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Difference between revisions of "Classroom:LING2208 - Annotating Ga"

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'''Clause Linkage'''
 
'''Clause Linkage'''
 +
<phrase>41564</phrase>
  
eg. Ena loohɔlɔ ko shwapo kɛkɛni ebote mli oya  kɛkɛni eyaju wu fɛɛfɛo dɔkɔdɔkɔ agbo ko ni ka shɛɛfi lɛ            nɔ
+
He saw a butcher's shop and (he) went quickly in and (he) stole a nice fat juicy bone from the  shelf.
    He saw a butcher's shop and (he) went quickly in and (he) stole a nice fat juicy bone from the  shelf.
+
  
 
The clause linkage above is indicative of parataxis, i.e. structural equality. Evidently, it is discernible that there are three independent clauses which have been conjoined by a coordinating conjunction "kɛkɛni". Hence, there is neither a form of integration or embedding nor reduction or downgrading. Further, it is perceptible that the clause linkage is one of explicit linking since the connective device (here "kɛkɛni")is present, hence syndesis or syndetic coordination.
 
The clause linkage above is indicative of parataxis, i.e. structural equality. Evidently, it is discernible that there are three independent clauses which have been conjoined by a coordinating conjunction "kɛkɛni". Hence, there is neither a form of integration or embedding nor reduction or downgrading. Further, it is perceptible that the clause linkage is one of explicit linking since the connective device (here "kɛkɛni")is present, hence syndesis or syndetic coordination.

Revision as of 12:44, 18 February 2014

Agreement

Eyɔse efufeemɔ feesɛɛ kɛkɛni eyimli ni emli ewola ni erɛɛehoehe, shi ekolɛ ni ehiɛ etɛŋ fe tsutsu.
“He later realized his folly and he left angry and sad, but perhaps a little wiser than before.”
Eyɔse
eyɔse
3SGrealizePAST
V
efufeemɔ
efufeemɔ
POSSfoolishness
N
feesɛɛ
feesɛɛ
later
ADV
kɛkɛni
kɛkɛni
 
CONJC
eyimli
eyimli
3SGwent_away
V
ni
ni
FOC
PRT
emli
emli
POSSinside
N
ewola
ewola
angry
ADJ
ni
ni
FOC
PRT
erɛɛehoehe
erɛɛehoehe
sorrowful
ADJ
shi
shi
 
CONJC
ekolɛ
ekolɛ
perhaps
ADV
ni
ni
FOC
PRT
ehiɛ
ehiɛ
POSSface
N
etɛŋ
etɛŋ
wise
ADJ
fe
fe
CMPR
PRT
tsutsu
tsutsu
before
ADV


Within the domain of the construction above, i.e. the sentence, there is an agreement relationship with recourse to the features NUMBER (specifically, singular) and PERSON (3rd). Specifically, the controller (here, a pronominal ‘e’ - he) which has been integrated into the verb (‘eyɔse’ – he realized) determines the NUMBER and PERSON of the remaining pronouns (highlighted). Hence, since the controller is singular in NUMBER and 3rd in PERSON, the same values are adopted or taken on by the remaining pronouns or controlees/targets.

Clause Linkage

Ena gbee kloklo tamɔ lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ni ehiɛ wu yɛ edaaŋ.
“He saw another dog exactly like him holding a bone in his mouth.”
Ena
ena
3SGseePAST
V
gbee
gbee
dog
N
kloklo
kloklo
different
ADJ
tamɔ
tamɔ
resembleCMPR
PRT
 
PRT
pɛpɛɛpɛ
pɛpɛɛpɛ
exactly
ADV
ni
ni
FOC
PRT
ehiɛ
ehiɛ
3SGhold
V
wu
wu
bone
N
 
PRT
edaaŋ
edaaŋ
POSSmouth
N


He saw a butcher's shop and (he) went quickly in and (he) stole a nice fat juicy bone from the shelf.

The clause linkage above is indicative of parataxis, i.e. structural equality. Evidently, it is discernible that there are three independent clauses which have been conjoined by a coordinating conjunction "kɛkɛni". Hence, there is neither a form of integration or embedding nor reduction or downgrading. Further, it is perceptible that the clause linkage is one of explicit linking since the connective device (here "kɛkɛni")is present, hence syndesis or syndetic coordination.