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Krio Corpus

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Krio Corpus

About the project

The objective of our study is to model the Krio TMA system using a written Krio corpus. We have studied the system in terms of its grammatical features. We then imported these features into the narrative domain which imposes its own set of features. This leads to a new relationship between feature sets.

Our theoretical aim is to present a domain analysis of features in order to model them according to the requirements introduced by the domain.

Our practical aim is to use the model to achieve a more realistic description of the Krio TMA system in terms of its features and the use of its exponents. [1]


About the Corpus

The Krio Corpus consists of 33 short stories and transcribed narrations and a total of 937 phrases (8299 words). For all phrases in the corpus that have been annotated, it is layered in a systematical fashion of three analytical tiers, a meaning tier and a Gloss and POS tier. [2][3]

The Tense, Modality, Aspect features

The annotations that have been made in Krio consist of four in each of the three categories.

  • Tense
    • Past
    • Past Perfect
    • Perfect
    • Future
  • Modality
    • Dynamic
    • Epistemic
    • Deontic
    • Conditional
  • Aspect
    • Continuous
    • Inceptive
    • Completive
    • Habitual

Particularities

TNS:past [0...1] ⊰ MODAL [0...1] ⊰ TNS:perf [0...1] ⊰ ASP [0...2] ROOT ⊱ASP:compl [0...1]

The verb 'dɔn'

Used as a tense marker for perfective tense, as a main verb finish as well as a light verb and completive marker.

The verb 'de'

Can denote an adverb when used at the end of a sentence or a continuous aspect marker.

The verb 'go'

Go marks the future tense as well as functioning in a serial verb construction as V1.


A Krio narrative

Currently, there is a public text from the Corpus, which shows an example of a typical Krio short story. The english translation is listed parallell to the Krio story and makes it easier to look at the differences made in, for example, the Speech-Event time and the marking of tenses.[4]

https://typecraft.org/tc2wiki/A_Krio_narrative


Annotation profiles

Gloss tags
Tag Word
FUT future tense
PRF perfect tense
PAST past tense
DEF definitive
EXCL exclusive
NEG negation
INDEF indefinitive
FOC focus
SBJ subject
OBJ object
DIR direction
PL plural
HAB habitual aspect
CONT continuous aspect
INCEP inceptive aspect
DIR direction
LOC location
PURP purpose clause
REDP reduplication
CMPL complement
POSS possessive


  1. As quoted by Professor Dorothee Beermann at the Conference in Naple, June 2016
  2. The original resource has been created by Beatrice Owusua Nyampong, a native speaker of Krio.
  3. Preserving the resource, we added new layers of annotation reflecting the Kri TMA system in the light of the analysis presented here.
  4. See footnote