Le aspectual SVC
Revision as of 15:25, 20 March 2012 by Miaomiao Zhang (Talk | contribs)
- SEM: E1-activity+[E2 –state +PERFECTIVE]inchoative/resultative
- SYN: V1 V2+perfective le
张三唱歌唱哑了嗓子。
“Zhangsan sang songs and became hoarse after that.”
| zhāngsān |
| zhāngsān |
| ZhangsanSBJAGT |
| Nbare |
| chàng-gē |
| chàng-gē |
| sing.songPRED |
| V1 |
| chàngyā | |
| chàng | yā |
| sing | hoarse |
| V2 | |
| le |
| le |
| PRF |
| PRT |
| săngzi |
| săngzi |
| throatOBJPT |
| Ncomm |
张三追赶猫打扰了李四。
“Zhangsan interrupted Lisi when he was chasing a cat.”
| zhāngsān |
| zhāngsān |
| ZhangsanSBJAGT |
| Nbare |
| zhuīgăn |
| zhuīgăn |
| chasePRED |
| V1 |
| māo |
| māo |
| catOBJPT |
| Ncomm |
| dărăo |
| dărăo |
| interruptPRED |
| V2 |
| le |
| le |
| PRF |
| PRT |
| lĭsì |
| lĭsì |
| LisiOBJPT |
| Nbare |
张三喝酒喝醉了。
“Zhangsan drank alcohol and then was drunk.”
| zhāngsān |
| zhāngsān |
| ZhangsanSBJAGT |
| Nbare |
| hē |
| hē |
| drinkPRED |
| V1 |
| jiŭ |
| jiŭ |
| alcoholOBJPT |
| Ncomm |
| hēzuì |
| hēzuì |
| is.drunkPRED |
| V2 |
| le |
| le |
| PRF |
| PRT |
后来，苍蝇飞到了窗帘上。
“Later, the fly flies onto the curtain.”
| hòulái |
| hòulái |
| later |
| ADVm |
| cāngying |
| cāngying |
| flySBJAGT |
| Ncomm |
| fēi |
| fēi |
| flyPRED |
| V1 |
| dào |
| dào |
| reachENDPNT |
| V2 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| chuānglián |
| chuānglián |
| curtainOBJGOAL |
| Ncomm |
| shàng |
| shàng |
| surfaceOBJGOAL |
| PPOST |
后来那个苍蝇飞到了地板上。
“Later, that fly flies on the floor.”
| hòulái |
| hòulái |
| later |
| ADVm |
| nà |
| nà |
| that |
| DET |
| ge |
| ge |
| CL |
| CL |
| cāngying |
| cāngying |
| flySBJAGT |
| Ncomm |
| fēi |
| fēi |
| flyPRED |
| V1 |
| dào |
| dào |
| reachENDPNT |
| V2 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| dìbǎn |
| dìbǎn |
| floorOBJGOAL |
| Ncomm |
| shàng |
| shàng |
| surfaceOBJGOAL |
| PPOST |
左先生去打电话叫车了。
“Mr Zuo has called to reserve the car.”
| zuŏxiānshēng |
| zuŏxiānshēng |
| Mr.ZuoSBJAGT |
| Nbare |
| qù |
| qù |
| goPRED |
| V1 |
| dădiànhuà | |
| dă | diànhuà |
| makePRED | phonecall |
| V2 | |
| jiào |
| jiào |
| reservePRED |
| V3 |
| chē |
| chē |
| carOBJPT |
| Ncomm |
| le |
| le |
| PRF |
| PRT |
搁到锅里炸了吗？
“Have you put (it) into the pot and fired (it)?”
| gē |
| gē |
| placePRED |
| V1 |
| dào |
| dào |
| reachENDPNT |
| V2 |
| guō |
| guō |
| potOBJGOAL |
| Ncomm |
| lĭ |
| lĭ |
| insideOBJGOAL |
| PREP |
| zhà |
| zhà |
| fryPRED |
| V3 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| ma？ |
| ma？ |
| INTR |
| PRT |
他跟我回了家。
“He has follwed me home.”
| tā |
| tā |
| heSBJAGT3SGMASC |
| PN |
| gēn |
| gēn |
| followPRED |
| V1 |
| wŏ |
| wŏ |
| IOBJPT1SG |
| PN |
| huí |
| huí |
| returnPRED |
| V2 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| jiā |
| jiā |
| homeOBJGOAL |
| Ncomm |
他跟着我回了家
“He has gone home follwing me.”
| tā |
| tā |
| heSBJAGT3SGMASC |
| PN |
| gēn |
| gēn |
| followPRED |
| V1 |
| zhe |
| zhe |
| PROG |
| PRT |
| wŏ |
| wŏ |
| IOBJPT1SG |
| PN |
| huí |
| huí |
| returnPRED |
| V2 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| jiā |
| jiā |
| homeOBJGOAL |
| Ncomm |
他对着我说了实话。
“He has told me the truth facing me.”
| tā |
| tā |
| heSBJAGT3SGMASC |
| PN |
| duì |
| duì |
| facePRED |
| V1 |
| zhe |
| zhe |
| PROG |
| PRT |
| wŏ |
| wŏ |
| IOBJPT1SG |
| PN |
| shuō |
| shuō |
| tellPRED |
| V2 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| shíhuà |
| shíhuà |
| truthOBJPT |
| Ncomm |
他拿刀杀死了一只猪。
“He has killed a pig with a knife.”
| tā |
| tā |
| heSBJSG3PAGTMASC |
| PN |
| ná |
| ná |
| takePRED |
| V1 |
| dāo |
| dāo |
| knifeOBJPT |
| Ncomm |
| shā |
| shā |
| killPRED |
| V2 |
| sĭ |
| sĭ |
| diePRED |
| V3 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| yīzhĭ | |
| yī | zhĭ |
| one | CL |
| QUANT | |
| zhū |
| zhū |
| pigOBJPT |
| Ncomm |
我们开会讨论了那个问题。
“We have discussed that problem through holding the meeting.”
| wŏmen |
| wŏmen |
| weSBJAGT1PL |
| PN |
| kāihuì |
| kāihuì |
| hold.meetingPRED |
| V1 |
| tăolùn |
| tăolùn |
| discussPRED |
| V2 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| nèigè | |
| nèi | gè |
| that | CL |
| QUANT | |
| wèntí |
| wèntí |
| problemOBJPT |
| Ncomm |
他开车走了。
“He has driven away.”
| tā |
| tā |
| heSBJSG3PAGTMASC |
| PN |
| kāi |
| kāi |
| drivePRED |
| V1 |
| chē |
| chē |
| carOBJPT |
| Ncomm |
| zŏu |
| zŏu |
| goPRED |
| V2 |
| le |
| le |
| PRF |
| PRT |
张三坐汽车到了。
“Zhangsan has arrived with the car.”
| zhāngsān |
| zhāngsān |
| ZhangsanSBJAGT |
| Nbare |
| zuò |
| zuò |
| takePRED |
| V1 |
| qìchē |
| qìchē |
| carOBJINSTR |
| Ncomm |
| dào |
| dào |
| arrivePRED |
| V2 |
| le |
| le |
| PRF |
| PRT |
我弟弟开车出事了。
“My younger brother had an accident when driving.”
| wŏ |
| wŏ |
| IMOD |
| PNposs |
| dìdì |
| dìdì |
| younger.brotherSBJAGT |
| Ncomm |
| kāi |
| kāi |
| drivePRED |
| V1 |
| chē |
| chē |
| carOBJPT |
| Ncomm |
| chū |
| chū |
| exitPRED |
| V2 |
| shì |
| shì |
| accidentOBJ |
| Ncomm |
| le |
| le |
| PRF |
| PRT |
- SEM: [E1-activity +PERFECTIVE]completive+E2-activity
- SYN:V1+perfective le V2
煮了吃
“eat (it) after boiling (it)”
| zhŭ |
| zhŭ |
| boilPRED |
| V1 |
| le |
| le |
| PRF |
| PRT |
| chī |
| chī |
| eatPRED |
| V2 |
睡完了起来
“get up after finishing sleeping”
| shuìwán | |
| shuì | wán |
| sleepPRED | finishCOMPL |
| V1 | |
| le |
| le |
| PRF |
| PRT |
| qĭlái |
| qĭlái |
| get.upPRED |
| V2 |
他脱了鞋走进房去。
“He took off his shoes and went into the house.”
| tā |
| tā |
| heSBJSG3PAGTMASC |
| PN |
| tuō |
| tuō |
| take.offPRED |
| V1 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| xié |
| xié |
| shoesOBJPT |
| Ncomm |
| zŏu |
| zŏu |
| walkPRED |
| V2 |
| jìn |
| jìn |
| enterPRED |
| V3 |
| fáng |
| fáng |
| roomGOAL |
| Ncomm |
| qù |
| qù |
| goDIR |
| V4 |
他脱了鞋走进房去。
“He took off his shoes and went into the house.”
| tā |
| tā |
| heSBJSG3PAGTMASC |
| PN |
| tuō |
| tuō |
| take.offPRED |
| V1 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| xié |
| xié |
| shoesOBJPT |
| Ncomm |
| zŏu |
| zŏu |
| walkPRED |
| V2 |
| jìn |
| jìn |
| enterPRED |
| V3 |
| fáng |
| fáng |
| roomGOAL |
| Ncomm |
| qù |
| qù |
| goDIR |
| V4 |
他脱了鞋走了进去。
“He has teken off his shoes and went in.”
| tā |
| tā |
| heSBJAGT3SGMASC |
| PN |
| tuō |
| tuō |
| take.offPRED |
| V1 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| xié |
| xié |
| shoesOBJPT |
| Ncomm |
| zŏu |
| zŏu |
| walkPRED |
| V2 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| jìn |
| jìn |
| enterDIR |
| V3 |
| qù |
| qù |
| goDIR |
| V4 |
（它）折腾了半天发现那支苍蝇好像是死了。
“After doing over it repeatedly, (it) finds that the fly seems to be dead”
| (tā) |
| (tā) |
| (it)SBJ |
| PN |
| zhēteng |
| zhēteng |
| repeatedly.do.over |
| V1 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| bàntiān |
| bàntiān |
| a.half.day |
| ADVtemp |
| fāxiàn |
| fāxiàn |
| findPRED |
| V2 |
| nà |
| nà |
| that |
| DET |
| zhī |
| zhī |
| CL |
| CL |
| cāngying |
| cāngying |
| fly |
| Ncomm |
| hǎoxiàng |
| hǎoxiàng |
| seemingly |
| ADVm |
| shì |
| shì |
| isCOPPRED |
| V1 |
| sǐ |
| sǐ |
| die |
| V2 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
（它）看了半天发现苍蝇还是死的
“(it) has watched for a long time and finds that the fly is still dead.”
| (tā) |
| (tā) |
| (it)SBJ1P |
| PN |
| kàn |
| kàn |
| watchPRED |
| V1 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| bàn |
| bàn |
| halfADJ>ADV |
| ADJ |
| tiān |
| tiān |
| day |
| Ncomm |
| fāxiàn |
| fāxiàn |
| findPRED |
| V2 |
| cāngying |
| cāngying |
| flySBJ2p |
| Ncomm |
| hái |
| hái |
| still |
| ADVm |
| shì |
| shì |
| isCOP |
| V |
| sǐ |
| sǐ |
| dead |
| ADJ |
| de |
| de |
| deSTAT |
| PRT |
你是客，坐着喝了水再说。
“You are the guest, drink some water while sitting before we discuss.”
| nĭ |
| nĭ |
| youSBJAGT2SG |
| PN |
| shì |
| shì |
| arePRED |
| V1 |
| kè， |
| kè， |
| guestOBJ |
| Ncomm |
| zuò |
| zuò |
| sitPRED |
| V2 |
| zhe |
| zhe |
| PROG |
| PRT |
| hē |
| hē |
| drinkPRED |
| V3 |
| le |
| le |
| PFV |
| PRT |
| shuĭ |
| shuĭ |
| waterOBJPT |
| Ncomm |
| zài |
| zài |
| then |
| ADVm |
| shuō |
| shuō |
| sayPRED |
| V4 |