Typological Features Template for Runyankore Rukiga
Revision as of 12:27, 21 March 2010 by Justus Turamyomwe (Talk | contribs)
by Allen Asiimwe and Justus Turamyomwe
| Feature | Description | ||
| Phonological Features | In the following fields you describe the phonological inventory o [your language] | ||
| Vowel inventory | In this field you describe the vowel inventory of [your language] | ||
| Vowel harmony | Vowel harmony in Akan operates according to a tongue root system. Usually, nominal and verbal prefixes agree in ATR value with the vowels in the verb or noun stem. | ||
| Consonant inventory | In this field you describe the consonants of [your language] | ||
| Tone | In this field you indicate if [your language] is a tone language and which tones are used; does [your language] have lexical tone? | ||
| Syllable Structure | In this field you indicate the basic syllable structures of [your language]. | ||
| Morpho-syntactic Features | In the following fields you describe some of the basic morpho-syntactic parameters of [your language] | ||
| morphological classification (1) | [Your language] could be an isolating language (not (or nearly not) making use of morphology, agglutinative, such as the Bantu languages of Africa, or synthetic, such as the Saami languages of Scandinavia, or even polysynthetic such as Greenlandic. In this field you classify [your language] according to these parameters if possible. | ||
| morphological classification (2) | Linguists have distinguished between head- and dependent-marking languages. Semitic languages are head marking languages; it is the head of the noun phrases that needs to have a special form when followed by a dependent noun; in the Germanic languages it is the head of the verb phrase that expresses person-number features of its subject. Grammatical dependencies on the other hand are in some of the Germanic languages expressed on the dependent noun phrases in form of case. [Your language] might be both, head- and dependent-marking, depending on the category of speech and or the type of feature expressed. This is what you can describe in this field. | ||
| Nominal Phrases | A noun phrase is headed by a noun. If the noun is modified the modifier follows the noun. However, in some circumstances, the determiner may precede the noun it modifies. For example in the case of quantifiers when modifying a noun where the quantifier precedes the Noun e.g. buri mukazi(see type craft for proper annotation | ||
| syntactic structure
Noun+Demo Adjective+pure adjective/appositive+quatifier+verbal adjective+Relativiser+Emphatic |
Noun + Adjective + Relativiser + Emphatic | ||
| nominal modification | The nominal modifiers are demonstratives, adjectives, possessives, relative clauses, appositives. | nominal specification
deixis is marked by proximal, medial and distal.Deixis or reference is represented by affixes which vary depending on the noun class. The language also has demonstratives, numerals, quantifiers and determiners. The definite determiners are expressed by the initial vowel while the indefinite determiners are not marked. They are expressed without the initial vowel. |
In this field you list the nominal specifiers. |
| possession | It is expressed by affixes which vary according to the noun class prefix. therefore the possessives are comprised of the class prefix and the possessive marker. In this field you describe how possession is expressed (for example, syntactically or by use of prepositions, through juxtaposition or morphologically) Does [your language] feature possessive pronouns? | ||
| pronominal system | In this field you indicate if [your language] has free pronoun forms? Are pronouns marked for their grammatical function (object versus subject pronouns)? Does your language have bound pronouns (affixes) or pronoun doubling? Are reflexives expressed by pronouns? | ||
| Verbal Phrases | In the following fields serve for the description of some of the basic morpho-syntactic properties of verbal constituents | ||
| word order | In this field you indicate the basic word order of your language (SOV, SOV ...) | ||
| TAM | In this field you indicate which tense and/or aspects are morphologically or tonally marked; does [your language] make use of periphrastic tense or aspect constructions? | ||
| infinitival forms | In this field you indicate if [your language] makes use of an infinitive marker? How many infinitival forms does your language have? | ||
| verbal constructions | In this field you indicate if [your language] has ditransitive constructions, serial verb constructions or complex verb forms composed of several verbs. Does your language have so called light verbs, perhaps only used to indicate a certain tense or aspect? | ||
| Adpositions | In this field you indicate if [your language[ makes use of prepositions or postpositions. Does your language have spatial nouns? Does your language use adpositions or particles to indicate grammatical relations between the verb and a nominal argument? | ||
| Complementation | In this field you describe complementation strategies. Does [your language] make use of complementizers? | ||
| Special Properties of [your language] | In this field you should mention properties of [your language] which did not fit into any of the other categories mentioned in this template | ||
| Short Bibliography |