Difference between revisions of "NorVal resources"

Revision as of 12:22, 7 September 2021

This page describes resources related to the Norwegian Valence Catalogue NorVal.

An exhaustive description is given in:

Hellan, Lars, 2021. A valence catalogue for Norwegian. (In Loukanova (ed) Natural Language Processing in Artificial Intelligence - NLPinAI 2021. Springer. (To appear)

with exemplifying files in:

Supplementary Data for 'A valence catalogue for Norwegian': https://doi.org/10.18710/8U3L2U.

Overview

NorVal represents the valence frames of about 6300 Norwegian verbs. The number of frame types used in their classification is about 300, representing valence profiles like intransitive, transitive, ditransitive, copular, and more; grammatical functions such as ‘subject’, ‘object’, etc.; for an argument to be noun-headed vs. being an embedded clause (declarative, interrogative, or infinitival, in canonical or ‘extraposed’ position); for an argument to relate syntactically and semantically to the same predicate or not; occurrence of particles; all basic structures of ‘Logical Form’ as far as argument structure is reflected.

Not included in the lexical descriptions are senses, in the sense of definitions, paraphrases or synonyms, hence it is not a dictionary in the normal sense. For this reason, and due to its stripped-down formalism, we rather call it a valence catalogue.

Given that a verb can have more than one valence frame, a valence resource needs two kinds of entries, viz. entries for verb lemmas, and entries for a verb with a given frame; the latter we refer to as a ‘lexically instantiated valence frame’, for short '‘lexval'’. The former we refer to as a valpod.

Lexvals

The format of a lexval entry is illustrated by one of the frame environments for the verb lemma huske ‘remember’ in (2), instantiating the general coding pattern in (1):

(1)  Schema of a lexval:   
      Lemma – selectedItem (if any) __ FrameType

(2)   Example of a lexval:   
      huske-på__intrObl-oblDECL 

(2) reads as an entry with the lemma huske, the selected item på (‘on’), and the frame type ‘'intransitive with oblique'’, where the oblique argument consists of the preposition på and a declarative clause, as in (3):

(3) 	Han husket på at det var søndag  ‘He remembered that it was Sunday’

Valpods

The format of a multivalent verb lemma entry is illustrated in (4), where each constituting lexval is represented with ‘V’ as placeholder for the lemma (‘'EqSuInf’' stands for ‘infinitive equi-controlled by subject’). The structure of a valpod is essentially a set, although represented with ordering conventions among its members (e.g., intransitives before transitives).

(4)   huske:V__intr & V-på__intrObl-oblDECL & V-på__intrObl-oblEqSuInf & V-på__intrObl-oblINTERR & V-på__intrObl-oblN & V__tr & V__tr-obDECL & V__tr-obEqSuInf & V__tr-obINTERR

There are as many valpods as there are lemmas, i.e., 6300; the number of multi-membered valpods (like (4)) is about 3360.

Frame types

The notation for frame types uses the system Construction Labeling (‘CL’) (cf. Hellan and Dakubu 2010, Dakubu and Hellan 2017, and Hellan 2019), which characterizes verb-headed constructions and verb valence frames through strings of symbols built up in the following way:

   Head-POS – GlobalLabel – ArgumentLabel1- ArgumentLabel2 - …

An ArgumentLabel describes a constituent of the construction or frame, while a GlobalLabel represents a categorization of the construction or frame as a whole. Thus, for the description of the object of a clause or frame we use an ArgumentLabel, while in characterizing the clause or frame as a whole as transitive we use a GlobalLabel.

ArgumentLabels are composed of a prefix indicating the grammatical function (GF) of the constituent, followed by one or more parts indicating inherent properties of the constituent. For instance, obDECL is an ArgumentLabel with ob as GF-indicating prefix and DECL indicating that the constituent is a declarative clause.

GlobalLabels consist minimally of a symbol for overall valence, such as tr for ‘transitive’, in many cases with additional symbols indicating further structure. Thus, the frame representation intrObl-oblDECL in (2) has intrObl as GlobalLabel.

The number of ArgumentLabels and GlobalLabels is fairly large, and it is essential that the meaning they carry is in each case concise and transparent. (Moreover, to be better navigable and understandable, entries using the notations ought to be accompanied by illustrations, such as short exemplifying sentences.)

Files

The resource concretely consists of five files, as follows:

'lexvals-pure': a list of currently 15,753 lexval entries in the style of (2) above;

'lexvals-exemplified': the same entries as in ‘lexvals-pure’, exemplified with a short sentence;

'multivals': a list of all multi-membered valpods (defined relative to 3,360 lemmas);

'univals': a list of all uni-membered valpods (defined relative to 2,970 lemmas);

'valtypes_exemplified': a list of the 300 frame types, each with a lexval entry, and an example;

They are all text-files, the last one also in xl format. They are as yet not accessible through a web interface.

Frame types defined in NorVal

copAdj 
copAdj-suDECL 
copAdj-suINTERR 
copAdv 
copExpnAdj 
copExpnN-expnAbsinf 
copExpnN-expnDECL 
copExpnN-expnINTERRwh 
copExpnN-expnINTERRyn 
copExpnPP-expnDECL 
copExpnPP-expnINTERRyn 
copIdAbsinf 
copIdAbsinf-suAbsinf 
copIdDECL 
copIdN 
copIdINTERRwh 
copIdINTERRyn  
copImpersAdjLoc 
copN 
copN-suAbsinf 
copN-suDECL 
copN-suINTERRwh  
copN-suINTERRyn 
copPP 
copPP-suDECL 
copPredprtcl 
copToFind 
copToughAdj 
ditr 
ditrExpnSu-obMeas-expnEqIobInf 
ditr-iobRefl 
ditr-iobRefl-obDECL 
ditr-iobRefl-obEqIobInf 
ditr-iobRefl-obINTERR 
ditr-obDECL 
ditr-obEqIobBareinf 
ditr-obEqIobInf 
ditr-obEqSuInf 
ditr-obINTERR 
ditr-obINTERRwh 
ditr-iobRefl-obINTERRwh 
ditr-obINTERRyn 
ditr-iobRefl-obINTERRyn 
ditrObl-oblPRTOFiob 
ditr-suAbsinf 
ditr-suDECL 
ditr-suDECL-obDECL	
ditr-suDECL-obINTERR
ditr-suINTERR 
ditr-suINTERR-obINTERR 
impers  
impersObl-oblN 
impersPrtcl 
intr 
intrAdv 
intrAdvExpn-expnDECL 
intrAdvPresnt 
intrAdv-suDECL 
intrAuxmodScpr-scSuNrg-scBareinf 
intrAuxpassScpr-scSuNrg-scPass 
intrAuxperfScpr-scSuNrg-scPerf 
intrComp-compINTERR 
intrComp-suDECL-compINTERR 
intrExpn-expnAbsinf 
intrExpn-expnDECL 
intrExpn-expnINTERR 
intrLghtScpr-scAdj 
intrLghtScpr-scPredprtcl 
intrLghtScpr-scSuNrg-scPredprtcl 
intrObl-oblN-oblAbsinf 
intrObl-oblN-oblDECL 
intrObl-oblN-oblEqOblInf 
intrObl-oblN-oblEqSuInf 
intrObl-oblN-oblINTERR 
intrObl-oblN-oblN 
intrOblExlnk-oblExlnkAbsinf 
intrOblExlnk-oblExlnkDECL 
intrOblExlnk-oblExlnkINTERR 
intrOblExpn-expnDECL 
intrOblExpn-expnINTERRwh 
intrOblExpn-expnINTERRyn 
intrOblExpn-oblINTERRwh-expnINTERRwh 
intrOblExpn-oblINTERRwh-expnINTERRyn 
intrOblExpn-oblINTERRyn-expnINTERRwh 
intrOblExpn-oblINTERRyn-expnINTERRyn 
intrObl-oblAbsinf 
intrObl-oblDECL 
intrObl-oblEqSuInf 
intrObl-oblINTERR 
intrObl-oblINTERRwh  
intrObl-oblLoc 
intrObl-oblN 
intrObl-oblN-ACTIVITY 
intrObl-oblPRTOFsu 
intrObl-oblRefl 
intrOblRais-oblRaisInf 
intrObl-suAbsinf 
intrObl-suDECL-oblDECL 
intrObl-suDECL-oblN 
intrObl-suINTERR-oblINTERR 
intrObl-suINTERR-oblN 
intrPath-suDir-PUREORIENTATION 
intrPresnt 
intrPresntDir 
intrPresntLoc 
intrPresntObl-oblDECL 
intrPresntObl-oblINTERR 
intrPresntObl-oblN 
intrPrtcl 
intrPrtclExpn-expnAbsinf 
intrPrtclExpn-expnDECL 
intrPrtclOblExpn-expnDECL 
intrPrtclOblExpn-expnINTERRwh 
intrPrtclOblExpn-expnINTERRyn 
intrPrtclOblExpn-oblINTERRwh-expnINTERRwh 
intrPrtclOblExpn-oblINTERRwh-expnINTERRyn 
intrPrtclOblExpn-oblINTERRyn-expnINTERRwh 
intrPrtclOblExpn-oblINTERRyn-expnINTERRyn 
intrPrtclObl-oblAbsinf 
intrPrtclObl-oblDECL 
intrPrtclObl-oblEqSuInf 
intrPrtclObl-oblINTERR 
intrPrtclObl-oblINTERRwh 
intrPrtclObl-oblINTERRyn 
intrPrtclObl-oblLoc 
intrPrtclObl-oblN 
intrPrtclObl-oblPRTOFob 
intrPrtclOblRais-oblRaisInf 
intrPrtclObl-suDECL-oblN 
intrPrtclObl-suINTERR-oblINTERR 
intrPrtclObl-suINTERR-oblN 
intrPrtclScpr-scSuNrg-scPredprtclN 
intrPrtclScpr-scSuNrg-scPredprtclS 
intrPrtcl-SUSTAINEDACTIVITY 
intr-RESULT 
intrScprExpn-scAdj-expnAbsinf 
intrScprExpn-scAdj-expnDECL 
intrScprExpn-scAdj-expnINTERR 
intrScprPrtcl-scSuNrg-scAdj 
intrScpr-scPredprtcl 
intrScpr-scSuNrgCsd-scAdv 
intrScpr-scSuNrgCsd-scPred 
intrScpr-scSuNrg-scDir 
intrScpr-scSuNrg-scInf 
intrScpr-scSuNrg-scN 
intrScpr-scSuNrg-scPred 
intrScpr-scSuNrg-scPredprtcl 
intrScpr-scSuNrg-scPredprtclN 
intrScpr-scSuNrg-scPredprtclS 
intr-suAbsinf 
intr-suDECL 
intr-suDir 
intr-suDirTemp 
intr-suINTERR 
intrPresnt-RESULT 
tr 
trAdv 
trAdv-obRefl 
trExpnOb-expnAbsinf 
trExpnOb-expnCOND 
trExpnOb-expnDECL 
trExpnSu-expnAbsinf 
trExpnSu-expnCOND 
trExpnSu-expnDECL 
trExpnSu-expnEqObInf 
trExpnSu-expnINTERR 
trExpnSu-expnINTERRwh 
trExpnSu-expnINTERRyn 
trExpnSu-obMeas-expnAbsinf 	
trExpnSu-obRefl-expnAbsinf 
trExpnSu-obRefl-expnDECL  
trExpnSu-obRefl-expnINTERRwh 
trExpnSu-obRefl-expnINTERRyn 
trImpers-obRefl 
tr-obAbsinf 
tr-obDECL 
tr-obDECL-obV 
tr-obDir 
tr-obEqBareinf 
tr-obEqSuInf 
tr-obEventunit 
tr-obINTERR 
trObl-oblN-oblDECL 
trObl-oblN-oblEqObInf 
trObl-oblN-oblINTERR 
trObl-oblN-oblN 
trObl-obRefl-oblN-oblAbsinf  
trObl-obRefl-oblN-oblINTERR  
trObl-obRefl-oblN-oblN  
trOblExpnOb-expnAbsinf 
trOblExpnSu-oblEqObInf-expnDECL 
trOblExpnSu-oblEqObInf-expnEqObInf 
trOblExpnSu-oblN-expnDECL 
trOblExpnSu-oblN-expnEqObInf 
trObl-obAbsinf-oblAbsinf 
trObl-obAbsinf-oblN 
trObl-obDECL-oblN 
trObl-obEqOblInf-oblN 
trObl-obEqSuInf-oblEqSuInf 
trObl-obEqSuInf-oblN 
trObl-obEqSuInf-oblRefl 
trObl-obINTERR-oblN 
trObl-oblAbsinf 
trObl-oblDECL 
trObl-oblEqObInf 
trObl-oblEqSuInf 
trObl-oblINTERR 
trObl-oblLoc 
trObl-oblN 
trObl-oblPRTOFob 
trObl-oblRefl 
trObl-obRefl-oblAbsinf 
trObl-obRefl-oblDECL 
trObl-obRefl-oblEqObInf 
trObl-obRefl-oblINTERR 
trObl-obRefl-oblLoc 
trObl-obRefl-oblN 
trObl-obRefl-oblPRTOFob 
trOblRais-oblRaisObInf 
trObl-suDECL 
trObl-suDECL-oblDECL 
trObl-suDECL-oblEqObInf 
trObl-suDECL-oblINTERR 
trObl-suDECL-oblN 
trObl-suEqObInf-oblEqObInf 
trObl-suEqObInf-oblN 
tr-obRefl 
tr-obRefl-obDir 
trPath-obDir-ORIENTING 
trPath-obRefl-obDir 
trPresnt 
trPresntDir-obRefl 
trPresntLoc-obRefl 
trPresnt-obRefl 
trPrtcl 
trPrtclExpnOb-expnDECL 
trPrtcl-obDECL 
trPrtcl-obEqSuInf 
trPrtcl-obINTERR 
trPrtclObl-obINTERR 
trPrtclObl-oblEqObInf 
trPrtclObl-oblINTERR 
trPrtclObl-oblN 
trPrtclObl-oblPRTOFob 
trPrtclObl-obRefl-oblDECL 
trPrtclObl-obRefl-oblEqObInf 
trPrtclObl-obRefl-oblINTERR 
trPrtclObl-obRefl-oblPRTOFob 
trPrtclObl-obRefl-oblN 
trPrtcl-obRefl 
trPrtclScpr-obRefl-scObNrg-scPredprtcl 
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scAdj-expnAbsinf 
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scAdj-expnDECL 
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scAdj-expnINTERR 
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclAdj-expnAbsinf 
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclAdj-expnDECL 
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclAdj-expnINTERR 
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclInf-expnAbsinf 
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclInf-expnDECL 
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclInf-expnINTERR 
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclN-expnAbsinf 
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclN-expnDECL 
trScprExpnOb-scObNrg-scPredprtclN-expnINTERR 
trScpr-obDECL-scPPrefl 
trScpr-obEqSuInf-scPPrefl 
trScpr-obRefl-scObLoc 
trScpr-obRefl-scObDir 
trScpr-obRefl-scObNrgCsd-scPred 
trScpr-obRefl-scObNrg-scBareinf 
trScpr-obRefl-scObNrg-scN 
trScpr-obRefl-scObNrg-scPred 
trScpr-obRefl-scPP 
trScpr-obRefl-scPred 
trScpr-obRefl-scPredprtcl 
trScpr-obRefl-scPredprtclInf 
trScpr-obRefl-scSuNrg-scBareinf-suRAISsuMob 
trScpr-obRefl-scSuNrg-scInf 
trScpr-obRefl-scSuNrg-scPred 
trScpr-scObCsd 
trScpr-scObLoc 
trScpr-scObNrgCsd-scPred 
trScpr-scObNrg-scBareinf 
trScpr-scObNrg-scBareinf-obRAISsuMob 
trScpr-scObNrg-scInf 
trScpr-scObNrg-scN 
trScpr-scObNrg-scPred 
trScpr-scPasscmplx 
trScpr-scPPrefl 
trScpr-scPredprtcl 
trScpr-scPredprtclInf 
trScpr-scSuNrg-scInf 
trScpr-scSuNrg-scN 
trScpr-scSuNrg-scPred 
trScpr-scSuNrg-scPredprtcl 
tr-suAbsinf 
tr-suAbsinf-obAbsinf 
tr-suDECL 
tr-suDECL-obDECL 
tr-suDir 
tr-suDir-obLengthunit 
tr-suDir-obRefl 
tr-suEqObInf 
tr-suINTERR 
tr-suINTERR-obINTERR

Feature structures of frame types

Here will come explanations and illustrations of the frame type labels, and feature structures representing the various types. A further resource, to be later described, will allow one to automatically see grammatical feature structures associated with the frame types. A preliminary download site for this resource is: http://regdili.hf.ntnu.no:8081/typegramusers/menu. We aim to have this available by late September 2021.