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Krio Corpus

Revision as of 17:15, 5 September 2016 by Anna Struck (Talk | contribs)


A Krio narrative

Currently, there is a public text from the Corpus, which shows an example of a typical Krio short story. The english translation is listed parallell to the Krio story and makes it easier to look at the differences made in, for example, the Speech-Event time and the marking of tenses.

https://typecraft.org/tc2wiki/A_Krio_narrative


About the project

The objective of our study is to model the Krio TMA system using a written Krio corpus. We have studied the system in terms of its grammatical features. We then imported these features into the narrative domain which imposes its own set of features. This leads to a new relationship between feature sets.

Our theoretical aim is to present a domain analysis of features in order to model them according to the requirements introduced by the domain.

Our practical aim is to use the model to achieve a more realistic description of the Krio TMA system in terms of its features and the use of its exponents. [1]


About the Corpus

The Krio Corpus consists of 33 short stories and transcribed narrations and a total of 937 phrases (8299 words). For all phrases in the corpus that have been annotated, it is layered in a systematical fashion of three analytical tiers, a meaning tier and a Gloss and POS tier. [2][3]

The Tense, Modality, Aspect features

The annotations in Krio have been made in consideration to a tense, modailty and aspect features system. Each category contains four tags.

  • Tense
    • Past
    • Past Perfect
    • Perfect
    • Future
  • Modality
    • Dynamic
    • Epistemic
    • Deontic
    • Conditional
  • Aspect
    • Continuous
    • Inceptive
    • Completive
    • Habitual

The verbal tense system has a particular ordering that can be expressed as a formula:

past [0...1] ⊰ MODAL [0...1] ⊰ TNS-perf [0...1] ⊰ ASP [0...2] ROOT ⊱ASP-compl [0...1]


Particularities

The perfect tense

The Krio perfect is formed using dɔn which is derived from the Krio verb dɔn 'finish'. As a tense marker the verb occurs in a preverbal or pre-copular position. In a post verbal position dɔn functions as a light verb and marks the completive aspect.


The future tense

The Krio future marker is the preverb gò which is derived from the Krio verb go. The Krio future refers to a time after the time in focus.


Modality

Kin marks as a preverb habitual aspect; as a modal verb it expresses dynamic modality (ability), as well as epistemic modality. It also naturally occurs in conditional construction, communicating contingent possibility.



Annotation profiles

Gloss tags
Tag Word
FUT future tense
PRF perfect tense
PAST past tense
DEF definitive
EXCL exclusive
NEG negation
INDEF indefinitive
FOC focus
SBJ subject
OBJ object
DIR direction
PL plural
HAB habitual aspect
CONT continuous aspect
INCEP inceptive aspect
DIR direction
LOC location
PURP purpose clause
REDP reduplication
CMPL complement
POSS possessive


POS tags
Tag Word
N noun
V verb
PN pronoun
PUN punctuation
DET determiner
Vpre preverb
Vmod modal verb
Vlght light verb
V1 first serial verb
V2 second serial verb
V3 third serial verb
PRT particle
ADJ adjective
PREP preposition
ADV adverb
CONJ conjunction
CONJC connect. conjunction
CONJS sub. conjunction
PNrel relative pronoun
PNposs possessive pronoun
NPname personal name
COP copular
NUM numeral
DEM demonstrative
COMP comparative
Np personal name
ADVplc placement adverb
ADVtemp temporal adverb
PNrefl reflexive pronoun
PREPdir directional preposition
ORD ordering
INTRJCT interjection
QUANT quantifier
PNdem demonstrative pronoun
Wh Question word




  1. As quoted by Professor Dorothee Beermann at the SLE Conference in Naple, June 2016
  2. The original resource has been created by Beatrice Owusua Nyampong, a native speaker of Krio.
  3. Preserving the resource, we added new layers of annotation reflecting the Kri TMA system in the light of the analysis presented here.