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Sentence adverbials in Norwegian

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Sentence adverbials

Sentence adverbials (in the form of adverbs, adverb phrases and prepositional phrases) mostly occur at the end of a clause. However, they can also occur adjacent to the finite verb, as illustrated below. Some adverbs, often called sentence adverbs, even have this as their main position. In main clause, this position is right after the finite verb, in subordinate clauses right before it.

(1) Time adverb after the finite verb in main clause:

Hun har idag hoppet.
“she today has jumped”
Hun
hun
3SGFEM
PN
har
har
havePRES
AUX
idag
idag
today
ADVtemp
hoppet
hoppet
jumpPRFPTCP
V


(2) Negation adverb after the finite verb in main clause:

Hun har ikke hoppet.
“she has not jumped”
Hun
hun
3SGFEM
PN
har
har
havePRES
AUX
ikke
ikke
NEG
ADVneg
hoppet
hoppet
jumpPRFPTCP
 


(3) Time adverb preceding the finite verb in subordinate clause:

Jeg vet at hun idag har hoppet.
“I know that she has jumped today”
Jeg
jeg
1SG
PN
vet
vet
PRES
V
at
at
that
COMP
hun
hun
3SGFEM
PN
idag
idag
today
ADVtemp
har
har
havePRES
AUX
hoppet
hoppet
jumpPRFPTCP
V


(4) Negation adverb preceding the finite verb in subordinate clause:

Jeg vet at hun ikke har hoppet idag.
“I know that she hasn't jumped today”
Jeg
jeg
1SG
N
vet
vet
knowPRES
V
at
at
thatDECL
COMP
hun
hun
3SGFEM
PN
ikke
ikke
NEG
ADVneg
har
har
havePRES
AUX
hoppet
hoppet
jumpPRFPTCP
V
idag
idag
today
ADVm


In main, declarative clauses, an adverbial can also occur clause initially; the subject is then moved behind the finite verb (see Subject-Verb Inversion in Norwegian):

(5) Fronted adverb in declarative main clause, with Subject-Verb Inversion:

Idag har hun hoppet langt.
“today she has jumped far”
Idag
idag
today
ADVtemp
har
har
havePRES
AUX
hun
hun
3SGFEM
PN
hoppet
hoppet
jumpPRFPTCP
V
langt
langt
 
ADV


Related pages

Sentence syntax - Norwegian

Subject-Verb Inversion in Norwegian

Verb Complementation - Norwegian

Infinitives in Norwegian

Past and Perfective patterns in Norwegian

Personal pronouns in Norwegian

Reflexives - Norwegian

The Noun Phrase - Norwegian

Agreement in Norwegian noun phrases

Definite determiners in Norwegian

Possessive constructions in Norwegian

Gender in Norwegian nouns

Coordination marking in Norwegian

Reflexive verbs in Norwegian

Verb - Preposition expressions in Norwegian


--Lars Hellan (talk) 21:06, 27 December 2015 (CET)