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Adverbial Conjunction in Konkomba

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by Mary Steele

There is an Adverbial Conjunction aah which immediately precedes the verb and takes an obligatory clause final particle na. This may express Time, Reason (because), (or Manner with an additional particle pu immediately preceding the final particle na). Here an example:

Ute aah chuun nsan ni na, uwaa juu u.
“‘When his/her father was walking along the path a snake bit him.’”
Ute
ute
3SGfather
PNposs
aah
aah
while
PRT
chuun
chuun
walk
V
nsan
nsan
8road
N
ni
ni
onLOC
PPOST
na
na
 
PRT
uwaa
uwaa
1snake
N
juu
juu
bit
V
u
u
him3SG
PN


Temporal:

When expressing time with a Nominal Subject, as in:

Uja ngbaan aah finn na, le Uwumbɔr di upii ngbaan dan u chee.
When the man awoke God brought the woman to him.

or in the following example extracted from TypeCraft:

Maah cha kisaak na m kan upeeman.
“‘When I was going to the farm I saw an antelope.’”
Maah
maah
I1SGwhile
PN
cha
cha
go
V
kisaak
kisaak
4farm4
N
na
na
 
PRT
m
m
I1SG
PN
kan
kan
saw
V
upeeman
upeeman
1animalred
N