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Difference between revisions of "Luganda applicatives"

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<Phrase>33450</Phrase>
 
<Phrase>33450</Phrase>
  
(2) VERB: "bring", '''AA''': ''3SG'', '''Thematic Role''': Beneficiary,  '''Category'''AA not lexicalised independently, '''Argument index''':+ , ''Topicalisation''': -
+
(2) VERB: ''leet'' bring, '''AA''': ''3SG'', '''Thematic Role''': Beneficiary,  '''Category'''AA not lexicalised independently, '''Argument index''':+ , ''Topicalisation''': -
 
<Phrase>17141</Phrase>
 
<Phrase>17141</Phrase>
  

Revision as of 19:38, 24 April 2016

TypeCraft's public Luganda corpus contains at the point of writing this page (23.04.2016) 94 sentence where at least one verb is glosses as having an applicative extension. In addition the corpus contains 31 nouns which have an applicative extension.

For a random selection of 29 of these 94 sentence we will now look at the following parameters

  • Which thematic role does the applicativized argument (AA) express?
  • To which grammatical category do expressed AAs belong (PN, N, PP)
  • If the AA is expressed as a free form, does the verb also carry an argument index?
  • If the the AA is topicalized, does the verb carry an argument index?

In addition we will mark the cases of applicativization where the AA only expressed as an argument index?


(1) VERB: tunuul 'look, see' AA: ye, Thematic Role: Stimuli, Category: PN, 3SG Argument index: "ki" seems to be an object marker Status: unclear

Kale n’okitunuulira, ye mukadde, ye mubi.
“So you look at him/her, s/he is old and at the same time ugly.”
Kale
kale
soPARTCONJ
PRT
n’okitunuulira
neokitunuulira
andCONJ2SGAUG7AGRlook/seeVstemAPPLFV
V
ye
ye
him/her
PN
mukadde
mukadde
1AGRold-person
ADJ
ye
ye
him/her
PN
mubi
mubi
1AGRugly/bad
ADJ


(2) VERB: leet bring, AA': 3SG, Thematic Role: Beneficiary, CategoryAA not lexicalised independently, Argument index:+ , Topicalisation: -

Mumuleetedde ssente mmeka?
“How much money have you brought for him/her?”
Mumuleetedde
mumuleeterdde
2PLSBJ3PSGOBJbringAPPLPFV
V
ssente
ssente
money
N
mmeka?
mmeka?
9INTR
 


(3)VERB:"nyw", 'consume', AA' -, Thematic Role: Location, Category: AA not lexicalised independently, Argument index: Locative endclitic on the verb, Topicalisation: -

Agavubuka gabadde ganywerawo enjaga.
“The youths have been smoking marijuana from there.”
Agavubuka
agavubuka
IVAUG22AGRyouth
CN
gabadde
gabadde
REL22beFVPFV
COP
ganywerawo
ganywerawo
REL22drinkVstemAPPLFVLOCREL16
V
enjaga
enjaga
IV9AGRmarijuana
CN


(4) VERB: "kol" 'do', AA': proper name, Thematic Role:Beneficiary, Category: Np , Argument index: -, Topicalisation: -

Azze akolera Bebe Cool obubaga.
“She has been organizing parties for Bebe Cool.”
Azze
azze
3SGcomeVstemPFV
V
akolera
akolera
3SGdoVstemREPAPPLFV
V
Bebe
Bebe
name-of-a-person
Np
Cool
Cool
name-of-a-person
Np
obubaga
obubaga
IVDIM14AGRwedding/party
CN


(5)VERB: tunuul 'look, see' AA: akazimbe kaganyegenya 'unfavourable hounse, Thematic Role: Stimuli, Category: CN Argument index: -, Topicalisation: -

Tunuulira akazimbe kaganyegenya ke bayita poliisi y’eggwanga eddamba!
“Look at the unfavourable house that they call the police for the whole country!”
Tunuulira
tunuulira
look/seeVstemAPPLFV
V
akazimbe
akazimbe
IVDIM12AGRbuildNMLZ
CN
kaganyegenya
kaganyegenya
DIM12AGRunfavourable
ADJ
ke
ke
whichRELSBJ
PRT
bayita
bayita
3PLcallVstemFV
V
poliisi
poliisi
police
CN
y’eggwanga
y’eggwanga
forGEN9AGRIV5AGRcountry
CN
eddamba
eddamba
IV5AGRwhole
ADJ


(6)VERB: som, 'talk,read', AA': 1SG, Thematic Role: Malficiary, Category:AA not lexicalised independently, Argument index: +, Topicalisation: -

Olaba ne kitabani kya gundi kyansomera luli.
“You see even the other guy’s son talked bad about me the other time.”
Olaba
olaba
2SGseeVstemFV
V
ne
ne
even
PRT
kitabani
kitabani
AUG7AGRson
CN
kya
kya
7AGRGEN
PREP
gundi
gundi
someone
PN
kyansomera
kyansomera
7AGRPAST1SGreadVstemAPPLFV
V
luli
luli
11AGRlast-time
ADVtemp


(7)VERB:suul 'throw', AA: ________, Thematic Role: ________, Category_______, Argument index_________, Topicalisation: -

Ekasuulira omusajja atudde mu ntebe.
“It throws it to the man who is sitted in the chair.”
Ekasuulira
ekasuulira
SBJ9AGROMDIM12AGRthrowAPPLFV
V
omusajja
omusajja
IV1AGRman
CN
atudde
atudde
3SGsitPFV
V
mu
mu
inLOC18AGR
PREP
ntebe
ntebe
9AGRchair
CN


(8)VERB: kaab, 'cry' AA': waggulu, Thematic Role: Locative, Category: CN place, Argument index: -, Topicalisation: -

Akawuka kongera okukaabira waggulu.
“The insect continues crying from up.”
Akawuka
akawuka
IVDIM12AGRinsectANIM
CN
kongera
kongera
DIM12AGRcontinueFV
AUX
 
 
 
 
okukaabira
okukaabira
IVINFcryAPPLFV
V
waggulu
waggulu
above/upLOC
ADVplc


(9)VERB: buuk 'jump' AA: ebintu, Themantic Role: Locative, Category: ____, Argument Index: - Topicalisation: +

Ebintu by'ebuukirako bigwa.
“The things it jumps on fall down.”
Ebintu
ebintu
IV8AGRthing
CN
by'ebuukirako
by'ebuukirako
8OMSBJ9AGRjumpAPPLFVREL17LOC
V
bigwa
bigwa
8SBJfallFV
V


(10)VERB: kaab 'cry' AA: nju, Themantic Role: Locative, Category: PP, Argument Index: - Topicalisation: -

Akawuka kakaabira mu nju.
“The insect cries from the house.”
Akawuka
akawuka
IVDIM12AGRinsect
CN
kakaabira
kakaabira
SBJDIM12AGRcryAPPLFV
V
mu
mu
inLOC18AGR
PREP
nju
nju
9AGRhouse
CN


(11)

Ebuukabuuka naye nga buli kantu k'egezaako okubuukirako ekakoona ne kagwa wansi.
“It jumps and jumps but knocks down everthing it tries to jump on.”
Ebuukabuuka
ebuukabuuka
SBJ9AGRjumpFVjumpREDPFV
V
naye
naye
but
CONJ
nga
nga
whenCONJ
CONJS
buli
buli
everyDEF
DET
kantu
kantu
DIM12AGRthing
CN
k'egezaako
k'egezaako
REL12OBJSBJ9AGRtry
AUX
okubuukirako
okubuukirako
IVINFjumpAPPLFVREL17LOC
V
ekakoona
ekakoona
SBJ9AGROMDIM12AGRknockFV
V
ne
ne
andCONJ
CONJC
kagwa
kagwa
SBJDIM12AGRfall
V
wansi
wansi
downLOC
ADVplc


(12)

Kkapa emutunuulira n'emutunuulira.
“The cat looks and looks at him/her.”
Kkapa
kkapa
cat
CN
emutunuulira
emutunuulira
SBJ9AGR1OMlookAPPLFV
V
n'emutunuulira
n'emutunuulira
andSBJ9AGR1OMlookAPPLFV
V


(13)

Ekatunuulira, n'ekatunuulira mu 'angles' zonna.
“It looks and looks at it in all angles.”
Ekatunuulira
ekatunuulira
SBJ9AGROMDIM12SGlookAPPLFV
V
n'ekatunuulira
n'ekatunuulira
andCONJSBJ9AGROM9AGRlookAPPLFV
V
mu
mu
inLOC18AGR
PREP
'angles'
 
 
 
zonna
zonna
allDEF
QUANT


(14)

Oluvannyuma etunuulira omusajja.
“Afterwards it looks at the man.”
Oluvannyuma
oluvannyuma
afterwards
ADVm
etunuulira
etunuulira
SBJ9AGRlookAPPLFV
V
omusajja
omusajja
IV1AGRman
CN


(15)

Kkapa ewulira ekiwuka nga kizannyira mu nju.
“The cat hears the insect playing from the house.”
Kkapa
kkapa
cat
CN
ewulira
ewulira
SBJ9AGRhearFV
V
ekiwuka
ekiwuka
IV7AGRinsect
CN
nga
nga
whenCONJ
CONJS
kizannyira
kizannyira
7AGRplayAPPLFV
V
mu
mu
inLOC18AGR
PREP
nju
nju
9AGRhouse
CN


(16)

Wali owuliddeyo omusajja afiira mu leeba?
“Have you ever heard of a man who dies in labour?”
wali
wali
2SGPASTbe
COP
owuliddeyo
owuliddeyo
2SGhearPFVLOC
V
Omusajja
omusajja
IV1SGman
CN
afiira
afiira
3SGdieAPPLFV
V
mu
mu
inLOC18AGR
PREP
leeba?
leeba
labour
CN


(17)

Akawuka kongera okukaabira mu nju.
“The insect continues to cry from the house.”
Akawuka
akawuka
IVDIM12AGRinsect
CN
kongera
kongera
DIM12AGRcontinueFV
V
okukaabira
okukaabira
IVINFcryAPPLFV
V
mu
mu
inLOC18AGR
PREP
nju
nju
9AGRhouse
CN


(18)

Ebuukabuuka naye nga buli kantu k'egezaako okubuukirako ekakoona ne kagwa wansi.
“It jumps repeatedly but whatever thing it tries to jump from, it knocks it (the thing) and it (the thing) falls down.”
Ebuukabuuka
ebuukabuuka
SBJ9AGRjumpFVjumpREDPFV
V
naye
naye
but
CONJ
nga
nga
whenCONJ
CONJS
buli
buli
everyDEF
DET
kantu
kantu
DIM12AGRthing
CN
k'egezaako
k'egezaako
PARTRELSBJ9AGRtry
V
okubuukirako
okubuukirako
IVINFjumpAPPLFVRELLOC17
V
ekakoona
ekakoona
SBJ9AGRDIM12SGknockFV
V
ne
ne
andCONJ
CONJC
kagwa
kagwa
DIM12AGRfall
V
wansi
wansi
down
ADVplc


(19)

Kkapa esooka n'ewulira ekiwuka nga kizannyira mu nju.
“The cat first hears the insect playing from the house”
Kkapa
 
cat
CN
esooka
esooka
SBJ9AGRdo-something-before-the-otherFV
V
n'ewulira
n'ewulira
andCONJSBJ9AGRhearFV
V
ekiwuka
ekiwuka
IV7AGRan-insect
CN
nga
nga
whenCONJ
CONJS
kizannyira
kizannyira
7AGRplayAPPLFV
V
mu
mu
inLOC18AGR
PREP
nju
nju
9AGRhouse
CN


(20)

Kkapa emutunuulira n'emutunuulira nga bw'ekozesa obubonero okumubuuza.
“The cat looks and looks at him as it uses signs to ask him.”
Kkapa
kkapa
cat
CN
emutunuulira
emutunuulira
SBJ9AGRREL3SGlookAPPLFV
V
n'emutunuulira
n'emutunuulira
andSBJ9AGRREL3SGlookAPPLFV
V
nga
nga
asCONJ
CONJS
bw'ekozesa
bw'ekozesa
CONJSBJ9AGRdoCAUSFV
V
obubonero
obubonero
IVDIM14AGRsign/symbol
CN
okumubuuza
okumubuuza
IVINFREL3SGaskFV
V


(21)

Ekwata akawuka n'emimwa gyayo n'ekasuulira omusajja eyali atudde mu ntebe.
“It catches the cat with its mouth and it throws it to the man who was sitting in the chair, and it knocks him while asking him to tell it; "what is this?"”
Ekwata
ekwata
SBJ9AGRcatchFV
V
akawuka
akawuka
IVDIM12AGRinsect
CN
n'emimwa
n'emimwa
andCONJSBJ9AGR4AGRmouth
CN
gyayo
gyayo
forGEN4AGRREL9SBJ
TRUNC
n'ekasuulira
n'ekasuulira
andCONJSBJ9AGRDIM12AGRthrowAPPLFV
V
omusajja
omusajja
IV1AGRman
CN
eyali
eyali
IVREL1OBJREL3SGPASTbe
COP
atudde
atudde
3SGsitPFV
V
mu
mu
inLOC18AGR
PREP
ntebe
ntebe
9AGRchair
CN


(22)

Ebintu by'ebuukirako ne bigwa akawuka ne kongera okukaabira waggulu.
“The things it jumps from fall down and the insect continues crying from above.”
Ebintu
ebintu
IV8AGRthing
CN
by'ebuukirako
by'ebuukirako
REL8SBJ9AGRjumpAPPLFVRELLOC17
V
ne
ne
andCONJ
CONJC
bigwa
bigwa
8AGRfallFV
V
akawuka
akawuka
IVDIM12AGRinsect
CN
ne
ne
andCONJ
CONJC
kongera
kongera
DIM12AGRcontinueFV
V
okukaabira
okukaabira
IVINFcryAPPLFV
V
waggulu
waggulu
above
ADVplc


(23)

Ekatunuulira, n'ekatunuulira mu 'angles' zonna, n'ebuuka okukakwata.
“ It looks and looks at it in all angles and it jumps to catch it.”
Ekatunuulira
ekatunuulira
SBJ9AGRDIM12AGRlookAPPLFV
V
n'ekatunuulira
n'ekatunuulira
andCONJSBJ9AGRSBJ9AGRlookAPPLFV
V
mu
mu
inLOC18AGR
PREP
'angles'
 
 
 
zonna
zonna
SBJ10AGRall
QUANT
n'ebuuka
n'ebuuka
andCONJSBJ9AGRjumpFV
V
okukakwata
okukakwata
IVINFDIM12AGRcatchFV
V


(24)

Oluvannyuma etunuulira omusajja nga yeebuuza lwaki tali mu kugifaako.
“Afterwards it looks at the man as it asks itself why he (the man) is not attending to it.”
oluvannyuma
oluvannyuma
afterwards
ADVm
etunuulira
etunuulira
SBJ9AGRlookAPPLFV
V
omusajja
omusajja
IV1AGRman
CN
nga
nga
whenCONJ
CONJS
yeebuuza
yeebuuza
REL3SGREFLaskFV
V
lwaki
lwaki
whyQ
 
tali
tali
NEG3SGbe
COP
mu
mu
inLOC18AGR
PREP
kugifaako
kugifaako
INFSBJ9AGRcare-about
V


(25)

Buli kasente ke baweereza okubaako kye mubakolera kafuuka k’abo be baaleka emabega.
“Every money that they send for you to do something for them is taken by those whom they left back.”
Buli
buli
every/each
DET
kasente
kasente
DIM12AGRmoney
CN
ke
ke
whichRELSBJ
PRT
baweereza
baweereza
3PLsendVstemFV
V
okubaako
okubaako
 INFbeLOC
COP
kye
kye
whichREL7
PRT
mubakolera
mubakolera
2PL3PLdoVstemAPPLFV
V
kafuuka
kafuuka
DIM12AGRturnVstemFV
V
k’abo
k’abo
forREL12thoseDISTREL2
PRTposs
be
be
REL3PL
PRT
baaleka
baaleka
3PLPASTleaveVstemFV
V
emabega
emabega
IVbehind
ADVplc


(26)

Ani abazaala mmwe embwa ze beebakako ne babakasukira obusente obutawera na ddoola emu?
“Who gives birth to you dogs which they sleep on and they throw to you money which doesn’t even sum up to one dollar?”
Ani
ani
3SGwhoQ
PROint
abazaala
abazaala
3SG3PLgive-birthVstemFV
V
mmwe
mmwe
you
PN
embwa
embwa
IV9AGRdogANIM
CN
ze
ze
RELOBJ
PRT
beebakako
beebakako
3PLsleepVstemFVLOC
V
ne
ne
andCONJ
CONJC
babakasukira
babakasukira
3PL2PLthrowVstemAPPLFV
V
obusente
obusente
IVDIM14AGRmoney
CN
obutawera
obutawera
IV14AGRNEGsum-up-toFV
ADJ
na
na
evenCONJ
CONJS
ddoola
ddoola
dollar
CN
emu?
emu?
one
NUM


(27) Phrase>33474</Phrase>

(28)

GuGgolola gwagejjera bwereere tegulina maanyi, akasajja akatono kakukuba katya?
“Ggolola fattened for nothing he doesn't have power, how can a tiny man beat you?”
Gu
gu
AUG20AGR
PRT
Ggolola
ggolola
 
Np
gwagejjera
gwagejjera
20AGRPASTfattenVstemAPPLFV
V
bwereere
bwereere
nothing
N
tegulina
tegulina
NEG20AGRhaveVstem
V
maanyi
maanyi
power/energy
CN
akasajja
akasajja
IVDIM12AGRman
CN
akatono
akatono
IVDIM12AGRsmall
ADJ
kakukuba
kakukuba
DIM12AGRREL2SGbeatVstemFV
V
katya?
katya?
DIM12AGRhowQ
ADV


(29)

Kyokka bwe byatandise akasajja ne kamufuukira ekyambika ne kamukuba n’atya.
“But when they started the man became a problem to him/her and he beat him/her and feared.”
Kyokka
kyokka
but
PRT
bwe
bwe
whenREL
PRT
byatandise
byatandise
8AGRPASTstartVstemIND
V
akasajja
akasajja
IVDIM12AGRman
CN
ne
ne
andCONJ
CONJC
kamufuukira
kamufuukira
DIM12AGRREL3SGturnVstemAPPLFV
V
ekyambika
ekyambika
IVproblem/threat
CN
ne
ne
andCONJ
CONJC
kamukuba
kamukuba
DIM12AGRREL3SGbeatVstemFV
V
n’atya
n’atya
andCONJ3SGfearVstemFV
V


Olaba ne kitabani kya gundi kyansomera luli.
“You see even (also) the other guy’s son talked bad about me the other time.”
Olaba
olaba
2SGseeFV
V
ne
ne
even/also
PRT
kitabani
kitabani
7AGRsonANIMMASC
CN
kya
kya
of/forGEN
PREP
gundi
gundi
someone
CN
kyansomera
kyansomera
7AGRPAST1SGreadAPPLFV
V
luli
luli
the-other-time
ADVtemp