir-obRefl
tr-suEqObInf
tr-suINTERR
tr-suINTERR-obINTERR
Feature structures of frame types
Here will come explanations and illustrations of the frame type labels, and feature structures representing the various types. A further resource, to be later described, will allow one to automatically see grammatical feature structures associated with the frame types. A preliminary download site for this resource is:
http://regdili.hf.ntnu.no:8081/typegramusers/menu.
We aim to have this available by late September 2021.