https://typecraft.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Allen+Asiimwe&feedformat=atomTypeCraft - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T14:45:56ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.24.2https://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Runyankore-Rukiga_Corpus&diff=17577Runyankore-Rukiga Corpus2021-02-23T07:15:05Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
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<div><br />
'''The Runyankore-Rukiga <ref>Runyakitara is standard language based on four closely related languages of western Uganda. These four languages are ((Ru)nyore, (Ru)tooro, (Ru)nyankore, and (Ru)kiga. These languages are spoken in south-western Uganda by approximately 6 million people according to the Uganda National Population and Housing Census report (2014). (Ru)nyankore (ISO 639-3 nyn) and (Ru)kiga (ISO 639-3 cgg ) are spoken in the Ankola and the Kigeza region respectively. Here we refer to (Ru)nyankore, and (Ru)kiga as Runyankore-Rukiga. </ref> Corpus is a Interlinear Text Corpus which has been designed to support linguistic studies of the language. On this page we describe the corpus and we make available downloads of sentence collections which were created to inform the study of specific construction types of the language. <br />
'''<br />
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'''Go to [[#Description of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus|descriptive section]] to learn more about the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus. <br />
'''<br />
'''To download the Locative expression sentence collection go the [[#Download|Download section]]''' <br />
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===Data collections===<br />
The material available for download from this site are small-sized linguistic data collections of several hundred sentences which were created using the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus. <ref>TypeCraft allows users to create their own sentence collections from an existing corpus which makes it possible for them to apply new annotations to already annotated data.</ref>. This way users are able to prepare data sets choosing examples from the corpus to apply customized additional labeling, thus applying attributes and extracting wordlists that suit their research. <br />
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====Locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga - A data collection====<br />
The Locative expressions data collection consists of around 600 sentences. The data is a collection of examples selected from the Runyankore-Rukiga corpus where they were extracted through a query for the locative words "omu", "aha" and their long forms "ahari" and "omuri" . The examples reflect work between 2010 and approximately 2015 by different graduate students in linguistics. The Locative expression collection was created in 2018 by by Allen Asiimwe and Dorothee Beermann. <br />
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<br />
==== Download ====<br />
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[[File:ZipFile.jpg]]<br />
[[File: RR loc15-03-2020 300.zip]] <br />
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The zip file consists of 300 sentences in TC-XML format. The TC locative subcorpus is an aggregation of 664 sentences which have been extracted from the TC-Runyankore-Rukiga corpus described below.<br />
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<br />
===Description of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus===<br />
====Creation ====<br />
The TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus of which the data presented here is a part, consists of narratives and short stories, as well as elicited data. Texts are either transcriptions of oral narratives or fragments of newspaper texts from the Runyankore-Rukiga weekly newspaper ''Orumuri''. <ref>Today Orumuri can still be found on Facebook [https://www.facebook.com/orumuri/ Orumuri], but most of the articles presented are now in English. </ref> We also digitised sections taken from the novel Abagyenda Bareeba ‘Adventures of travelers' by Mubangizi (1997) <ref>Mubangizi, B.K.(1997) Abagyenda Bareeba. Memorial Single Volume. Kisubi: Marianum Press.</ref>.<br />
The data was created by native-speaker linguistics graduates as part of their class work, or in the context of their master’s thesis between 2006 and 2013. The creation process was a collaborative effort coordinated by the principal investigators Dr. Allen Asiimwe (Makerere University, Uganda) and Prof. Dorothee Beermann (NTNU, Trondheim) . The main student contributors were Justus Turamyomwe, Misah Natumanya and Allen Asiimwe. The collection has been extended continuously. For a closer look at the entire corpus please go to the TypeCraft.database. <ref>You can search the TypeCraft database from the navigation bar on the left side of your browser window. Select from the TypeCraft Tools menu, Search Texts, then specify the Language, and Press ENTER.</ref>.<br />
<br />
==== Size and Format====<br />
<br />
The TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus consists of 143 426 words, corresponding to 28 057 sentences. Gries & Berez (2017) <ref>Gries, Stefan Th., Berez Andrea, L. (2017) Linguistic Annotations in/for Corpus Linguistics. In: Ide, Nancy, Pustejovsky, James (eds) ''Handbook of Linguistics Annotation'', Springer.</ref>mention that corpora that are documentary-linguistic in nature, which also applies to this corpus, tend to be small compared with standard corpora. Data collecting is slow and depends on the individual effort of linguists working together with local communities. Creating a balanced or representative corpus is often difficult (Gries & Berez, p.381), <br />
<br />
Most corpus analyses are based on creating frequency lists. Typical for such word lists is a frequency profile where function words are most frequent followed by content words. Looking at the 20 most frequent word forms in the RR TC-corpus most of these words in fact belong to the functional word classes.<br />
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'''Table 1.''' '''Most frequent 20 words in the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus'''<br />
[[File:RR most-frequent-words.png ]]<br />
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====Annotations and Standards====<br />
We have used two layers of annotation for the labeling of the RR-corpus. Traditionally linguists do not consistently annotate examples for word class, but in the wake of the Digital Humanities leading to a closer cooperation between linguistics and computer scientist, POS-tagged corpora from linguistic work have become more common.<br />
Short definitions of the POS symbols can be found here: [https://typecraft.org/tc2wiki/Special:TypeCraft/POSTags/ TypeCraft POS tags]<br />
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''Table 2. Part of Speech tags used for the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga'''<br />
[[File:RR pos 080120.png]]<br />
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The TypeCraft editor supports the in-depth word-by-word annotation for which TypeCraft platform provides a list of over 300 glosses. Projects working with TypeCraft can ask for customised glossing lists. For the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga we worked with TypeCraft's standard Glossing list, using 74 different tags. 13 different noun class tags were used, and the two most frequently used glosses are ''Initial-'' and ''Final-Vowel''. The legend of the pie chart in Figure 1 lists the Glosses in the order of their frequency from the left to the right, starting from the top. <br />
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Short definitions of the Gloss symbols can be found here: [https://typecraft.org/tc2wiki/Special:TypeCraft/GlossTags/ TypeCraft GLOSS tags].<br />
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'''Figure 1. Glosses used for the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga'''<br />
[[File:RR glosses-09-2018.png]]</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Runyankore-Rukiga_Corpus&diff=17320Runyankore-Rukiga Corpus2019-04-27T10:46:24Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* Creation of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Purpose of the corpus===<br />
The Corpus of Locative Expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga was created to allow the study of Locative Expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga a Bantu Language spoken in south-western Uganda by approximately 6 million people according to the Uganda National Population and Housing Census report (2014).<br />
<br />
===Description of the corpus===<br />
This corpus is a sub-corpus of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus [ -- packaged -- time stamped ---]. It consists of naturally occurring data, as well as elicited sentences which we found relevant for our study of locative expressions. The packaged data available from this site consists of 298 in depth annotated sentences. The data is provided in XML format. <br />
<br />
====Annotations and Standards====<br />
<br />
===Creation of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus===<br />
The TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus of which the data presented here is a part, consists of narratives and short stories, as well as elicited data. Texts are either transcriptions of oral narratives or fragments of newspaper texts from the Runyankore-Rukiga weekly newspaper ''Orumuri''. We also digitalised sections taken from the novel Abagyenda Bareeba ‘Adventures of travelers' by Mubangizi (1997).<br />
The data was created by native-speaker graduates as part of their class work or in the context of their master’s thesis between 2006 and 20xx. The creation process was a collaborative effort coordinated by the principal investigators Dr. Allen Asiimwe (Makerere University, Uganda) and Prof. Dorothee Beermann (NTNU, Trondheim) . The main student contributers were Justus Turamyomwe and Misah Natumanya and Allen Asiimwe. The collection has been extended continuously. For a closer look at the entire corpus please go to TypeCraft.org. Select from the TypeCraft Tools menu, Search Texts. The Search interface lets you choose a language. To see all texts in Runyankore-Rukiga, type the name into the provided field.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Runyankore-Rukiga_Corpus&diff=17319Runyankore-Rukiga Corpus2019-04-27T10:07:14Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* Creation of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Purpose of the corpus===<br />
The Corpus of Locative Expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga was created to allow the study of Locative Expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga a Bantu Language spoken in south-western Uganda by approximately 6 million people according to the Uganda National Population and Housing Census report (2014).<br />
<br />
===Description of the corpus===<br />
This corpus is a sub-corpus of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus [ -- packaged -- time stamped ---]. It consists of naturally occurring data, as well as elicited sentences which we found relevant for our study of locative expressions. The packaged data available from this site consists of 298 in depth annotated sentences. The data is provided in XML format. <br />
<br />
====Annotations and Standards====<br />
<br />
===Creation of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus===<br />
The TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus of which the data presented here is a part, consists of narratives and short stories, as well as elicited data. Texts are either transcriptions of oral narratives or fragments of newspaper texts from the Runyankore-Rukiga weekly newspaper ''Orumuri''. We also digitalised sections taken from the novel Abagyenda Bareeba ‘Adventures of travelers' by Mubangizi (1997). (REF) <br />
The data was created by native-speaker graduates as part of their class work or in the context of their master’s thesis between 2006 and 20xx. The creation process was a collaborative effort coordinated by the principal investigators Dr. Allen Asiimwe (Makerere University, Uganda) and Prof. Dorothee Beermann (NTNU, Trondheim) . The main student contributers were Justus Turamyomwe and Misah Natumanya and Allen Asiimwe. The collection has been extended continuously. For a closer look at the entire corpus please go to TypeCraft.org. Select from the TypeCraft Tools menu, Search Texts. The Search interface lets you choose a language. To see all texts in Runyankore-Rukiga, type the name into the provided field.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Runyankore-Rukiga_Corpus&diff=17318Runyankore-Rukiga Corpus2019-04-27T10:06:44Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* Creation of the TypeCraft Ruynankore Rukiga corpus */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Purpose of the corpus===<br />
The Corpus of Locative Expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga was created to allow the study of Locative Expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga a Bantu Language spoken in south-western Uganda by approximately 6 million people according to the Uganda National Population and Housing Census report (2014).<br />
<br />
===Description of the corpus===<br />
This corpus is a sub-corpus of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus [ -- packaged -- time stamped ---]. It consists of naturally occurring data, as well as elicited sentences which we found relevant for our study of locative expressions. The packaged data available from this site consists of 298 in depth annotated sentences. The data is provided in XML format. <br />
<br />
====Annotations and Standards====<br />
<br />
===Creation of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus===<br />
The TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus of which the data presented here is a part, consists of narratives and short stories, as well as elicited data. Texts are either transcriptions of oral narratives or fragments of newspaper texts from the Runyankore-Rukiga weekly newspaper ''Orumuri''. We also digitalised sections taken from the novel Abagyenda Bareeba ‘Adventures of travelers' by Mubangizi (1997). (REF) <br />
The data was created by native-speaker graduates as part of their class work or in the context of their master’s thesis between 2006 and 20xx. The creation process was a collaborative effort coordinated by the principal investigators Dr. Allen Asiimwe (Makerere University, Uganda) and Prof. Dorothee Beermann (NTNU, Trondheim) . The main student contributers were Justus Turamyomwe and Misah Natumanya...., ......., .........,. The collection has been extended continuously. For a closer look at the entire corpus please go to TypeCraft.org. Select from the TypeCraft Tools menu, Search Texts. The Search interface lets you choose a language. To see all texts in Runyankore-Rukiga, type the name into the provided field.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Runyankore-Rukiga_Corpus&diff=17317Runyankore-Rukiga Corpus2019-04-27T10:03:23Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* Description of the corpus */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Purpose of the corpus===<br />
The Corpus of Locative Expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga was created to allow the study of Locative Expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga a Bantu Language spoken in south-western Uganda by approximately 6 million people according to the Uganda National Population and Housing Census report (2014).<br />
<br />
===Description of the corpus===<br />
This corpus is a sub-corpus of the TypeCraft Runyankore-Rukiga corpus [ -- packaged -- time stamped ---]. It consists of naturally occurring data, as well as elicited sentences which we found relevant for our study of locative expressions. The packaged data available from this site consists of 298 in depth annotated sentences. The data is provided in XML format. <br />
<br />
====Annotations and Standards====<br />
<br />
===Creation of the TypeCraft Ruynankore Rukiga corpus===<br />
The TypeCraft Ruynankore Rukiga corpus of which the data presented here is a part of consists of narratives and short stories, as well as elicited data. Texts are either transcriptions of oral narratives or fragments of newspaper texts from the Runyankore-Rukiga weekly newspaper Orumuri. We also digitalised sections taken from the novel Abagyenda Bareeba ‘Adventures of travelers' by Mubangizi (1997). (REF) <br />
The data was created by native-speaker graduates as part of their class work or in the context of their master’s thesis between 20xx and 20xx. The creation process was a collaborative effort coordinated by the principal investigators Dr. Allen Asiimwe (Makerere University, Uganda) and Prof. Dorothee Beermann (NTNU, Trondheim) . The main student contributers were Justus ...., ......., .........,. The collection has been extended continuously. For a closer look at the entire corpus go to TypeCraft.org. Select from the TypeCraft Tools menu, Search Texts. The Search interface lets you choose a language. To see all text in Runyankore-Rukiga type the name into the provide field.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Runyankore-Rukiga_Corpus&diff=17316Runyankore-Rukiga Corpus2019-04-27T10:02:19Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* Purpose of the corpus */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Purpose of the corpus===<br />
The Corpus of Locative Expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga was created to allow the study of Locative Expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga a Bantu Language spoken in south-western Uganda by approximately 6 million people according to the Uganda National Population and Housing Census report (2014).<br />
<br />
===Description of the corpus===<br />
This corpus is a sub-corpus of the TypeCraft Runyankore Rukiga corpus [ -- packaged -- time stamped ---]. It consists of naturally occurring data, as well as of elicited sentences which we found relevant for our study of locative expressions. The packaged data available from this site consists of 298 in depth annotated sentences. The data is provided in XML format. <br />
<br />
====Annotations and Standards====<br />
<br />
===Creation of the TypeCraft Ruynankore Rukiga corpus===<br />
The TypeCraft Ruynankore Rukiga corpus of which the data presented here is a part of consists of narratives and short stories, as well as elicited data. Texts are either transcriptions of oral narratives or fragments of newspaper texts from the Runyankore-Rukiga weekly newspaper Orumuri. We also digitalised sections taken from the novel Abagyenda Bareeba ‘Adventures of travelers' by Mubangizi (1997). (REF) <br />
The data was created by native-speaker graduates as part of their class work or in the context of their master’s thesis between 20xx and 20xx. The creation process was a collaborative effort coordinated by the principal investigators Dr. Allen Asiimwe (Makerere University, Uganda) and Prof. Dorothee Beermann (NTNU, Trondheim) . The main student contributers were Justus ...., ......., .........,. The collection has been extended continuously. For a closer look at the entire corpus go to TypeCraft.org. Select from the TypeCraft Tools menu, Search Texts. The Search interface lets you choose a language. To see all text in Runyankore-Rukiga type the name into the provide field.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=School_of_Languages,_Literature_and_Communication_-_Makerere_University&diff=17312School of Languages, Literature and Communication - Makerere University2019-04-24T13:24:35Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* Runyakitara subject Coordinator */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:CrestMakerere.jpeg|100px||left ]]<br />
<br />
'''The School of Languages, Literature and Communication''' is one of the Schools in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, [http://mak.ac.ug/ Makerere University].<br />
<br />
[[Image:MUIL-2.JPG|thumb|450px||right| The Upper Block of the School of Languages, Literature and Communication]]<br />
<br />
The School has 5 departments, but the former Institute of Languages transformed into three departments: The Department of African Languages, The Department of European and Oriental Languages and the Department of Linguistics, English Language Studies and Communication.<br />
<br />
===African Languages Department===<br />
This Department is headed by Dr Gilbert Gumoshabe<br />
<br />
E-mail: gumoshabegilbert@gmail.com or gumoshabe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
The languages taught in the department are Luganda, Runyakitara (i.e. Runyoro-Rutooro and Runyakore-Rukiga), Lwo, and Swahili<br />
<br />
<br />
====Luganda==== <br />
<br />
The Luganda as a subject was introduced in 1976. The Institute of Languages offers a Bachelor of Arts (Arts) and a Bachelor of Arts (Education) degree in Luganda. Luganda is taught in combination with two other subjects (of one's choice) for a BA (A) degree, and one other subject for a BA (Education). In addition students of Journalism and Communication and Library and Information science opt for this language. <br />
<br />
Although the Institute has a decade long experience in teaching Luganda, we still faces great challenges: Luganda is not yet well described and documented; in addition we still lack the digital language resources to facilitate this work. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
=====Luganda Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': [[User:Medadi_Erisa_Ssentanda|Medadi Ssentanda (PhD)]], Room LB 27, Tel: +256782 333669<br />
<br />
E-mail: ssentanda@chuss.mak.ac.ug or medadies@gmail.com<br />
<br />
====Runyakitara==== <br />
<br />
<br />
=====Background===== <br />
Runyakitara is one of the subjects offered at the Institute of Languages, where it was introduced as a subject in 1990. Runyakitara is a name given to the four major dialects found in Western Uganda namely Runyoro, Rutooro, Runyankore and Rukiga. <br />
<br />
Runyakitara is a subject for a Bachelor of Arts Degree. It is offered in a combination with two other subjects. <br />
<br />
To offer Runyakitara as a subject was based on the following considerations:<br />
* Runyakitara is linguistically under-described and lacks language resources in form of written and digital material., <br />
* There is a high demand for people being educated in Runyakitara, <br />
* There is a high demand for educational and other resources written in Runyakitara, such as: textbooks, dictionaries, information and written material for tourists. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Runyakitara subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''contact''': [[user:Allen_Asiimwe|Allen Asiimwe (PhD)]], LB 27; Phone: +256776846984<br />
<br />
E-mail: asiimwea94@gmail.com or a.asiimwe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
===Swahili===<br />
Swahili is one of the languages taught int he department of African Languages. <br />
For details please contact the ===Subject Coordinator=== Dr Innocent Masengo on Email: kazises@gmail.com or innomase2@chuss.mak.ac.ug Tel. +256772966126.<br />
<br />
===Lwo=== <br />
The Lwo family of languages consists of several dialects like Acholi, Lango, Dhopadhola, Alur and Kumam.<br />
<br />
The language family has a large number of speakers not only in Uganda but also in Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan; thus making it an important regional language.<br />
<br />
=====Lwo Subject Coordinator=====<br />
Ms Jane Alowo, Office LB 35; Phone: +256702507937<br />
<br />
===Communication Skills===<br />
Communication Skills (CSK) is an interdisciplinary course that draws on insights from a number of disciplines in the Arts and Social Sciences like English, Mass Communication, Sociology, Psychology, History, Literature and others to help develop your knowledge on how people communicate.<br />
<br />
Communication skills prepares the students for the information age. The students will learn how to acquire, store, manipulate and use information effectively. The students will be equipped with principles that will inform their understanding of varied audiences and enable them to interact effectively with individuals and technologies. They will also learn how to process information using different media and how to create meaning about the world in a broad range of professional contexts. <br />
In addition they will acquire the essential communication skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing, as well as critical thinking and analytical skills that are fundamental for all University Courses.<br />
A graduate of Communication Skills can be employed in virtually any position in the modern world that depends on information.<br />
<br />
With a background in Communication Skills, students can excel in position of marketing, sales, advertising, public relations, development communication, journalism, interactive media, design and production, personnel administration, training, consulting, academics, research and many others.<br />
<br />
Graduates of communication skills are therefore trained to work in any organisation that deals with people and requires knowledge of communication and information technology.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Communication Skills Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': Dr Levis Mugumya, Room UB 15, Tel: +256 772475807<br />
<br />
E-mail: lmugumya@gmail.com<br />
<br />
===English Language Studies(ELS)===<br />
<br />
English Language Studies (ELS) is one of the subjects offered in the Department of Linguistics, English Language and Communication Skills. <br />
<br />
=====English Language Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact:'''<br />
Justus Turamyomwe, Room LB 12, Tel +256 782962178<br />
<br />
E-mail: justomwe@ahoo.co.uk<br />
<br />
===German Language===<br />
<br />
The Coordinator for the German Language:<br />
William Wagaba (PhD)<br />
wwagaba@yahoo.com<br />
<br />
<br />
===French Language===<br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
===Centre for Language and Communication Services===<br />
The Centre for Language and Communication Services Communication provides a number of services to a wide range of both local and foreign clients. This Institute draws on the language expertise of its members of staff and professionals to render services. <br />
The unit is run by a remarkably Dedicated Projects Management Committee that markets and supervises services in the areas of:<br />
* Teaching Languages: English, Kiswahilli, Arabic, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese and local languages, Luganda, Runyakitara, Lwo etc. <br />
* Translation and Interpretation services</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=School_of_Languages,_Literature_and_Communication_-_Makerere_University&diff=17311School of Languages, Literature and Communication - Makerere University2019-04-24T13:04:16Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* Runyakitara subject Coordinator */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:CrestMakerere.jpeg|100px||left ]]<br />
<br />
'''The School of Languages, Literature and Communication''' is one of the Schools in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, [http://mak.ac.ug/ Makerere University].<br />
<br />
[[Image:MUIL-2.JPG|thumb|450px||right| The Upper Block of the School of Languages, Literature and Communication]]<br />
<br />
The School has 5 departments, but the former Institute of Languages transformed into three departments: The Department of African Languages, The Department of European and Oriental Languages and the Department of Linguistics, English Language Studies and Communication.<br />
<br />
===African Languages Department===<br />
This Department is headed by Dr Gilbert Gumoshabe<br />
<br />
E-mail: gumoshabegilbert@gmail.com or gumoshabe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
The languages taught in the department are Luganda, Runyakitara (i.e. Runyoro-Rutooro and Runyakore-Rukiga), Lwo, and Swahili<br />
<br />
<br />
====Luganda==== <br />
<br />
The Luganda as a subject was introduced in 1976. The Institute of Languages offers a Bachelor of Arts (Arts) and a Bachelor of Arts (Education) degree in Luganda. Luganda is taught in combination with two other subjects (of one's choice) for a BA (A) degree, and one other subject for a BA (Education). In addition students of Journalism and Communication and Library and Information science opt for this language. <br />
<br />
Although the Institute has a decade long experience in teaching Luganda, we still faces great challenges: Luganda is not yet well described and documented; in addition we still lack the digital language resources to facilitate this work. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
=====Luganda Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': [[User:Medadi_Erisa_Ssentanda|Medadi Ssentanda (PhD)]], Room LB 27, Tel: +256782 333669<br />
<br />
E-mail: ssentanda@chuss.mak.ac.ug or medadies@gmail.com<br />
<br />
====Runyakitara==== <br />
<br />
<br />
=====Background===== <br />
Runyakitara is one of the subjects offered at the Institute of Languages, where it was introduced as a subject in 1990. Runyakitara is a name given to the four major dialects found in Western Uganda namely Runyoro, Rutooro, Runyankore and Rukiga. <br />
<br />
Runyakitara is a subject for a Bachelor of Arts Degree. It is offered in a combination with two other subjects. <br />
<br />
To offer Runyakitara as a subject was based on the following considerations:<br />
* Runyakitara is linguistically under-described and lacks language resources in form of written and digital material., <br />
* There is a high demand for people being educated in Runyakitara, <br />
* There is a high demand for educational and other resources written in Runyakitara, such as: textbooks, dictionaries, information and written material for tourists. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Runyakitara subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''contact''': [[user: Allen Asiimwe (PhD)]], LB 27; Phone: +256776846984<br />
<br />
E-mail: asiimwea94@gmail.com or a.asiimwe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
===Swahili===<br />
Swahili is one of the languages taught int he department of African Languages. <br />
For details please contact the ===Subject Coordinator=== Dr Innocent Masengo on Email: kazises@gmail.com or innomase2@chuss.mak.ac.ug Tel. +256772966126.<br />
<br />
===Lwo=== <br />
The Lwo family of languages consists of several dialects like Acholi, Lango, Dhopadhola, Alur and Kumam.<br />
<br />
The language family has a large number of speakers not only in Uganda but also in Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan; thus making it an important regional language.<br />
<br />
=====Lwo Subject Coordinator=====<br />
Ms Jane Alowo, Office LB 35; Phone: +256702507937<br />
<br />
===Communication Skills===<br />
Communication Skills (CSK) is an interdisciplinary course that draws on insights from a number of disciplines in the Arts and Social Sciences like English, Mass Communication, Sociology, Psychology, History, Literature and others to help develop your knowledge on how people communicate.<br />
<br />
Communication skills prepares the students for the information age. The students will learn how to acquire, store, manipulate and use information effectively. The students will be equipped with principles that will inform their understanding of varied audiences and enable them to interact effectively with individuals and technologies. They will also learn how to process information using different media and how to create meaning about the world in a broad range of professional contexts. <br />
In addition they will acquire the essential communication skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing, as well as critical thinking and analytical skills that are fundamental for all University Courses.<br />
A graduate of Communication Skills can be employed in virtually any position in the modern world that depends on information.<br />
<br />
With a background in Communication Skills, students can excel in position of marketing, sales, advertising, public relations, development communication, journalism, interactive media, design and production, personnel administration, training, consulting, academics, research and many others.<br />
<br />
Graduates of communication skills are therefore trained to work in any organisation that deals with people and requires knowledge of communication and information technology.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Communication Skills Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': Dr Levis Mugumya, Room UB 15, Tel: +256 772475807<br />
<br />
E-mail: lmugumya@gmail.com<br />
<br />
===English Language Studies(ELS)===<br />
<br />
English Language Studies (ELS) is one of the subjects offered in the Department of Linguistics, English Language and Communication Skills. <br />
<br />
=====English Language Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact:'''<br />
Justus Turamyomwe, Room LB 12, Tel +256 782962178<br />
<br />
E-mail: justomwe@ahoo.co.uk<br />
<br />
===German Language===<br />
<br />
The Coordinator for the German Language:<br />
William Wagaba (PhD)<br />
wwagaba@yahoo.com<br />
<br />
<br />
===French Language===<br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
===Centre for Language and Communication Services===<br />
The Centre for Language and Communication Services Communication provides a number of services to a wide range of both local and foreign clients. This Institute draws on the language expertise of its members of staff and professionals to render services. <br />
The unit is run by a remarkably Dedicated Projects Management Committee that markets and supervises services in the areas of:<br />
* Teaching Languages: English, Kiswahilli, Arabic, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese and local languages, Luganda, Runyakitara, Lwo etc. <br />
* Translation and Interpretation services</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=School_of_Languages,_Literature_and_Communication_-_Makerere_University&diff=17310School of Languages, Literature and Communication - Makerere University2019-04-24T13:03:25Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* Runyakitara subject Coordinator */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:CrestMakerere.jpeg|100px||left ]]<br />
<br />
'''The School of Languages, Literature and Communication''' is one of the Schools in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, [http://mak.ac.ug/ Makerere University].<br />
<br />
[[Image:MUIL-2.JPG|thumb|450px||right| The Upper Block of the School of Languages, Literature and Communication]]<br />
<br />
The School has 5 departments, but the former Institute of Languages transformed into three departments: The Department of African Languages, The Department of European and Oriental Languages and the Department of Linguistics, English Language Studies and Communication.<br />
<br />
===African Languages Department===<br />
This Department is headed by Dr Gilbert Gumoshabe<br />
<br />
E-mail: gumoshabegilbert@gmail.com or gumoshabe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
The languages taught in the department are Luganda, Runyakitara (i.e. Runyoro-Rutooro and Runyakore-Rukiga), Lwo, and Swahili<br />
<br />
<br />
====Luganda==== <br />
<br />
The Luganda as a subject was introduced in 1976. The Institute of Languages offers a Bachelor of Arts (Arts) and a Bachelor of Arts (Education) degree in Luganda. Luganda is taught in combination with two other subjects (of one's choice) for a BA (A) degree, and one other subject for a BA (Education). In addition students of Journalism and Communication and Library and Information science opt for this language. <br />
<br />
Although the Institute has a decade long experience in teaching Luganda, we still faces great challenges: Luganda is not yet well described and documented; in addition we still lack the digital language resources to facilitate this work. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
=====Luganda Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': [[User:Medadi_Erisa_Ssentanda|Medadi Ssentanda (PhD)]], Room LB 27, Tel: +256782 333669<br />
<br />
E-mail: ssentanda@chuss.mak.ac.ug or medadies@gmail.com<br />
<br />
====Runyakitara==== <br />
<br />
<br />
=====Background===== <br />
Runyakitara is one of the subjects offered at the Institute of Languages, where it was introduced as a subject in 1990. Runyakitara is a name given to the four major dialects found in Western Uganda namely Runyoro, Rutooro, Runyankore and Rukiga. <br />
<br />
Runyakitara is a subject for a Bachelor of Arts Degree. It is offered in a combination with two other subjects. <br />
<br />
To offer Runyakitara as a subject was based on the following considerations:<br />
* Runyakitara is linguistically under-described and lacks language resources in form of written and digital material., <br />
* There is a high demand for people being educated in Runyakitara, <br />
* There is a high demand for educational and other resources written in Runyakitara, such as: textbooks, dictionaries, information and written material for tourists. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Runyakitara subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''contact''': [[contact: Allen_Asiimwe (PhD)]], LB 27; Phone: +256776846984<br />
<br />
E-mail: asiimwea94@gmail.com or a.asiimwe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
===Swahili===<br />
Swahili is one of the languages taught int he department of African Languages. <br />
For details please contact the ===Subject Coordinator=== Dr Innocent Masengo on Email: kazises@gmail.com or innomase2@chuss.mak.ac.ug Tel. +256772966126.<br />
<br />
===Lwo=== <br />
The Lwo family of languages consists of several dialects like Acholi, Lango, Dhopadhola, Alur and Kumam.<br />
<br />
The language family has a large number of speakers not only in Uganda but also in Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan; thus making it an important regional language.<br />
<br />
=====Lwo Subject Coordinator=====<br />
Ms Jane Alowo, Office LB 35; Phone: +256702507937<br />
<br />
===Communication Skills===<br />
Communication Skills (CSK) is an interdisciplinary course that draws on insights from a number of disciplines in the Arts and Social Sciences like English, Mass Communication, Sociology, Psychology, History, Literature and others to help develop your knowledge on how people communicate.<br />
<br />
Communication skills prepares the students for the information age. The students will learn how to acquire, store, manipulate and use information effectively. The students will be equipped with principles that will inform their understanding of varied audiences and enable them to interact effectively with individuals and technologies. They will also learn how to process information using different media and how to create meaning about the world in a broad range of professional contexts. <br />
In addition they will acquire the essential communication skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing, as well as critical thinking and analytical skills that are fundamental for all University Courses.<br />
A graduate of Communication Skills can be employed in virtually any position in the modern world that depends on information.<br />
<br />
With a background in Communication Skills, students can excel in position of marketing, sales, advertising, public relations, development communication, journalism, interactive media, design and production, personnel administration, training, consulting, academics, research and many others.<br />
<br />
Graduates of communication skills are therefore trained to work in any organisation that deals with people and requires knowledge of communication and information technology.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Communication Skills Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': Dr Levis Mugumya, Room UB 15, Tel: +256 772475807<br />
<br />
E-mail: lmugumya@gmail.com<br />
<br />
===English Language Studies(ELS)===<br />
<br />
English Language Studies (ELS) is one of the subjects offered in the Department of Linguistics, English Language and Communication Skills. <br />
<br />
=====English Language Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact:'''<br />
Justus Turamyomwe, Room LB 12, Tel +256 782962178<br />
<br />
E-mail: justomwe@ahoo.co.uk<br />
<br />
===German Language===<br />
<br />
The Coordinator for the German Language:<br />
William Wagaba (PhD)<br />
wwagaba@yahoo.com<br />
<br />
<br />
===French Language===<br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
===Centre for Language and Communication Services===<br />
The Centre for Language and Communication Services Communication provides a number of services to a wide range of both local and foreign clients. This Institute draws on the language expertise of its members of staff and professionals to render services. <br />
The unit is run by a remarkably Dedicated Projects Management Committee that markets and supervises services in the areas of:<br />
* Teaching Languages: English, Kiswahilli, Arabic, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese and local languages, Luganda, Runyakitara, Lwo etc. <br />
* Translation and Interpretation services</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=School_of_Languages,_Literature_and_Communication_-_Makerere_University&diff=17309School of Languages, Literature and Communication - Makerere University2019-04-24T13:01:39Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* Runyakitara subject Coordinator */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:CrestMakerere.jpeg|100px||left ]]<br />
<br />
'''The School of Languages, Literature and Communication''' is one of the Schools in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, [http://mak.ac.ug/ Makerere University].<br />
<br />
[[Image:MUIL-2.JPG|thumb|450px||right| The Upper Block of the School of Languages, Literature and Communication]]<br />
<br />
The School has 5 departments, but the former Institute of Languages transformed into three departments: The Department of African Languages, The Department of European and Oriental Languages and the Department of Linguistics, English Language Studies and Communication.<br />
<br />
===African Languages Department===<br />
This Department is headed by Dr Gilbert Gumoshabe<br />
<br />
E-mail: gumoshabegilbert@gmail.com or gumoshabe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
The languages taught in the department are Luganda, Runyakitara (i.e. Runyoro-Rutooro and Runyakore-Rukiga), Lwo, and Swahili<br />
<br />
<br />
====Luganda==== <br />
<br />
The Luganda as a subject was introduced in 1976. The Institute of Languages offers a Bachelor of Arts (Arts) and a Bachelor of Arts (Education) degree in Luganda. Luganda is taught in combination with two other subjects (of one's choice) for a BA (A) degree, and one other subject for a BA (Education). In addition students of Journalism and Communication and Library and Information science opt for this language. <br />
<br />
Although the Institute has a decade long experience in teaching Luganda, we still faces great challenges: Luganda is not yet well described and documented; in addition we still lack the digital language resources to facilitate this work. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
=====Luganda Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': [[User:Medadi_Erisa_Ssentanda|Medadi Ssentanda (PhD)]], Room LB 27, Tel: +256782 333669<br />
<br />
E-mail: ssentanda@chuss.mak.ac.ug or medadies@gmail.com<br />
<br />
====Runyakitara==== <br />
<br />
<br />
=====Background===== <br />
Runyakitara is one of the subjects offered at the Institute of Languages, where it was introduced as a subject in 1990. Runyakitara is a name given to the four major dialects found in Western Uganda namely Runyoro, Rutooro, Runyankore and Rukiga. <br />
<br />
Runyakitara is a subject for a Bachelor of Arts Degree. It is offered in a combination with two other subjects. <br />
<br />
To offer Runyakitara as a subject was based on the following considerations:<br />
* Runyakitara is linguistically under-described and lacks language resources in form of written and digital material., <br />
* There is a high demand for people being educated in Runyakitara, <br />
* There is a high demand for educational and other resources written in Runyakitara, such as: textbooks, dictionaries, information and written material for tourists. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Runyakitara subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''contact''': [[Allen Asiimwe (PhD)]], LB 27; Phone: +256776846984<br />
<br />
E-mail: asiimwea94@gmail.com or a.asiimwe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
===Swahili===<br />
Swahili is one of the languages taught int he department of African Languages. <br />
For details please contact the ===Subject Coordinator=== Dr Innocent Masengo on Email: kazises@gmail.com or innomase2@chuss.mak.ac.ug Tel. +256772966126.<br />
<br />
===Lwo=== <br />
The Lwo family of languages consists of several dialects like Acholi, Lango, Dhopadhola, Alur and Kumam.<br />
<br />
The language family has a large number of speakers not only in Uganda but also in Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan; thus making it an important regional language.<br />
<br />
=====Lwo Subject Coordinator=====<br />
Ms Jane Alowo, Office LB 35; Phone: +256702507937<br />
<br />
===Communication Skills===<br />
Communication Skills (CSK) is an interdisciplinary course that draws on insights from a number of disciplines in the Arts and Social Sciences like English, Mass Communication, Sociology, Psychology, History, Literature and others to help develop your knowledge on how people communicate.<br />
<br />
Communication skills prepares the students for the information age. The students will learn how to acquire, store, manipulate and use information effectively. The students will be equipped with principles that will inform their understanding of varied audiences and enable them to interact effectively with individuals and technologies. They will also learn how to process information using different media and how to create meaning about the world in a broad range of professional contexts. <br />
In addition they will acquire the essential communication skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing, as well as critical thinking and analytical skills that are fundamental for all University Courses.<br />
A graduate of Communication Skills can be employed in virtually any position in the modern world that depends on information.<br />
<br />
With a background in Communication Skills, students can excel in position of marketing, sales, advertising, public relations, development communication, journalism, interactive media, design and production, personnel administration, training, consulting, academics, research and many others.<br />
<br />
Graduates of communication skills are therefore trained to work in any organisation that deals with people and requires knowledge of communication and information technology.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Communication Skills Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': Dr Levis Mugumya, Room UB 15, Tel: +256 772475807<br />
<br />
E-mail: lmugumya@gmail.com<br />
<br />
===English Language Studies(ELS)===<br />
<br />
English Language Studies (ELS) is one of the subjects offered in the Department of Linguistics, English Language and Communication Skills. <br />
<br />
=====English Language Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact:'''<br />
Justus Turamyomwe, Room LB 12, Tel +256 782962178<br />
<br />
E-mail: justomwe@ahoo.co.uk<br />
<br />
===German Language===<br />
<br />
The Coordinator for the German Language:<br />
William Wagaba (PhD)<br />
wwagaba@yahoo.com<br />
<br />
<br />
===French Language===<br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
===Centre for Language and Communication Services===<br />
The Centre for Language and Communication Services Communication provides a number of services to a wide range of both local and foreign clients. This Institute draws on the language expertise of its members of staff and professionals to render services. <br />
The unit is run by a remarkably Dedicated Projects Management Committee that markets and supervises services in the areas of:<br />
* Teaching Languages: English, Kiswahilli, Arabic, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese and local languages, Luganda, Runyakitara, Lwo etc. <br />
* Translation and Interpretation services</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=School_of_Languages,_Literature_and_Communication_-_Makerere_University&diff=17308School of Languages, Literature and Communication - Makerere University2019-04-24T13:00:08Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* Runyakitara subject Coordinator */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:CrestMakerere.jpeg|100px||left ]]<br />
<br />
'''The School of Languages, Literature and Communication''' is one of the Schools in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, [http://mak.ac.ug/ Makerere University].<br />
<br />
[[Image:MUIL-2.JPG|thumb|450px||right| The Upper Block of the School of Languages, Literature and Communication]]<br />
<br />
The School has 5 departments, but the former Institute of Languages transformed into three departments: The Department of African Languages, The Department of European and Oriental Languages and the Department of Linguistics, English Language Studies and Communication.<br />
<br />
===African Languages Department===<br />
This Department is headed by Dr Gilbert Gumoshabe<br />
<br />
E-mail: gumoshabegilbert@gmail.com or gumoshabe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
The languages taught in the department are Luganda, Runyakitara (i.e. Runyoro-Rutooro and Runyakore-Rukiga), Lwo, and Swahili<br />
<br />
<br />
====Luganda==== <br />
<br />
The Luganda as a subject was introduced in 1976. The Institute of Languages offers a Bachelor of Arts (Arts) and a Bachelor of Arts (Education) degree in Luganda. Luganda is taught in combination with two other subjects (of one's choice) for a BA (A) degree, and one other subject for a BA (Education). In addition students of Journalism and Communication and Library and Information science opt for this language. <br />
<br />
Although the Institute has a decade long experience in teaching Luganda, we still faces great challenges: Luganda is not yet well described and documented; in addition we still lack the digital language resources to facilitate this work. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
=====Luganda Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': [[User:Medadi_Erisa_Ssentanda|Medadi Ssentanda (PhD)]], Room LB 27, Tel: +256782 333669<br />
<br />
E-mail: ssentanda@chuss.mak.ac.ug or medadies@gmail.com<br />
<br />
====Runyakitara==== <br />
<br />
<br />
=====Background===== <br />
Runyakitara is one of the subjects offered at the Institute of Languages, where it was introduced as a subject in 1990. Runyakitara is a name given to the four major dialects found in Western Uganda namely Runyoro, Rutooro, Runyankore and Rukiga. <br />
<br />
Runyakitara is a subject for a Bachelor of Arts Degree. It is offered in a combination with two other subjects. <br />
<br />
To offer Runyakitara as a subject was based on the following considerations:<br />
* Runyakitara is linguistically under-described and lacks language resources in form of written and digital material., <br />
* There is a high demand for people being educated in Runyakitara, <br />
* There is a high demand for educational and other resources written in Runyakitara, such as: textbooks, dictionaries, information and written material for tourists. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Runyakitara subject Coordinator=====<br />
[[User: [[Allen Asiimwe (PhD)]], LB 27; Phone: +256776846984<br />
<br />
E-mail: asiimwea94@gmail.com or a.asiimwe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
===Swahili===<br />
Swahili is one of the languages taught int he department of African Languages. <br />
For details please contact the ===Subject Coordinator=== Dr Innocent Masengo on Email: kazises@gmail.com or innomase2@chuss.mak.ac.ug Tel. +256772966126.<br />
<br />
===Lwo=== <br />
The Lwo family of languages consists of several dialects like Acholi, Lango, Dhopadhola, Alur and Kumam.<br />
<br />
The language family has a large number of speakers not only in Uganda but also in Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan; thus making it an important regional language.<br />
<br />
=====Lwo Subject Coordinator=====<br />
Ms Jane Alowo, Office LB 35; Phone: +256702507937<br />
<br />
===Communication Skills===<br />
Communication Skills (CSK) is an interdisciplinary course that draws on insights from a number of disciplines in the Arts and Social Sciences like English, Mass Communication, Sociology, Psychology, History, Literature and others to help develop your knowledge on how people communicate.<br />
<br />
Communication skills prepares the students for the information age. The students will learn how to acquire, store, manipulate and use information effectively. The students will be equipped with principles that will inform their understanding of varied audiences and enable them to interact effectively with individuals and technologies. They will also learn how to process information using different media and how to create meaning about the world in a broad range of professional contexts. <br />
In addition they will acquire the essential communication skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing, as well as critical thinking and analytical skills that are fundamental for all University Courses.<br />
A graduate of Communication Skills can be employed in virtually any position in the modern world that depends on information.<br />
<br />
With a background in Communication Skills, students can excel in position of marketing, sales, advertising, public relations, development communication, journalism, interactive media, design and production, personnel administration, training, consulting, academics, research and many others.<br />
<br />
Graduates of communication skills are therefore trained to work in any organisation that deals with people and requires knowledge of communication and information technology.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Communication Skills Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': Dr Levis Mugumya, Room UB 15, Tel: +256 772475807<br />
<br />
E-mail: lmugumya@gmail.com<br />
<br />
===English Language Studies(ELS)===<br />
<br />
English Language Studies (ELS) is one of the subjects offered in the Department of Linguistics, English Language and Communication Skills. <br />
<br />
=====English Language Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact:'''<br />
Justus Turamyomwe, Room LB 12, Tel +256 782962178<br />
<br />
E-mail: justomwe@ahoo.co.uk<br />
<br />
===German Language===<br />
<br />
The Coordinator for the German Language:<br />
William Wagaba (PhD)<br />
wwagaba@yahoo.com<br />
<br />
<br />
===French Language===<br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
===Centre for Language and Communication Services===<br />
The Centre for Language and Communication Services Communication provides a number of services to a wide range of both local and foreign clients. This Institute draws on the language expertise of its members of staff and professionals to render services. <br />
The unit is run by a remarkably Dedicated Projects Management Committee that markets and supervises services in the areas of:<br />
* Teaching Languages: English, Kiswahilli, Arabic, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese and local languages, Luganda, Runyakitara, Lwo etc. <br />
* Translation and Interpretation services</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=School_of_Languages,_Literature_and_Communication_-_Makerere_University&diff=17307School of Languages, Literature and Communication - Makerere University2019-04-24T12:53:37Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* Swahili */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:CrestMakerere.jpeg|100px||left ]]<br />
<br />
'''The School of Languages, Literature and Communication''' is one of the Schools in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, [http://mak.ac.ug/ Makerere University].<br />
<br />
[[Image:MUIL-2.JPG|thumb|450px||right| The Upper Block of the School of Languages, Literature and Communication]]<br />
<br />
The School has 5 departments, but the former Institute of Languages transformed into three departments: The Department of African Languages, The Department of European and Oriental Languages and the Department of Linguistics, English Language Studies and Communication.<br />
<br />
===African Languages Department===<br />
This Department is headed by Dr Gilbert Gumoshabe<br />
<br />
E-mail: gumoshabegilbert@gmail.com or gumoshabe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
The languages taught in the department are Luganda, Runyakitara (i.e. Runyoro-Rutooro and Runyakore-Rukiga), Lwo, and Swahili<br />
<br />
<br />
====Luganda==== <br />
<br />
The Luganda as a subject was introduced in 1976. The Institute of Languages offers a Bachelor of Arts (Arts) and a Bachelor of Arts (Education) degree in Luganda. Luganda is taught in combination with two other subjects (of one's choice) for a BA (A) degree, and one other subject for a BA (Education). In addition students of Journalism and Communication and Library and Information science opt for this language. <br />
<br />
Although the Institute has a decade long experience in teaching Luganda, we still faces great challenges: Luganda is not yet well described and documented; in addition we still lack the digital language resources to facilitate this work. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
=====Luganda Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': [[User:Medadi_Erisa_Ssentanda|Medadi Ssentanda (PhD)]], Room LB 27, Tel: +256782 333669<br />
<br />
E-mail: ssentanda@chuss.mak.ac.ug or medadies@gmail.com<br />
<br />
====Runyakitara==== <br />
<br />
<br />
=====Background===== <br />
Runyakitara is one of the subjects offered at the Institute of Languages, where it was introduced as a subject in 1990. Runyakitara is a name given to the four major dialects found in Western Uganda namely Runyoro, Rutooro, Runyankore and Rukiga. <br />
<br />
Runyakitara is a subject for a Bachelor of Arts Degree. It is offered in a combination with two other subjects. <br />
<br />
To offer Runyakitara as a subject was based on the following considerations:<br />
* Runyakitara is linguistically under-described and lacks language resources in form of written and digital material., <br />
* There is a high demand for people being educated in Runyakitara, <br />
* There is a high demand for educational and other resources written in Runyakitara, such as: textbooks, dictionaries, information and written material for tourists. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Runyakitara subject Coordinator=====<br />
[[User: Allen Asiimwe (PhD)]], LB 27; Phone: +256776846984<br />
<br />
E-mail: asiimwea94@gmail.com or a.asiimwe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
===Swahili===<br />
Swahili is one of the languages taught int he department of African Languages. <br />
For details please contact the ===Subject Coordinator=== Dr Innocent Masengo on Email: kazises@gmail.com or innomase2@chuss.mak.ac.ug Tel. +256772966126.<br />
<br />
===Lwo=== <br />
The Lwo family of languages consists of several dialects like Acholi, Lango, Dhopadhola, Alur and Kumam.<br />
<br />
The language family has a large number of speakers not only in Uganda but also in Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan; thus making it an important regional language.<br />
<br />
=====Lwo Subject Coordinator=====<br />
Ms Jane Alowo, Office LB 35; Phone: +256702507937<br />
<br />
===Communication Skills===<br />
Communication Skills (CSK) is an interdisciplinary course that draws on insights from a number of disciplines in the Arts and Social Sciences like English, Mass Communication, Sociology, Psychology, History, Literature and others to help develop your knowledge on how people communicate.<br />
<br />
Communication skills prepares the students for the information age. The students will learn how to acquire, store, manipulate and use information effectively. The students will be equipped with principles that will inform their understanding of varied audiences and enable them to interact effectively with individuals and technologies. They will also learn how to process information using different media and how to create meaning about the world in a broad range of professional contexts. <br />
In addition they will acquire the essential communication skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing, as well as critical thinking and analytical skills that are fundamental for all University Courses.<br />
A graduate of Communication Skills can be employed in virtually any position in the modern world that depends on information.<br />
<br />
With a background in Communication Skills, students can excel in position of marketing, sales, advertising, public relations, development communication, journalism, interactive media, design and production, personnel administration, training, consulting, academics, research and many others.<br />
<br />
Graduates of communication skills are therefore trained to work in any organisation that deals with people and requires knowledge of communication and information technology.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Communication Skills Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': Dr Levis Mugumya, Room UB 15, Tel: +256 772475807<br />
<br />
E-mail: lmugumya@gmail.com<br />
<br />
===English Language Studies(ELS)===<br />
<br />
English Language Studies (ELS) is one of the subjects offered in the Department of Linguistics, English Language and Communication Skills. <br />
<br />
=====English Language Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact:'''<br />
Justus Turamyomwe, Room LB 12, Tel +256 782962178<br />
<br />
E-mail: justomwe@ahoo.co.uk<br />
<br />
===German Language===<br />
<br />
The Coordinator for the German Language:<br />
William Wagaba (PhD)<br />
wwagaba@yahoo.com<br />
<br />
<br />
===French Language===<br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
===Centre for Language and Communication Services===<br />
The Centre for Language and Communication Services Communication provides a number of services to a wide range of both local and foreign clients. This Institute draws on the language expertise of its members of staff and professionals to render services. <br />
The unit is run by a remarkably Dedicated Projects Management Committee that markets and supervises services in the areas of:<br />
* Teaching Languages: English, Kiswahilli, Arabic, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese and local languages, Luganda, Runyakitara, Lwo etc. <br />
* Translation and Interpretation services</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=School_of_Languages,_Literature_and_Communication_-_Makerere_University&diff=17306School of Languages, Literature and Communication - Makerere University2019-04-24T12:45:26Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* African Languages Department */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:CrestMakerere.jpeg|100px||left ]]<br />
<br />
'''The School of Languages, Literature and Communication''' is one of the Schools in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, [http://mak.ac.ug/ Makerere University].<br />
<br />
[[Image:MUIL-2.JPG|thumb|450px||right| The Upper Block of the School of Languages, Literature and Communication]]<br />
<br />
The School has 5 departments, but the former Institute of Languages transformed into three departments: The Department of African Languages, The Department of European and Oriental Languages and the Department of Linguistics, English Language Studies and Communication.<br />
<br />
===African Languages Department===<br />
This Department is headed by Dr Gilbert Gumoshabe<br />
<br />
E-mail: gumoshabegilbert@gmail.com or gumoshabe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
The languages taught in the department are Luganda, Runyakitara (i.e. Runyoro-Rutooro and Runyakore-Rukiga), Lwo, and Swahili<br />
<br />
<br />
====Luganda==== <br />
<br />
The Luganda as a subject was introduced in 1976. The Institute of Languages offers a Bachelor of Arts (Arts) and a Bachelor of Arts (Education) degree in Luganda. Luganda is taught in combination with two other subjects (of one's choice) for a BA (A) degree, and one other subject for a BA (Education). In addition students of Journalism and Communication and Library and Information science opt for this language. <br />
<br />
Although the Institute has a decade long experience in teaching Luganda, we still faces great challenges: Luganda is not yet well described and documented; in addition we still lack the digital language resources to facilitate this work. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
=====Luganda Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': [[User:Medadi_Erisa_Ssentanda|Medadi Ssentanda (PhD)]], Room LB 27, Tel: +256782 333669<br />
<br />
E-mail: ssentanda@chuss.mak.ac.ug or medadies@gmail.com<br />
<br />
====Runyakitara==== <br />
<br />
<br />
=====Background===== <br />
Runyakitara is one of the subjects offered at the Institute of Languages, where it was introduced as a subject in 1990. Runyakitara is a name given to the four major dialects found in Western Uganda namely Runyoro, Rutooro, Runyankore and Rukiga. <br />
<br />
Runyakitara is a subject for a Bachelor of Arts Degree. It is offered in a combination with two other subjects. <br />
<br />
To offer Runyakitara as a subject was based on the following considerations:<br />
* Runyakitara is linguistically under-described and lacks language resources in form of written and digital material., <br />
* There is a high demand for people being educated in Runyakitara, <br />
* There is a high demand for educational and other resources written in Runyakitara, such as: textbooks, dictionaries, information and written material for tourists. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Runyakitara subject Coordinator=====<br />
[[User: Allen Asiimwe (PhD)]], LB 27; Phone: +256776846984<br />
<br />
E-mail: asiimwea94@gmail.com or a.asiimwe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
===Swahili===<br />
Swahili is one of the languages taught int he department of African Languages. <br />
For details please contact the ===Subject Coordinator=== Prof Ruth Mukama on Email: ruthmukamag@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
===Lwo=== <br />
The Lwo family of languages consists of several dialects like Acholi, Lango, Dhopadhola, Alur and Kumam.<br />
<br />
The language family has a large number of speakers not only in Uganda but also in Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan; thus making it an important regional language.<br />
<br />
=====Lwo Subject Coordinator=====<br />
Ms Jane Alowo, Office LB 35; Phone: +256702507937<br />
<br />
===Communication Skills===<br />
Communication Skills (CSK) is an interdisciplinary course that draws on insights from a number of disciplines in the Arts and Social Sciences like English, Mass Communication, Sociology, Psychology, History, Literature and others to help develop your knowledge on how people communicate.<br />
<br />
Communication skills prepares the students for the information age. The students will learn how to acquire, store, manipulate and use information effectively. The students will be equipped with principles that will inform their understanding of varied audiences and enable them to interact effectively with individuals and technologies. They will also learn how to process information using different media and how to create meaning about the world in a broad range of professional contexts. <br />
In addition they will acquire the essential communication skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing, as well as critical thinking and analytical skills that are fundamental for all University Courses.<br />
A graduate of Communication Skills can be employed in virtually any position in the modern world that depends on information.<br />
<br />
With a background in Communication Skills, students can excel in position of marketing, sales, advertising, public relations, development communication, journalism, interactive media, design and production, personnel administration, training, consulting, academics, research and many others.<br />
<br />
Graduates of communication skills are therefore trained to work in any organisation that deals with people and requires knowledge of communication and information technology.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Communication Skills Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': Dr Levis Mugumya, Room UB 15, Tel: +256 772475807<br />
<br />
E-mail: lmugumya@gmail.com<br />
<br />
===English Language Studies(ELS)===<br />
<br />
English Language Studies (ELS) is one of the subjects offered in the Department of Linguistics, English Language and Communication Skills. <br />
<br />
=====English Language Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact:'''<br />
Justus Turamyomwe, Room LB 12, Tel +256 782962178<br />
<br />
E-mail: justomwe@ahoo.co.uk<br />
<br />
===German Language===<br />
<br />
The Coordinator for the German Language:<br />
William Wagaba (PhD)<br />
wwagaba@yahoo.com<br />
<br />
<br />
===French Language===<br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
===Centre for Language and Communication Services===<br />
The Centre for Language and Communication Services Communication provides a number of services to a wide range of both local and foreign clients. This Institute draws on the language expertise of its members of staff and professionals to render services. <br />
The unit is run by a remarkably Dedicated Projects Management Committee that markets and supervises services in the areas of:<br />
* Teaching Languages: English, Kiswahilli, Arabic, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese and local languages, Luganda, Runyakitara, Lwo etc. <br />
* Translation and Interpretation services</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=School_of_Languages,_Literature_and_Communication_-_Makerere_University&diff=17305School of Languages, Literature and Communication - Makerere University2019-04-24T12:45:02Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* African Languages Department */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:CrestMakerere.jpeg|100px||left ]]<br />
<br />
'''The School of Languages, Literature and Communication''' is one of the Schools in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, [http://mak.ac.ug/ Makerere University].<br />
<br />
[[Image:MUIL-2.JPG|thumb|450px||right| The Upper Block of the School of Languages, Literature and Communication]]<br />
<br />
The School has 5 departments, but the former Institute of Languages transformed into three departments: The Department of African Languages, The Department of European and Oriental Languages and the Department of Linguistics, English Language Studies and Communication.<br />
<br />
===African Languages Department===<br />
This Department is headed by Dr Dr Gilbert Gumoshabe<br />
<br />
E-mail: gumoshabegilbert@gmail.com or gumoshabe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
The languages taught in the department are Luganda, Runyakitara (i.e. Runyoro-Rutooro and Runyakore-Rukiga), Lwo, and Swahili<br />
<br />
<br />
====Luganda==== <br />
<br />
The Luganda as a subject was introduced in 1976. The Institute of Languages offers a Bachelor of Arts (Arts) and a Bachelor of Arts (Education) degree in Luganda. Luganda is taught in combination with two other subjects (of one's choice) for a BA (A) degree, and one other subject for a BA (Education). In addition students of Journalism and Communication and Library and Information science opt for this language. <br />
<br />
Although the Institute has a decade long experience in teaching Luganda, we still faces great challenges: Luganda is not yet well described and documented; in addition we still lack the digital language resources to facilitate this work. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
=====Luganda Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': [[User:Medadi_Erisa_Ssentanda|Medadi Ssentanda (PhD)]], Room LB 27, Tel: +256782 333669<br />
<br />
E-mail: ssentanda@chuss.mak.ac.ug or medadies@gmail.com<br />
<br />
====Runyakitara==== <br />
<br />
<br />
=====Background===== <br />
Runyakitara is one of the subjects offered at the Institute of Languages, where it was introduced as a subject in 1990. Runyakitara is a name given to the four major dialects found in Western Uganda namely Runyoro, Rutooro, Runyankore and Rukiga. <br />
<br />
Runyakitara is a subject for a Bachelor of Arts Degree. It is offered in a combination with two other subjects. <br />
<br />
To offer Runyakitara as a subject was based on the following considerations:<br />
* Runyakitara is linguistically under-described and lacks language resources in form of written and digital material., <br />
* There is a high demand for people being educated in Runyakitara, <br />
* There is a high demand for educational and other resources written in Runyakitara, such as: textbooks, dictionaries, information and written material for tourists. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Runyakitara subject Coordinator=====<br />
[[User: Allen Asiimwe (PhD)]], LB 27; Phone: +256776846984<br />
<br />
E-mail: asiimwea94@gmail.com or a.asiimwe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
===Swahili===<br />
Swahili is one of the languages taught int he department of African Languages. <br />
For details please contact the ===Subject Coordinator=== Prof Ruth Mukama on Email: ruthmukamag@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
===Lwo=== <br />
The Lwo family of languages consists of several dialects like Acholi, Lango, Dhopadhola, Alur and Kumam.<br />
<br />
The language family has a large number of speakers not only in Uganda but also in Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan; thus making it an important regional language.<br />
<br />
=====Lwo Subject Coordinator=====<br />
Ms Jane Alowo, Office LB 35; Phone: +256702507937<br />
<br />
===Communication Skills===<br />
Communication Skills (CSK) is an interdisciplinary course that draws on insights from a number of disciplines in the Arts and Social Sciences like English, Mass Communication, Sociology, Psychology, History, Literature and others to help develop your knowledge on how people communicate.<br />
<br />
Communication skills prepares the students for the information age. The students will learn how to acquire, store, manipulate and use information effectively. The students will be equipped with principles that will inform their understanding of varied audiences and enable them to interact effectively with individuals and technologies. They will also learn how to process information using different media and how to create meaning about the world in a broad range of professional contexts. <br />
In addition they will acquire the essential communication skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing, as well as critical thinking and analytical skills that are fundamental for all University Courses.<br />
A graduate of Communication Skills can be employed in virtually any position in the modern world that depends on information.<br />
<br />
With a background in Communication Skills, students can excel in position of marketing, sales, advertising, public relations, development communication, journalism, interactive media, design and production, personnel administration, training, consulting, academics, research and many others.<br />
<br />
Graduates of communication skills are therefore trained to work in any organisation that deals with people and requires knowledge of communication and information technology.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Communication Skills Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': Dr Levis Mugumya, Room UB 15, Tel: +256 772475807<br />
<br />
E-mail: lmugumya@gmail.com<br />
<br />
===English Language Studies(ELS)===<br />
<br />
English Language Studies (ELS) is one of the subjects offered in the Department of Linguistics, English Language and Communication Skills. <br />
<br />
=====English Language Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact:'''<br />
Justus Turamyomwe, Room LB 12, Tel +256 782962178<br />
<br />
E-mail: justomwe@ahoo.co.uk<br />
<br />
===German Language===<br />
<br />
The Coordinator for the German Language:<br />
William Wagaba (PhD)<br />
wwagaba@yahoo.com<br />
<br />
<br />
===French Language===<br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
===Centre for Language and Communication Services===<br />
The Centre for Language and Communication Services Communication provides a number of services to a wide range of both local and foreign clients. This Institute draws on the language expertise of its members of staff and professionals to render services. <br />
The unit is run by a remarkably Dedicated Projects Management Committee that markets and supervises services in the areas of:<br />
* Teaching Languages: English, Kiswahilli, Arabic, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese and local languages, Luganda, Runyakitara, Lwo etc. <br />
* Translation and Interpretation services</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=User:Allen_Asiimwe&diff=17037User:Allen Asiimwe2017-11-14T05:43:24Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Allen.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]<br />
My name is Allen Asiimwe.<br />
I am a Ugandan and I live in Stellenbosch-South Africa at the moment.<br />
I work at Makerere University in the department of African Languages as an Assistant Lecturer.<br />
I hold a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Postgraduate Diploma in Education both from Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. I also hold a Master of Philosophy (Linguistics) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.<br />
At Makerere I teach Runyakitara. Runyakitara is the name given to the four closely related languages, namely Runyankore, Rukiga, Runyoro, and Rutooro, spoken in the south-western part of Uganda. Since the lexical similarity between Runyankore and Rukiga is very high, they are normally referred to as Runyakore-Rukiga, that is, as one language and the same is true for Runyoro and Rutooro. My dialect is Rukiga and all my research so far is on Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
===== Allen Asiimwe (2007) Morpho-syntactic Patterns in Runyankore-Rukiga =====<br />
<br />
My Master's degree thesis is of a descriptive nature. The main purpose was to document important grammatical constructions in Runyankore-Rukiga. The introductory chapter describes the nominal and verbal morphology of Runyakore-Rukiga. I then investigate Locative Marking and compare Locative-Inversion across several Bantu languages with Locative Inversion in RR. To the best of my knowledge no one has ever done comprehensive research on locative marking including Runyankore-Rukiga. There is also a chapter on the grammatical functions of the Initial Vowel in Runyakore-Rukiga, an interesting yet neglected area that impacts on almost all parts of grammar of a Bantu language. All the illustrations in Runyankore-Rukiga used in my thesis were glossed using Typecraft.<br />
<br />
Together with Dorothee Beermann, I have continued to investigate locative marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. We are currently looking at the morpho-syntax of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga, focusing mainly on the multi-functional nature of the locative classes.<br />
<br />
I am committed to doing more research on my mother tongue. I would like to see it develop. <br />
<br />
My latest squib on TypeCraft is: [[A_comparative_analysis_of_Runyankore-Rukiga_and_Luganda_pronominal_agreement]]. It is still under construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
I hold a PhD in African Languages from Stellenbosch South Africa (I graduated in 2014). The title of my PhD dissertation is : Definiteness and Specificity in Runyankore-Rukiga (https://scholar.sun.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10019.1/.../asiimwe_definiteness_2014.pdf). In my research, I explored the properties of the preprefix (initial vowel) in relation to definiteness and specificity marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. Apart from the preprefix, other morpho-syntactic parameters that are active in marking definiteness and specificity were also examined. One of the questions that were explored is whether the preprefix plays the role of a definite article.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=User:Allen_Asiimwe&diff=16971User:Allen Asiimwe2017-05-25T12:13:35Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Allen.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]<br />
My name is Allen Asiimwe.<br />
I am a Ugandan and I live in Stellenbosch-South Africa at the moment.<br />
I work at Makerere University in the department of African Languages as an Assistant Lecturer.<br />
I hold a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Postgraduate Diploma in Education both from Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. I also hold a Master of Philosophy (Linguistics) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.<br />
At Makerere I teach Runyakitara. Runyakitara is the name given to the four closely related languages, namely Runyankore, Rukiga, Runyoro, and Rutooro, spoken in the south-western part of Uganda. Since the lexical similarity between Runyankore and Rukiga is very high, they are normally referred to as Runyakore-Rukiga, that is, as one language and the same is true for Runyoro and Rutooro. My dialect is Rukiga and all my research so far is on Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
===== Allen Asiimwe (2007) Morpho-syntactic Patterns in Runyankore-Rukiga =====<br />
<br />
My Master's degree thesis is of a descriptive nature. The main purpose was to document important grammatical constructions in Runyankore-Rukiga. The introductory chapter describes the nominal and verbal morphology of Runyakore-Rukiga. I then investigate Locative Marking and compare Locative-Inversion across several Bantu languages with Locative Inversion in RR. To the best of my knowledge no one has ever done comprehensive research on locative marking including Runyankore-Rukiga. There is also a chapter on the grammatical functions of the Initial Vowel in Runyakore-Rukiga, an interesting yet neglected area that impacts on almost all parts of grammar of a Bantu language. All the illustrations in Runyankore-Rukiga used in my thesis were glossed using Typecraft.<br />
<br />
Together with Dorothee Beermann, I have continued to investigate locative marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. We are currently looking at the morpho-syntax of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga, focusing mainly on the multi-functional nature of the locative classes.<br />
<br />
I am committed to doing more research on my mother tongue. I would like to see it develop. <br />
<br />
My latest squib on TypeCraft is: [[A_comparative_analysis_of_Runyankore-Rukiga_and_Luganda_pronominal_agreement]]. It is still under construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
I hold a PhD in African Languages from Stellenbosch South Africa (I graduated in 2014). The title of PhD dissertation is : Definiteness and Specificity in Runyankore-Rukiga (https://scholar.sun.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10019.1/.../asiimwe_definiteness_2014.pdf). In my research, I explored the properties of the preprefix (initial vowel) in relation to definiteness and specificity marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. Apart from the preprefix, other morpho-syntactic parameters that are active in marking definiteness and specificity were also examined. One of the questions that were explored is whether the preprefix plays the role of a definite article.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=User:Allen_Asiimwe&diff=16970User:Allen Asiimwe2017-05-25T11:49:06Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Allen.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]<br />
My name is Allen Asiimwe.<br />
I am a Ugandan and I live in Stellenbosch-South Africa at the moment.<br />
I work at Makerere University in the department of African Languages as an Assistant Lecturer.<br />
I hold a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Postgraduate Diploma in Education both from Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. I also hold a Master of Philosophy (Linguistics) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.<br />
At Makerere I teach Runyakitara. Runyakitara is the name given to the four closely related languages, namely Runyankore, Rukiga, Runyoro, and Rutooro, spoken in the south-western part of Uganda. Since the lexical similarity between Runyankore and Rukiga is very high, they are normally referred to as Runyakore-Rukiga, that is, as one language and the same is true for Runyoro and Rutooro. My dialect is Rukiga and all my research so far is on Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
===== Allen Asiimwe (2007) Morpho-syntactic Patterns in Runyankore-Rukiga =====<br />
<br />
My Master's degree thesis is of a descriptive nature. The main purpose was to document important grammatical constructions in Runyankore-Rukiga. The introductory chapter describes the nominal and verbal morphology of Runyakore-Rukiga. I then investigate Locative Marking and compare Locative-Inversion across several Bantu languages with Locative Inversion in RR. To the best of my knowledge no one has ever done comprehensive research on locative marking including Runyankore-Rukiga. There is also a chapter on the grammatical functions of the Initial Vowel in Runyakore-Rukiga, an interesting yet neglected area that impacts on almost all parts of grammar of a Bantu language. All the illustrations in Runyankore-Rukiga used in my thesis were glossed using Typecraft.<br />
<br />
Together with Dorothee Beermann, I have continued to investigate locative marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. We are currently looking at the morpho-syntax of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga, focusing mainly on the multi-functional nature of the locative classes.<br />
<br />
I am committed to doing more research on my mother tongue. I would like to see it develop. <br />
<br />
My latest squib on TypeCraft is: [[A_comparative_analysis_of_Runyankore-Rukiga_and_Luganda_pronominal_agreement]]. It is still under construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
I hold a PhD in African Languages from Stellenbosch South Africa (I graduated in 2014). The title of PhD dissertation is : Definiteness and Specificity in Runyankore-Rukiga. In my research, I explored the properties of the preprefix (initial vowel) in relation to definiteness and specificity marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. Apart from the preprefix, other morpho-syntactic parameters that are active in marking definiteness and specificity were also examined. One of the questions that were explored is whether the preprefix plays the role of a definite article.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=School_of_Languages,_Literature_and_Communication_-_Makerere_University&diff=16960School of Languages, Literature and Communication - Makerere University2017-03-07T08:48:05Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* Runyakitara subject Coordinator */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:CrestMakerere.jpeg|100px||left ]]<br />
<br />
'''The School of Languages, Literature and Communication''' is one of the Schools in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, [http://mak.ac.ug/ Makerere University].<br />
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[[Image:MUIL-2.JPG|thumb|450px||right| The Upper Block of the School of Languages, Literature and Communication]]<br />
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The School has 5 departments, but the former Institute of Languages transformed into three departments: The Department of African Languages, The Department of European and Oriental Languages and the Department of Linguistics, English Language Studies and Communication.<br />
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===African Languages Department===<br />
This Department is headed by Dr Jackson K. Mukasa<br />
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E-mail: jkmukasa@gmail.com<br />
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The languages taught in the department are Luganda, Runyakitara (i.e. Runyoro-Rutooro and Runyakore-Rukiga), Lwo, and Swahili<br />
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====Luganda==== <br />
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The Luganda as a subject was introduced in 1976. The Institute of Languages offers a Bachelor of Arts (Arts) and a Bachelor of Arts (Education) degree in Luganda. Luganda is taught in combination with two other subjects (of one's choice) for a BA (A) degree, and one other subject for a BA (Education). In addition students of Journalism and Communication and Library and Information science opt for this language. <br />
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Although the Institute has a decade long experience in teaching Luganda, we still faces great challenges: Luganda is not yet well described and documented; in addition we still lack the digital language resources to facilitate this work. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
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=====Luganda Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': [[User:Medadi_Erisa_Ssentanda|Medadi Ssentanda (PhD)]], Room LB 27, Tel: +256782 333669<br />
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E-mail: ssentanda@chuss.mak.ac.ug or medadies@mail.com<br />
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====Runyakitara==== <br />
<br />
<br />
=====Background===== <br />
Runyakitara is one of the subjects offered at the Institute of Languages, where it was introduced as a subject in 1990. Runyakitara is a name given to the four major dialects found in Western Uganda namely Runyoro, Rutooro, Runyankore and Rukiga. <br />
<br />
Runyakitara is a subject for a Bachelor of Arts Degree. It is offered in a combination with two other subjects. <br />
<br />
To offer Runyakitara as a subject was based on the following considerations:<br />
* Runyakitara is linguistically under-described and lacks language resources in form of written and digital material., <br />
* There is a high demand for people being educated in Runyakitara, <br />
* There is a high demand for educational and other resources written in Runyakitara, such as: textbooks, dictionaries, information and written material for tourists. <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include work as teacher, interpreter and translator, as well as work in media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
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=====Runyakitara subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': Gilbert Gumoshabe, Room LB 26, Tel +256 772708639 and [[User: Allen Asiimwe (PhD)]], LB 27; Phone: +256776846984<br />
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E-mail: akanyima@yahoo.com or a.asiimwe@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
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===Swahili===<br />
Swahili is one of the languages taught int he department of African Languages. <br />
For details please contact the ===Subject Coordinator=== Prof Ruth Mukama on Email: ruthmukamag@chuss.mak.ac.ug<br />
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===Lwo=== <br />
The Lwo family of languages consists of several dialects like Acholi, Lango, Dhopadhola, Alur and Kumam.<br />
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The language family has a large number of speakers not only in Uganda but also in Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan; thus making it an important regional language.<br />
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=====Lwo Subject Coordinator=====<br />
Ms Jane Alowo, Office LB 35; Phone: +256702507937<br />
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===Communication Skills===<br />
Communication Skills (CSK) is an interdisciplinary course that draws on insights from a number of disciplines in the Arts and Social Sciences like English, Mass Communication, Sociology, Psychology, History, Literature and others to help develop your knowledge on how people communicate.<br />
<br />
Communication skills prepares the students for the information age. The students will learn how to acquire, store, manipulate and use information effectively. The students will be equipped with principles that will inform their understanding of varied audiences and enable them to interact effectively with individuals and technologies. They will also learn how to process information using different media and how to create meaning about the world in a broad range of professional contexts. <br />
In addition they will acquire the essential communication skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing, as well as critical thinking and analytical skills that are fundamental for all University Courses.<br />
A graduate of Communication Skills can be employed in virtually any position in the modern world that depends on information.<br />
<br />
With a background in Communication Skills, students can excel in position of marketing, sales, advertising, public relations, development communication, journalism, interactive media, design and production, personnel administration, training, consulting, academics, research and many others.<br />
<br />
Graduates of communication skills are therefore trained to work in any organisation that deals with people and requires knowledge of communication and information technology.<br />
<br />
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=====Communication Skills Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact''': Dr Levis Mugumya, Room UB 15, Tel: +256 772475807<br />
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E-mail: lmugumya@gmail.com<br />
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===English Language Studies(ELS)===<br />
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English Language Studies (ELS) is one of the subjects offered in the Department of Linguistics, English Language and Communication Skills. <br />
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=====English Language Subject Coordinator=====<br />
'''Contact:'''<br />
Jackson Ssekiryango, Room LB 12, Tel +256 782962178<br />
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E-mail: jssekir@yahoo.com or ssekirya@arts.mak.ac.ug<br />
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===German Language===<br />
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The Coordinator for the German Language:<br />
William Wagaba (PhD)<br />
wwagaba@yahoo.com<br />
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===French Language===<br />
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-more soon-<br />
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===Centre for Language and Communication Services===<br />
The Centre for Language and Communication Services Communication provides a number of services to a wide range of both local and foreign clients. This Institute draws on the language expertise of its members of staff and professionals to render services. <br />
The unit is run by a remarkably Dedicated Projects Management Committee that markets and supervises services in the areas of:<br />
* Teaching Languages: English, Kiswahilli, Arabic, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese and local languages, Luganda, Runyakitara, Lwo etc. <br />
* Translation and Interpretation services</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Advisory_Board&diff=14912Advisory Board2015-04-07T13:03:24Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: /* Allen Asiimwe */</p>
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<div>The TypeCraft Advisory Board are linguists who have agreed to answer questions of TypeCraft users concerning their annotations or their work on the TypeCraft wiki, and to provide guidance to the team of TypeCraft developers. <br />
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==Biographies==<br />
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===[[User:Allen Asiimwe|Allen Asiimwe]]===<br />
[[Image:Allen2014.JPG|thumb|200px|left|Allen Asiimwe]]<br />
''Expert for [http://www.ethnologue.com/country/Ug/languages/***EDITION*** Runyakitara]''<br />
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Allen Asiimwe teaches in the Department of African Languages at Makerere University, Kampala. She holds a Master of Philosophy (Linguistics) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway. Allen graduated with a PhD in African Languages from Stellenbosch University, South Africa. The title of her dissertation is "Definiteness and Specificity in Runyankore-Rukiga" (her dissertation can be accessed by following this link: http://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/95926). Runyankore-Rukiga is a Bantu language cluster of Uganda. <br />
Her interests are in the areas of morphology and syntax of Bantu languages. She also has a passion for the language description and documentation of the lesser-studied Bantu Languages of Uganda.<br />
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===[[User:Thomas Bearth|Thomas Bearth]]===<br />
[[Image:ThomasBearth1.jpeg|thumb|400px|right |Prof.Bearth - to the left]] <br />
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Professor Bearth is an emeritus from the University of Zürich. His research interest are: <br />
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* Syntax of natural language, discourse studies, <br />
* Pragmatics with special emphasis on information structure, tonology, lexicology; <br />
* Language as a factor of development; <br />
* Human language technologies in the teaching of African languages. <br />
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Languages/areas of special interest: <br />
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/mande Eastern Mande] ([http://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/tura-dan-mano Tura and Dan] <br />
* [http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/krua1234 Kru (Wobe-Guere) ] <br />
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/language/aka/view/***EDITION*** Akan], <br />
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Bantu: <br />
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*[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/swh/view/***EDITION*** Swahili], <br />
*[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/dua/view/***EDITION*** Duala], <br />
*[http://www.ethnologue.com/country/ug/languages Languages of Uganda].<br />
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More information about Emeritus Professor Bearth you can find on his [[User: Thomas Bearth|TypeCraft user page]]<br />
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===[[User:Joseph Bogny|Joseph Bogny]]===<br />
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''Expert for the [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/CI/languages langage de Côte d'Iviore]''<br />
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[[Image:Bogny.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Mbre village in the north of Côte d'Ivoire]]<br />
Joseph Y. BOGNY est enseignant-chercheur au département des Sciences du Langage et à l’Institut de Linguistique Appliquée (ILA) de l’Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny de Cocody-Abidjan, en Côte d’Ivoire. Il enseigne la syntaxe et la linguistique historique et comparative. Ses recherches portent sur les langues Kwa et s’inscrivent dans le cadre théorique de la grammaire générative, notamment dans le programme minimaliste. Il s’intéresse aussi à l’interface syntaxe-phonologie dans les langues Niger-Congo. Il est membre du Laboratoire des Théories et Modèles Linguistiques (LTML).<br />
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===[[User:Vera Ferreira|Vera Ferreira]]===<br />
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''Expert in Language Documentation and Revitalisation'''<br />
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[[Image:Vera_Ferreira.jpeg|thumb|150px|right|Vera Ferreira]]<br />
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After taking the licentiate degree in English and German Studies at the University of Coimbra (Portugal, 1999) and getting an M.A. degree in General Linguistics and Linguistic Typology at the Ludwig-Maximilian-University in Munich (Germany, 2000), Ferreira started her PhD in General Linguistics at the Ludwig-Maximilian-University and specialized in Language Documentation and endangered languages in Europe. <br />
Since 2007, Ferreira gives courses on Language Documentation and endangered languages at the Institute for General Linguistics and Language Typology (Ludwig-Maximilian-University) in Munich. In one of these courses, she developed a multimedia dictionary of Bavarian. From 2008 to 2012, she was responsible for the documentation of Minderico within the DoBeS project financed by the Volkswagen Foundation at the University of Regensburg.<br />
Vera Ferreira is the president of CIDLeS – Centro Interdisciplinar de Documentação Linguística e Social (Minde, Portugal) and head of its Language Documentation and Language Typology group. She is involved in several projects focusing on the documentation and study of minority/endangered languages in Europe. She holds seminars and workshops on language documentation, fieldwork, endangered languages and language typology. She is one of the Portuguese delegates of the COST Action "New Speakers in a Multilingual Europe: Opportunities and Challenges" (IS1306).<br />
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===[[User:Lars Hellan|Lars Hellan]] ===<br />
[[Image:LarsByM.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Lars Hellan]]<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Germanic_languages North Germanic Languages] <br />
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With some background in philology and philosophy, he was brought up as an early-generation generative grammarian, with Norwegian as main field. Being theoretically first oriented towards Government-Binding theory and Montague Grammar, he later - late 90ies - moved more towards constraint-based frameworks such as HPSG, and got interested in computational grammar implementation. Since early 90ies he has also been interested in typologically oriented research.<br />
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(More details can be seen on [[User:Lars Hellan]].)<br />
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===[[User:Mary Esther Kropp Dakubu|Mary Esther Kropp Dakubu]] ===<br />
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[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=GH Languages of Ghana]<br />
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[[Image:ME2.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Mary Esther Kropp Dakubu]]<br />
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Mary Esther Kropp Dakubu has been working on languages of West Africa, particularly languages spoken in Ghana, since about 1962, and has been associated with the University of Ghana since 1964. She received her PhD in West African Languages from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, after a BA (English and Philosophy) from Queen's University, Kingston ON Canada and an MA in Linguistics from the University of Pennsylvania. Since 2012 she has been editor-in-chief of the Ghana Journal of Linguistics, and since 2013 Chief Coordinator of the University of Ghana Readers Project. For her (relatively) recent publications follow [[User:Mary Esther Kropp Dakubu|this link to her user page ]]<br />
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===Sebastian Nordhoff===<br />
Sebastian Nordhoff studied computational linguistics and general<br />
linguistics. His main interests are grammar and using computational<br />
tools for language description. On the grammar side, he has authored "A<br />
grammar of Upcountry Sri Lanka Malay", while on the technological side,<br />
he edited "Linked Data in Linguistics" together with Sebastian Hellmann<br />
and [http://www.sfb632.uni-potsdam.de/~chiarcos/ Christian Chiarcos]. Both interests converge in <br />
"[http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/sp04/ Electronic Grammaticography]", published as a special publication of Language<br />
Documentation & Conservation.<br />
<br />
He is currently working on changing the publishing model in linguistcs<br />
towards the Open Access paradigm, at Language Science Press, and as a<br />
freelancer, where he advises linguists on how to store, process and<br />
publish their data.<br />
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===Marc van Oostendorp===<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonology Phonology]<br />
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[[Image:Marc.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Marc van Oostendorp]]<br />
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Marc van Oostendorp is not only a phonologist who works for the Meertens Institute in Amsterdam and a professor at the University of Leiden, but also a 'internet pioneer'. He has built for example the project [http://cf.hum.uva.nl/dsp/ljc/english.html Laurens Janszoon Coster], a comprehensive on-line collection of Dutch literary masterpieces, and is currently working on [http://www.taalmeldpunt.nl/ Meldpunt Taal], a website where laymen can share their observations on language variation and change with researchers.<br />
He has also studied [http://www.ipernity.com/home/58613 Esperanto].<br />
<br />
In phonology, Marc works mostly on phonological microvariation, that is, the study of those phonological features that determine the differences between dialects or social classes. Furthermore, he is the editor-in-chief of the [http://www.companiontophonology.com/ Companion to Phonology], to appear in 2011 with Blackwell.<br />
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===Medadi Ssentanda===<br />
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''Expert for [http://www.ethnologue.com/country/Ug/languages/***EDITION*** Luganda]''<br />
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[[Image:Medadi.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Medadi Ssentanda]]<br />
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Medadi E Ssentanda teaches in the Department of African Languages at Makerere University. He is currently undertaking a PhD study in language education (Applied Linguistics) at Stellenbosch University, South Africa. As a linguist, he is interested in the morphology of Luganda, his mother tongue, as well as in the description and documentation of Ugandan languages, most of which need to better described. <br />
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[http://www4.clustrmaps.com/user/8abdaf33 http://www4.clustrmaps.com/stats/maps-no_clusters/www.typecraft.org-thumb.jpg]</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=School_of_Languages,_Literature_and_Communication_-_Makerere_University&diff=13093School of Languages, Literature and Communication - Makerere University2013-10-28T07:55:28Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
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<div>[[Image:CrestMakerere.jpeg|100px||left ]]<br />
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'''The School of Languages, Literature and Communication''' is part of [http://mak.ac.ug/ Makerere University].<br />
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[[Image:MUIL-2.JPG|thumb|450px||right| The School of Languages, Literature and Communication]]<br />
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'''From 31st January 2011''' Makerere University was translated into a Collegeate University. The fromer Makerere Institute of Languages is now the '''School of Languages, Literature and Communication'''. The School is to have 5 Departments. From the current Institute of Languages will come out 3 Departments: The Department of African Languages; The Department of European and Oriental Languages and the Department of Linguistics, English Language Studies and Communication.<br />
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==Director==<br />
The Ag Principal of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences is:<br />
<br />
'''Prof. Oswald Ndoleriire'''<br />
<br />
Office Tel +256-41530872, <br />
<br />
E-mail: ondoleriire@yahoo.com<br />
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Prof Ndoleriire is the Ag Principal of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences. <br />
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''The details of Collegeate formation will be posted soon''.<br />
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==Upcoming events==<br />
Summer School coming eraly August 2011.<br />
<br />
Details of the programme will posted soon.<br />
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==Mission==<br />
'''To train for academic excellence through the enhancement of linguistic competence and communication proficiency for authentic, national and international development.'''<br />
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==Background== <br />
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The Institute of Languages dates back to the late 1950s when French was introduced as a degree course under, what was then, the Department of English. In the early 1960s German followed as a voluntary subject until 1967 when it became a degree course. <br />
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In 1968, a non-governmental organisation, "Survey of Language Use and Language Teaching in East Africa" sponsored by the Ford Foundation studied the situation of the indigenous languages of Uganda. As a follow-up of the study, the organisation saw the need to establish a Department of Linguistics and African Languages at the University. A proposal was made to the University and was accepted. Dr. Myers Carol Scotton, a Linguist, was recruited as the first lecturer in Linguistics and African Languages in 1968. <br />
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In July 1974, the Department of Languages as an administrative unit was created by the University Council. It comprised the subjects/sections of Linguistics and African Languages, French, German, Russian, Arabic and English Language Studies (ELS). The late Pio Zirimu was appointed the substantive Head of Department. <br />
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The basic principle behind the creation of the Department of Languages was to provide an official academic venue where European languages, Linguistics and African languages would be taught and promoted. <br />
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Today, the Ugandan Languages taught at the Institute are: Luganda, Runyakitara (i.e. Runyoro-Rutooro and Runyakore-Rukiga), Luo and Kiswahili. <br />
Lusoga-Lugwere-Lukenyi, Lumasaaba-Lusamia-Lunyole, Lugbarati-Madi and Ateso-Karimojong are planned to be introduced.<br />
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The Institute of Languages is a center of research for all other Uganda languages.<br />
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In 1994, the University Council approved the proposal to elevate the Department to the status of an Institute with effect from January 1995. <br />
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A common way to refer to the Institute is as Makerere University Institute of Languages (MUIL). Although the Institute is still part of the Faculty of Arts, it is working towards full autonomy. The Institute also administers the teaching of Communication Skills as a subject in the Institute but also as a University-wide subject. Secretarial Studies and Social Anthropology are also taught in the Institute. These were started in the academic year 1996/97. In 1998 a fully fledged Bachelors Degree in Secretarial Studies was introduced. <br />
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''Courses offered in the School of Languages, Literatute and Communication''<br />
==Bachelor of Scretarial Studies Programm== <br />
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===Introduction===<br />
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This course described in the following meet the needs of managerial, administrative and secretarial personnel in public offices. On completion of the courses, graduates are equipped with concepts, methods, techniques and tools that allow them to begin a career in government ministries, international organisations or the private sector. The course's structure and content are based on the 21st Century's need to produce highly trained graduates as envisioned in the Education Review Report and Government White Paper. <br />
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The courses focus on enabling students to enhance their practical skills and widen their intellectual scope to cope with the demands of a Public Office. Students are helped to acquire efficient communication skills needed in all aspects of life. <br />
Throughout the courses there is an emphasis on the production of bilingual or multilingual personnel with excellent translation and interpretation skills.<br />
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====Luganda==== <br />
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The Luganda as a subject was introduced in 1976. The Institute of Languages offers a Bachelor of Arts (Arts) and Bachelor of Arts (Education) degree in Luganda. Luganda is taught in combination with two other subjects. <br />
Graduates have competed favourably both locally and internationally, especially in the area of education, translation services, publishing and the media. However,new social and economical challenges as well as advances in language technology and the effect of globalisation ask for new answers.<br />
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Although the Institute has a decade long experience in teaching Luganda we still face great challenges. Luganda is still not satisfactorily studied, digital language resources are very limited and overall Lugandas is not yet well described and documented. <br />
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=====Objectives=====<br />
* To enable students of Luganda to fully acquire the four language skills: reading, writing, speaking and listening<br />
* To equip students with language description, analysis, documentation and language planning skills<br />
* To equip language teachers with adequate knowledge and content to handle the subject of Luganda<br />
* To promote interdisciplinarity within the department and the entire University<br />
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=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include education, interpretation and translation, the media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
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=====Contact Person=====<br />
'''Contact''': Medadi Erisa Ssentanda, Room UB36, Tel: +256782 333669<br />
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E-mail: ssentandam@yahoo.com.sg or ssentanda@arts.mak.ac.ug<br />
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====Runyakitara==== <br />
<br />
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=====Background===== <br />
Runyakitara which was started in 1990, is one of the subjects offered at the Institute of Languages. Runyakitara is a name given to the four major dialects found in Western Uganda namely Runyoro, Rutooro, Runyankore and Rukiga. <br />
Runyakitara is a language subject for a Bachelor of Arts Degree. It is offered in a combination with two other subjects. <br />
To offer Runyakitara as a subject is based on the following considerations:<br />
* Runyakitara is linguistically under-described and lacks language resources in form of written and digital material., <br />
* There is a high demand on people being educated in Runyakitara, <br />
* There is a high demand for educational and other resources in Runyakitara, such as: textbooks, dictionaries, information and written material for tourists. <br />
<br />
=====Aims and Objectives=====<br />
Based on these considerations, the aim of Runyakitara as subject is to train students and help them develop the following:<br />
* sound linguistic description<br />
* teaching of an indigenous language<br />
* translation studies <br />
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=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include education, interpretation and translation, the media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
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=====Contact Person=====<br />
'''Contact''': [[User:Allen Asiimwe|Allen Asiimwe]], Room LB 26, Tel +256 776846984 or 0703049406<br />
<br />
E-mail: akanyima@yahoo.com or a.asiimwe@arts.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
====Lwo==== <br />
The Lwo family of languages consists of several dialects like Acholi, Lango, Dhopadhola, Alur and Kumam.<br />
<br />
The language family has a large number of speakers not only in Uganda but also in Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan; thus making it an important regional language.<br />
<br />
Native speakers of Lwo will increase their linguistic skills and deepen their understanding of Lwo as a vehicle of development and culture.<br />
Even beginners or non-native speakers of Lwo will learn an exciting new language and broaden their perspective by interacting with people from a variety of Lwo cultures.<br />
Graduates of Lwo are on high demand to work as administrators, researchers, journalists, translators, editors, publishers, writers, teachers, development workers, extension workers, community mobilisers, in political and other people- oriented jobs.<br />
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====Communication Skills==== <br />
Communication Skills (CSK) is an interdisciplinary course that draws on insights from a number of disciplines in the Arts and Social Sciences like English, Mass Communication, Sociology, Psychology, History, Literature and others to help develop your knowledge on how people communicate.<br />
<br />
Communication skills prepares the students for the information age. The students will learn how to acquire, store, manipulate and use information effectively. The students will be equipped with principles that will inform their understanding of varied audiences and enable them to interact effectively with individuals and technologies. They will also learn how to process information using different media and how to create meaning about the world in a broad range of professional contexts. <br />
In addition they will acquire the essential communication skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing, as well as critical thinking and analytical skills that are fundamental for all University Courses.<br />
A graduate of Communication Skills can be employed in virtually any position in the modern world that depends on information.<br />
<br />
With a background in Communication Skills, students can excel in position of marketing, sales, advertising, public relations, development communication, journalism, interactive media, design and production, personnel administration, training, consulting, academics, research and many others.<br />
<br />
Graduates of communication skills are therefore trained to work in any organisation that deals with people and requires knowledge of communication and information technology.<br />
<br />
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=====Contact Person=====<br />
'''Contact''': Davies Rwabu, Room UB 15, Tel: +256 712940197<br />
<br />
E-mail: rwabu@arts.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
====English Language Studies(ELS)==== <br />
=====Introduction=====<br />
English Language Studies (ELS) is one of the subjects offered in the Institute of Languages both at undergraduate and graduate level. The general objectives of this course are:<br />
* To cultivate a linguistic awareness of the English language through the application of linguistic theories and techniques, as well as through comparisons of English and the more familiar Ugandan languages.<br />
*To provide an opportunity for the study of English as a second language within a typical multilingual and multicultural setting of which Uganda is one example.<br />
<br />
English is, without doubt, the number one language of the world. It is spoken, used and understood by billions all over the world. Indeed there are very few things one can do in the world today without knowledge of English. It is the language of academic scholarship, the language of international diplomacy and conferences, and it is also the official language of Uganda. The mastery of English at university level offers one a broad range of employment opportunities - both nationally and internationally - difficult to be surpassed by many other subjects.<br />
<br />
Due to the position of English, both globally and nationally, ELS remains one of the most popular subjects in the Institute of Languages. Graduates of the subject have readily been absorbed locally in such diverse fields as the civil service, the teaching profession, publishing and the mass media.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Contact Person=====<br />
'''Contact:'''<br />
Jackson Ssekiryango, Room UB 36, Tel +256 782962178<br />
<br />
E-mail: jssekir@yahoo.com or ssekirya@arts.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
====Anthropology==== <br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
====Chinese language====<br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
Contact person<br />
Mr Moses Kiwanuka Sserwadda, Room UB34, Tel +256 772561555, E-mail: kkmozey@yahoo.com<br />
<br />
====German Language====<br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
====French Language====<br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
====Projects Office====<br />
Besides academics, the School of Languages, Literature and Communication provides since a number of services to a wide range of both local and foreign clients through its '''Projects Unit'''. This Institute draws on the language expertise of its members of staff and professionals to render different services in its projects unit. <br />
The unit is run by a remarkably Dedicated Projects Management Committee that markets and supervises services in the areas of:<br />
* Teaching Languages: English, Kiswahilli, Arabic, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese and local languages, Luganda, Runyakitara, Lwo etc. <br />
* Translation and Interpretation services<br />
<br />
The Institute offers translation and interpretation services from and into both indigenous Ugandan/African and foreign languages. These include: Lwo, Luganda, Runyakitara (Runyankore-Rukiga and Runyoro-Rutooro), Lusoga, Lumasaaba, Kiswahili, English, Arabic, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Dutch, etc. <br />
<br />
=====Services=====<br />
======Tailor-made course modules for ======<br />
* Effective public speaking<br />
* Leadership at work<br />
* Business communication and interpersonal relationships<br />
* Business and formal letter writing<br />
* Report writing<br />
* Editing and proofreading<br />
* Information research and documentation<br />
* Public relations and team work building<br />
* English Language Profiency Certificates<br />
<br />
The Institute of Languages is the only place in Uganda that offers internationally recognised certificates of proficiency in English. This is an important service since most universities abroad require submission of proof of proficiency in English from students or applicants who are not native speakers of English language.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=School_of_Languages,_Literature_and_Communication_-_Makerere_University&diff=12544School of Languages, Literature and Communication - Makerere University2013-03-07T08:20:20Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:CrestMakerere.jpeg|100px||left ]]<br />
<br />
'''The School of Languages, Literature and Communication''' is part of [http://mak.ac.ug/ Makerere University].<br />
<br />
[[Image:MUIL-2.JPG|thumb|450px||right| The School of Languages, Literature and Communication]]<br />
<br />
'''From 31st January 2011''' Makerere University was translated into a Collegeate University. The fromer Makerere Institute of Languages is now the '''School of Languages, Literature and Communication'''. The School is to have 5 Departments. From the current Institute of Languages will come out 3 Departments: The Department of African Languages; The Department of European and Oriental Languages and the Department of Linguistics, English Language Studies and Communication.<br />
<br />
==Director==<br />
The Ag Principal of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences is:<br />
<br />
'''Prof. Oswald Ndoleriire'''<br />
<br />
Office Tel +256-41530872, <br />
<br />
E-mail: ondoleriire@yahoo.com<br />
<br />
Prof Ndoleriire is the Ag Principal of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences. <br />
<br />
''The details of Collegeate formation will be posted soon''.<br />
<br />
==Upcoming events==<br />
Summer School coming eraly August 2011.<br />
<br />
Details of the programme will posted soon.<br />
<br />
==Mission==<br />
'''To train for academic excellence through the enhancement of linguistic competence and communication proficiency for authentic, national and international development.'''<br />
<br />
==Background== <br />
<br />
The Institute of Languages dates back to the late 1950s when French was introduced as a degree course under, what was then, the Department of English. In the early 1960s German followed as a voluntary subject until 1967 when it became a degree course. <br />
<br />
In 1968, a non-governmental organisation, "Survey of Language Use and Language Teaching in East Africa" sponsored by the Ford Foundation studied the situation of the indigenous languages of Uganda. As a follow-up of the study, the organisation saw the need to establish a Department of Linguistics and African Languages at the University. A proposal was made to the University and was accepted. Dr. Myers Carol Scotton, a Linguist, was recruited as the first lecturer in Linguistics and African Languages in 1968. <br />
<br />
In July 1974, the Department of Languages as an administrative unit was created by the University Council. It comprised the subjects/sections of Linguistics and African Languages, French, German, Russian, Arabic and English Language Studies (ELS). The late Pio Zirimu was appointed the substantive Head of Department. <br />
<br />
The basic principle behind the creation of the Department of Languages was to provide an official academic venue where European languages, Linguistics and African languages would be taught and promoted. <br />
<br />
Today, the Ugandan Languages taught at the Institute are: Luganda, Runyakitara (i.e. Runyoro-Rutooro and Runyakore-Rukiga), Luo and Kiswahili. <br />
Lusoga-Lugwere-Lukenyi, Lumasaaba-Lusamia-Lunyole, Lugbarati-Madi and Ateso-Karimojong are planned to be introduced.<br />
<br />
The Institute of Languages is a center of research for all other Uganda languages.<br />
<br />
In 1994, the University Council approved the proposal to elevate the Department to the status of an Institute with effect from January 1995. <br />
<br />
A common way to refer to the Institute is as Makerere University Institute of Languages (MUIL). Although the Institute is still part of the Faculty of Arts, it is working towards full autonomy. The Institute also administers the teaching of Communication Skills as a subject in the Institute but also as a University-wide subject. Secretarial Studies and Social Anthropology are also taught in the Institute. These were started in the academic year 1996/97. In 1998 a fully fledged Bachelors Degree in Secretarial Studies was introduced. <br />
<br />
''Courses offered in the School of Languages, Literatute and Communication''<br />
==Bachelor of Scretarial Studies Programm== <br />
<br />
===Introduction===<br />
<br />
This course described in the following meet the needs of managerial, administrative and secretarial personnel in public offices. On completion of the courses, graduates are equipped with concepts, methods, techniques and tools that allow them to begin a career in government ministries, international organisations or the private sector. The course's structure and content are based on the 21st Century's need to produce highly trained graduates as envisioned in the Education Review Report and Government White Paper. <br />
<br />
The courses focus on enabling students to enhance their practical skills and widen their intellectual scope to cope with the demands of a Public Office. Students are helped to acquire efficient communication skills needed in all aspects of life. <br />
Throughout the courses there is an emphasis on the production of bilingual or multilingual personnel with excellent translation and interpretation skills.<br />
<br />
====Luganda==== <br />
<br />
The Luganda as a subject was introduced in 1976. The Institute of Languages offers a Bachelor of Arts (Arts) and Bachelor of Arts (Education) degree in Luganda. Luganda is taught in combination with two other subjects. <br />
Graduates have competed favourably both locally and internationally, especially in the area of education, translation services, publishing and the media. However,new social and economical challenges as well as advances in language technology and the effect of globalisation ask for new answers.<br />
<br />
Although the Institute has a decade long experience in teaching Luganda we still face great challenges. Luganda is still not satisfactorily studied, digital language resources are very limited and overall Lugandas is not yet well described and documented. <br />
<br />
=====Objectives=====<br />
* To enable students of Luganda to fully acquire the four language skills: reading, writing, speaking and listening<br />
* To equip students with language description, analysis, documentation and language planning skills<br />
* To equip language teachers with adequate knowledge and content to handle the subject of Luganda<br />
* To promote interdisciplinarity within the department and the entire University<br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include education, interpretation and translation, the media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
=====Contact Person=====<br />
'''Contact''': Medadi Erisa Ssentanda, Room UB36, Tel: +256782 333669<br />
<br />
E-mail: ssentandam@yahoo.com.sg or ssentanda@arts.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
====Runyakitara==== <br />
[[Image:P1030004.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Runyakitara staff: From left to right: Mr. Gilbert Gumoshabe, Mr. John Kintu, Mr.Celestino Oriikiriza, Ms. Allen Asiimwe, and Prof. Oswald Ndoleriire]]<br />
<br />
=====Background===== <br />
Runyakitara which was started in 1990, is one of the subjects offered at the Institute of Languages. Runyakitara is a name given to the four major dialects found in Western Uganda namely Runyoro, Rutooro, Runyankore and Rukiga. <br />
Runyakitara is a language subject for a Bachelor of Arts Degree. It is offered in a combination with two other subjects. <br />
To offer Runyakitara as a subject is based on the following considerations:<br />
* Runyakitara is linguistically under-described and lacks language resources in form of written and digital material., <br />
* There is a high demand on people being educated in Runyakitara, <br />
* There is a high demand for educational and other resources in Runyakitara, such as: textbooks, dictionaries, information and written material for tourists. <br />
<br />
=====Aims and Objectives=====<br />
Based on these considerations, the aim of Runyakitara as subject is to train students and help them develop the following:<br />
* sound linguistic description<br />
* teaching of an indigenous language<br />
* translation studies <br />
<br />
=====Job opportunities=====<br />
Opportunities for possible employment include education, interpretation and translation, the media, publishing, social work and administration.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Contact Person=====<br />
'''Contact''': [[User:Allen Asiimwe|Allen Asiimwe]], Room LB 26, Tel +256 776846984 or 0703049406<br />
<br />
E-mail: akanyima@yahoo.com or a.asiimwe@arts.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
====Lwo==== <br />
The Lwo family of languages consists of several dialects like Acholi, Lango, Dhopadhola, Alur and Kumam.<br />
<br />
The language family has a large number of speakers not only in Uganda but also in Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan; thus making it an important regional language.<br />
<br />
Native speakers of Lwo will increase their linguistic skills and deepen their understanding of Lwo as a vehicle of development and culture.<br />
Even beginners or non-native speakers of Lwo will learn an exciting new language and broaden their perspective by interacting with people from a variety of Lwo cultures.<br />
Graduates of Lwo are on high demand to work as administrators, researchers, journalists, translators, editors, publishers, writers, teachers, development workers, extension workers, community mobilisers, in political and other people- oriented jobs.<br />
<br />
<br />
====Communication Skills==== <br />
Communication Skills (CSK) is an interdisciplinary course that draws on insights from a number of disciplines in the Arts and Social Sciences like English, Mass Communication, Sociology, Psychology, History, Literature and others to help develop your knowledge on how people communicate.<br />
<br />
Communication skills prepares the students for the information age. The students will learn how to acquire, store, manipulate and use information effectively. The students will be equipped with principles that will inform their understanding of varied audiences and enable them to interact effectively with individuals and technologies. They will also learn how to process information using different media and how to create meaning about the world in a broad range of professional contexts. <br />
In addition they will acquire the essential communication skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing, as well as critical thinking and analytical skills that are fundamental for all University Courses.<br />
A graduate of Communication Skills can be employed in virtually any position in the modern world that depends on information.<br />
<br />
With a background in Communication Skills, students can excel in position of marketing, sales, advertising, public relations, development communication, journalism, interactive media, design and production, personnel administration, training, consulting, academics, research and many others.<br />
<br />
Graduates of communication skills are therefore trained to work in any organisation that deals with people and requires knowledge of communication and information technology.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Contact Person=====<br />
'''Contact''': Davies Rwabu, Room UB 15, Tel: +256 712940197<br />
<br />
E-mail: rwabu@arts.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
====English Language Studies(ELS)==== <br />
=====Introduction=====<br />
English Language Studies (ELS) is one of the subjects offered in the Institute of Languages both at undergraduate and graduate level. The general objectives of this course are:<br />
* To cultivate a linguistic awareness of the English language through the application of linguistic theories and techniques, as well as through comparisons of English and the more familiar Ugandan languages.<br />
*To provide an opportunity for the study of English as a second language within a typical multilingual and multicultural setting of which Uganda is one example.<br />
<br />
English is, without doubt, the number one language of the world. It is spoken, used and understood by billions all over the world. Indeed there are very few things one can do in the world today without knowledge of English. It is the language of academic scholarship, the language of international diplomacy and conferences, and it is also the official language of Uganda. The mastery of English at university level offers one a broad range of employment opportunities - both nationally and internationally - difficult to be surpassed by many other subjects.<br />
<br />
Due to the position of English, both globally and nationally, ELS remains one of the most popular subjects in the Institute of Languages. Graduates of the subject have readily been absorbed locally in such diverse fields as the civil service, the teaching profession, publishing and the mass media.<br />
<br />
<br />
=====Contact Person=====<br />
'''Contact:'''<br />
Jackson Ssekiryango, Room UB 36, Tel +256 782962178<br />
<br />
E-mail: jssekir@yahoo.com or ssekirya@arts.mak.ac.ug<br />
<br />
====Anthropology==== <br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
====Chinese language====<br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
Contact person<br />
Mr Moses Kiwanuka Sserwadda, Room UB34, Tel +256 772561555, E-mail: kkmozey@yahoo.com<br />
<br />
====German Language====<br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
====French Language====<br />
<br />
-more soon-<br />
<br />
====Projects Office====<br />
Besides academics, the School of Languages, Literature and Communication provides since a number of services to a wide range of both local and foreign clients through its '''Projects Unit'''. This Institute draws on the language expertise of its members of staff and professionals to render different services in its projects unit. <br />
The unit is run by a remarkably Dedicated Projects Management Committee that markets and supervises services in the areas of:<br />
* Teaching Languages: English, Kiswahilli, Arabic, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese and local languages, Luganda, Runyakitara, Lwo etc. <br />
* Translation and Interpretation services<br />
<br />
The Institute offers translation and interpretation services from and into both indigenous Ugandan/African and foreign languages. These include: Lwo, Luganda, Runyakitara (Runyankore-Rukiga and Runyoro-Rutooro), Lusoga, Lumasaaba, Kiswahili, English, Arabic, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, Japanese, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Dutch, etc. <br />
<br />
=====Services=====<br />
======Tailor-made course modules for ======<br />
* Effective public speaking<br />
* Leadership at work<br />
* Business communication and interpersonal relationships<br />
* Business and formal letter writing<br />
* Report writing<br />
* Editing and proofreading<br />
* Information research and documentation<br />
* Public relations and team work building<br />
* English Language Profiency Certificates<br />
<br />
The Institute of Languages is the only place in Uganda that offers internationally recognised certificates of proficiency in English. This is an important service since most universities abroad require submission of proof of proficiency in English from students or applicants who are not native speakers of English language.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=User:Allen_Asiimwe&diff=11597User:Allen Asiimwe2012-06-01T19:13:47Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Allen.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]<br />
My name is Allen Asiimwe.<br />
I am a Ugandan and I live in Stellenbosch-South Africa at the moment.<br />
I work at Makerere University in the department of African Languages as an Assistant Lecturer.<br />
I hold a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Postgraduate Diploma in Education both from Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. I also hold a Master of Philosophy (Linguistics) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.<br />
At Makerere I teach Runyakitara. Runyakitara is the name given to the four closely related languages, namely Runyankore, Rukiga, Runyoro, and Rutooro, spoken in the south-western part of Uganda. Since the lexical similarity between Runyankore and Rukiga is very high, they are normally referred to as Runyakore-Rukiga, that is, as one language and the same is true for Runyoro and Rutooro. My dialect is Rukiga and all my research so far is on Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
===== Allen Asiimwe (2007) Morpho-syntactic Patterns in Runyankore-Rukiga =====<br />
<br />
My Master's degree thesis is of a descriptive nature. The main purpose was to document important grammatical constructions in Runyankore-Rukiga. The introductory chapter describes the nominal and verbal morphology of Runyakore-Rukiga. I then investigate Locative Marking and compare Locative-Inversion across several Bantu languages with Locative Inversion in RR. To the best of my knowledge no one has ever done comprehensive research on locative marking including Runyankore-Rukiga. There is also a chapter on the grammatical functions of the Initial Vowel in Runyakore-Rukiga, an interesting yet neglected area that impacts on almost all parts of grammar of a Bantu language. All the illustrations in Runyankore-Rukiga used in my thesis were glossed using Typecraft.<br />
<br />
Together with Dorothee Beermann, I have continued to investigate locative marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. We are currently looking at the morpho-syntax of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga, focusing mainly on the multi-functional nature of the locative classes.<br />
<br />
I am committed to doing more research on my mother tongue. I would like to see it develop. <br />
<br />
My latest squib on TypeCraft is: [[A_comparative_analysis_of_Runyankore-Rukiga_and_Luganda_pronominal_agreement]]. It is still under construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
At present I am a PhD student under the [http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Arts/ADA ADA] (African Doctoral Academy) at the [http://www.sun.ac.za Stellenbosch University] in South Africa. In my research, I intend to explore the properties of the preprefix (initial vowel) for the role it plays in determining definiteness and specificity in Runyankore-Rukiga. Next to the preprefix other morpho-syntactic parameters that are active in marking definiteness and specificity will also be examined. Can the preprefix be said to play the role of a definite article, is one of the questions that will be answered.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=User:Allen_Asiimwe&diff=11596User:Allen Asiimwe2012-06-01T19:11:52Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Allen.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]<br />
My name is Allen Asiimwe.<br />
I am a Ugandan and I live in Stellenbosch-South Africa at the moment.<br />
I work at Makerere University in the department of African Languages as an Assistant Lecturer.<br />
I hold a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Postgraduate Diploma in Education both from Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. I also hold a Master of Philosophy (Linguistics) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.<br />
At Makerere I teach Runyakitara. Runyakitara is the name given to the four closely related languages, namely Runyankore, Rukiga, Runyoro, and Rutooro, spoken in the south-western part of Uganda. Since the lexical similarity between Runyankore and Rukiga is very high, they are normally referred to as Runyakore-Rukiga, that is, as one language and the same is true for Runyoro and Rutooro. My dialect is Rukiga and all my research so far is on Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
===== Allen Asiimwe (2007) Morpho-syntactic Patterns in Runyankore-Rukiga =====<br />
<br />
My Master's degree thesis is of a descriptive nature. The main purpose was to document important grammatical constructions in Runyankore-Rukiga. The introductory chapter describes the nominal and verbal morphology of Runyakore-Rukiga. I then investigate Locative Marking and compare Locative-Inversion across several Bantu languages with Locative Inversion in RR. To the best of my knowledge no one has ever done comprehensive research on locative marking including Runyankore-Rukiga. There is also a chapter on the grammatical functions of the Initial Vowel in Runyakore-Rukiga, an interesting yet neglected area that impacts on almost all parts of grammar of a Bantu language. All the illustrations in Runyankore-Rukiga used in my thesis were glossed using Typecraft.<br />
<br />
Together with Dorothee Beermann, I have continued to investigate locative marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. We are currently looking at the morpho-syntax of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga, focusing mainly on the multi-functional nature of the locative classes.<br />
<br />
I am committed to doing more research on my mother tongue. I would like to see it develop. <br />
<br />
My latest squib on TypeCraft is: [[A_comparative_analysis_of_Runyankore-Rukiga_and_Luganda_pronominal_agreement]]. It is still under construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
At present I am a PhD student under the [http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Arts/ADA ADA] (African Doctoral Academy) at the [http://www.sun.ac.za Stellenbosch University] in South Africa. In my research, I intend to explore the properties of the preprefix (initial vowel) as the role it plays in determining definiteness and specificity in Runyankore-Rukiga. Next to the preprefix other morpho-syntactic parameters that are active in marking definiteness and specificity will also be examined. Can the preprefix be said to play the role of a definite article, is one of the questions that will be answered.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=User:Allen_Asiimwe&diff=11595User:Allen Asiimwe2012-06-01T19:11:23Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Allen.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]<br />
My name is Allen Asiimwe.<br />
I am a Ugandan and I live Stellenbosch South Africa at the moment.<br />
I work at Makerere University in the department of African Languages as an Assistant Lecturer.<br />
I hold a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Postgraduate Diploma in Education both from Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. I also hold a Master of Philosophy (Linguistics) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.<br />
At Makerere I teach Runyakitara. Runyakitara is the name given to the four closely related languages, namely Runyankore, Rukiga, Runyoro, and Rutooro, spoken in the south-western part of Uganda. Since the lexical similarity between Runyankore and Rukiga is very high, they are normally referred to as Runyakore-Rukiga, that is, as one language and the same is true for Runyoro and Rutooro. My dialect is Rukiga and all my research so far is on Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
===== Allen Asiimwe (2007) Morpho-syntactic Patterns in Runyankore-Rukiga =====<br />
<br />
My Master's degree thesis is of a descriptive nature. The main purpose was to document important grammatical constructions in Runyankore-Rukiga. The introductory chapter describes the nominal and verbal morphology of Runyakore-Rukiga. I then investigate Locative Marking and compare Locative-Inversion across several Bantu languages with Locative Inversion in RR. To the best of my knowledge no one has ever done comprehensive research on locative marking including Runyankore-Rukiga. There is also a chapter on the grammatical functions of the Initial Vowel in Runyakore-Rukiga, an interesting yet neglected area that impacts on almost all parts of grammar of a Bantu language. All the illustrations in Runyankore-Rukiga used in my thesis were glossed using Typecraft.<br />
<br />
Together with Dorothee Beermann, I have continued to investigate locative marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. We are currently looking at the morpho-syntax of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga, focusing mainly on the multi-functional nature of the locative classes.<br />
<br />
I am committed to doing more research on my mother tongue. I would like to see it develop. <br />
<br />
My latest squib on TypeCraft is: [[A_comparative_analysis_of_Runyankore-Rukiga_and_Luganda_pronominal_agreement]]. It is still under construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
At present I am a PhD student under the [http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Arts/ADA ADA] (African Doctoral Academy) at the [http://www.sun.ac.za Stellenbosch University] in South Africa. In my research, I intend to explore the properties of the preprefix (initial vowel) as the role it plays in determining definiteness and specificity in Runyankore-Rukiga. Next to the preprefix other morpho-syntactic parameters that are active in marking definiteness and specificity will also be examined. Can the preprefix be said to play the role of a definite article, is one of the questions that will be answered.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Corpus:Definiteness_and_Specificity&diff=11206Corpus:Definiteness and Specificity2012-05-06T14:49:58Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Source|source=linguistic collection|author=Allen Asiimwe|editor=|title=|date/place=|volume/pages=|Olanguage=|ISBN=|publisher=|translanguage=|translator=Allen Asiimwe|onlinedistribution=|type=collection|annotator=Allen Asiimwe|contributor=|corpustranslator=|link=|article=}}</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Noun_Phrases_in_Runyankore-Rukiga&diff=10866Noun Phrases in Runyankore-Rukiga2012-03-10T20:26:41Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>by [[User:Allen Asiimwe|Allen Asiimwe]]<br />
<br />
'''Still under construction'''<br />
{{TCedit}}<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
Studies on the structure of the noun phrase in several Bantu languages have been done. Some of these languages are: Kagulu (Petzell 2008), Matengo (Ndomba 2006), Ngoni (Ngonyani 2003), Nyambo (Rugemalira 2005), Swahili (Krifka 1985), Herero (Elderkin 2003). As far as I am aware of, no reference has been made to the noun phrase in any of the Bantu languages spoken in Uganda. And yet,there are indications that the structure of the noun phrase across Bantu languages varies from language to language, and that, in order to obtain a full picture of the Bantu noun phrase, more Bantu languages should be included into the sample of studied languages. <br />
<br />
Here the focus is on Runyankore-Rukiga, a Bantu language spoken in the South-western part of Uganda with approximately four million speakers. Once in a while, reference will be made to some other selected Ugandan Bantu languages, as a way of comparing the structure of the noun phrase with those selected languages. <br />
<br />
The question that I will address is this squib is whether a shift in the positions of elements within the noun phrase will change the meaning of the noun phrase as a whole.<br />
<br />
'''Elements in the Runyankore-Rukiga noun phrase'''<br />
<br />
A Runyankore-Rukiga noun dependents include numerals, adjectives, quantifiers, relative pronouns, demonstratives and possessives.<br />
<br />
<br />
<Phrase>12865</Phrase><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* Petzell 2008<br />
* Ndomba 2006<br />
* Ngonyani 2003<br />
* Krifka 1985<br />
* Elderkin 2003 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Squib]]</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=User:Allen_Asiimwe&diff=10771User:Allen Asiimwe2012-03-03T20:46:57Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Allen.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]<br />
My name is Allen Asiimwe.<br />
I am a Ugandan and I live in Kampala.<br />
I work at Makerere University in the Institute of Languages as an Assistant Lecturer.<br />
I hold a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Postgraduate Diploma in Education both from Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. I also hold a Master of Philosophy (Linguistics) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.<br />
I am currently teaching (and coordinating) Runyakitara at Makerere University. Runyakitara is the name given to the four closely related languages, namely Runyankore, Rukiga, Runyoro, and Rutooro, spoken in the south-western part of Uganda. Since the lexical similarity between Runyankore and Rukiga is very high, they are normally referred to as Runyakore-Rukiga, that is, as one language and the same is true for Runyoro and Rutooro. My dialect is Rukiga and all my research so far is on Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
===== Allen Asiimwe (2007) Morpho-syntactic Patterns in Runyankore-Rukiga =====<br />
<br />
My Master's degree thesis is of a descriptive nature. The main purpose was to document important grammatical constructions in Runyankore-Rukiga. The introductory chapter describes the nominal and verbal morphology of Runyakore-Rukiga. I then investigate Locative Marking and compare Locative-Inversion across several Bantu languages with Locative Inversion in RR. To the best of my knowledge no one has ever done comprehensive research on locative marking including Runyankore-Rukiga. There is also a chapter on the grammatical functions of the Initial Vowel in Runyakore-Rukiga, an interesting yet neglected area that impacts on almost all parts of grammar of a Bantu language. All the illustrations in Runyankore-Rukiga used in my thesis were glossed using Typecraft.<br />
<br />
Together with Dorothee Beermann, I have continued to investigate locative marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. We are currently looking at the morpho-syntax of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga, focusing mainly on the multi-functional nature of the locative classes.<br />
<br />
I am committed to doing more research on my mother tongue. I would like to see it develop. <br />
<br />
My latest squib on TypeCraft is: [[A_comparative_analysis_of_Runyankore-Rukiga_and_Luganda_pronominal_agreement]]. It is still under construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
At present I am a PhD student under the [http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Arts/ADA ADA] (African Doctoral Academy) at the [http://www.sun.ac.za Stellenbosch University] in South Africa. In my research, I intend to explore the properties of the preprefix (initial vowel) at the role it plays in determining definiteness and specificity in Runyankore-Rukiga. Next to the preprefix other morpho-syntactic parameters that are active in marking definiteness and specificity will also be examined. Can the preprefix be said to play the role of a definite article, is one of the questions that will be asked.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=User:Allen_Asiimwe&diff=10749User:Allen Asiimwe2012-03-02T06:11:44Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Allen.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]<br />
My name is Allen Asiimwe.<br />
I am a Ugandan and I live in Kampala.<br />
I work at Makerere University in the Institute of Languages as an Assistant Lecturer.<br />
I hold a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Postgraduate Diploma in Education both from Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. I also hold a Master of Philosophy (Linguistics) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.<br />
I am currently teaching (and coordinating) Runyakitara at Makerere University. Runyakitara is the name given to the four closely related languages, namely Runyankore, Rukiga, Runyoro, and Rutooro, spoken in the south-western part of Uganda. Since the lexical similarity between Runyankore and Rukiga is very high, they are normally referred to as Runyakore-Rukiga, that is, as one language and the same is true for Runyoro and Rutooro. My dialect is Rukiga and all my research so far is on Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
===== Allen Asiimwe (2007) Morpho-syntactic Patterns in Runyankore-Rukiga =====<br />
<br />
My Master's degree thesis is of a descriptive nature. The main purpose was to document important grammatical constructions in Runyankore-Rukiga. The introductory chapter describes the nominal and verbal morphology of Runyakore-Rukiga. I then investigate Locative Marking and compare Locative-Inversion across several Bantu languages with Locative Inversion in RR. To the best of my knowledge no one has ever done comprehensive research on locative marking including Runyankore-Rukiga. There is also a chapter on the grammatical functions of the Initial Vowel in Runyakore-Rukiga, an interesting yet neglected area that impacts on almost all parts of grammar of a Bantu language. All the illustrations in Runyankore-Rukiga used in my thesis were glossed using Typecraft.<br />
<br />
Together with Dorothee Beermann, my MPhil(Lin) supervisor, I have continued to investigate locative marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. We are currently looking at the morpho-syntax of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga, focusing mainly on the multi-functional nature of the locative classes.<br />
<br />
I am committed to doing more research on my mother tongue. I would like to see it develop. I am also devoted to working with Typcraft.<br />
<br />
My latest squib on TypeCraft is: [[A_comparative_analysis_of_Runyankore-Rukiga_and_Luganda_pronominal_agreement]]. It is still under construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
This year (2012), I got a scholarship through [http://www.pangeaonline.org PANGeA] (The Partnership for Africa's Next Generation of Academics) at [http://www.sun.ac.za Stellenbosch University] in South Africa. I am registered under the [http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Arts ADA] (African Doctoral Academy)program as a full time PhD student in the department of [http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Arts/Departments/african-lang African languages]. In my research, I intend to explore the properties of the preprefix (initial vowel) in relation to definiteness and specificity in Runyankore-Rukiga. Since the preprefix cannot be totally reduced to a definite article, as '''the''' in English, other morpho-syntactic parameters that are active in marking definiteness and specificity in the language of study will also be examined.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=User:Allen_Asiimwe&diff=10748User:Allen Asiimwe2012-03-02T06:07:31Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Allen.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]<br />
My name is Allen Asiimwe.<br />
I am a Ugandan and I live in Kampala.<br />
I work at Makerere University in the Institute of Languages as an Assistant Lecturer.<br />
I hold a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Postgraduate Diploma in Education both from Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. I also hold a Master of Philosophy (Linguistics) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.<br />
I am currently teaching (and coordinating) Runyakitara at Makerere University. Runyakitara is the name given to the four closely related languages, namely Runyankore, Rukiga, Runyoro, and Rutooro, spoken in the south-western part of Uganda. Since the lexical similarity between Runyankore and Rukiga is very high, they are normally referred to as Runyakore-Rukiga, that is, as one language and the same is true for Runyoro and Rutooro. My dialect is Rukiga and all my research so far is on Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
===== Allen Asiimwe (2007) Morpho-syntactic Patterns in Runyankore-Rukiga =====<br />
<br />
My Master's degree thesis is of a descriptive nature. The main purpose was to document important grammatical constructions in Runyankore-Rukiga. The introductory chapter describes the nominal and verbal morphology of Runyakore-Rukiga. I then investigate Locative Marking and compare Locative-Inversion across several Bantu languages with Locative Inversion in RR. To the best of my knowledge no one has ever done comprehensive research on locative marking including Runyankore-Rukiga. There is also a chapter on the grammatical functions of the Initial Vowel in Runyakore-Rukiga, an interesting yet neglected area that impacts on almost all parts of grammar of a Bantu language. All the illustrations in Runyankore-Rukiga used in my thesis were glossed using Typecraft.<br />
<br />
Together with Dorothee Beermann, my MPhil(Lin) supervisor, I have continued to investigate locative marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. We are currently looking at the morpho-syntax of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga, focusing mainly on the multi-functional nature of the locative classes.<br />
<br />
I am committed to doing more research on my mother tongue. I would like to see it develop. I am also devoted to working with Typcraft.<br />
<br />
My latest squib on TypeCraft is: [[A_comparative_analysis_of_Runyankore-Rukiga_and_Luganda_pronominal_agreement]]. It is still under construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
This year (2012), I got a scholarship through [http://www.pangeaonline.org PANGeA] (The Partnership for Africa's Next Generation of Academics) at [http://www.sun.ac.za Stellenbosch University] in South Africa. I am registered under the [http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Arts ADA] (African Doctoral Academy) as a full time PhD student in the department of [http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Arts/Departments/african-lang African languages]. In my research, I intend to explore the properties of the preprefix (initial vowel) in relation to definiteness and specificity in Runyankore-Rukiga. Since the preprefix cannot be totally reduced to a definite article, as '''the''' in English, other morpho-syntactic parameters that are active in marking definiteness and specificity in the language of study will also be examined.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=User:Allen_Asiimwe&diff=10747User:Allen Asiimwe2012-03-02T05:58:16Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Allen.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]<br />
My name is Allen Asiimwe.<br />
I am a Ugandan and I live in Kampala.<br />
I work at Makerere University in the Institute of Languages as an Assistant Lecturer.<br />
I hold a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Postgraduate Diploma in Education both from Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. I also hold a Master of Philosophy (Linguistics) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.<br />
I am currently teaching (and coordinating) Runyakitara at Makerere University. Runyakitara is the name given to the four closely related languages, namely Runyankore, Rukiga, Runyoro, and Rutooro, spoken in the south-western part of Uganda. Since the lexical similarity between Runyankore and Rukiga is very high, they are normally referred to as Runyakore-Rukiga, that is, as one language and the same is true for Runyoro and Rutooro. My dialect is Rukiga and all my research so far is on Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
===== Allen Asiimwe (2007) Morpho-syntactic Patterns in Runyankore-Rukiga =====<br />
<br />
My Master's degree thesis is of a descriptive nature. The main purpose was to document important grammatical constructions in Runyankore-Rukiga. The introductory chapter describes the nominal and verbal morphology of Runyakore-Rukiga. I then investigate Locative Marking and compare Locative-Inversion across several Bantu languages with Locative Inversion in RR. To the best of my knowledge no one has ever done comprehensive research on locative marking including Runyankore-Rukiga. There is also a chapter on the grammatical functions of the Initial Vowel in Runyakore-Rukiga, an interesting yet neglected area that impacts on almost all parts of grammar of a Bantu language. All the illustrations in Runyankore-Rukiga used in my thesis were glossed using Typecraft.<br />
<br />
Together with Dorothee Beermann, my MPhil(Lin) supervisor, I have continued to investigate locative marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. We are currently looking at the morpho-syntax of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga, focusing mainly on the multi-functional nature of the locative classes.<br />
<br />
I am committed to doing more research on my mother tongue. I would like to see it develop. I am also devoted to working with Typcraft.<br />
<br />
My latest squib on TypeCraft is: [[A_comparative_analysis_of_Runyankore-Rukiga_and_Luganda_pronominal_agreement]]. It is still under construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
This year (2012), I got a scholarship through [http://www.pangeaonline.org PANGeA] (The Partnership for Africa's Next Generation of Academics) at [http://www.sun.ac.za Stellenbosch University] in South Africa. I am currently a full time PhD student in the department of [http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Arts/Departments/african-lang African languages]. In my research, I intend to explore the properties of the preprefix (initial vowel) in relation to definiteness and specificity in Runyankore-Rukiga. Since the preprefix cannot be totally reduced to a definite article, as '''the''' in English, other morpho-syntactic parameters that are active in marking definiteness and specificity in the language of study will also be examined.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=User:Allen_Asiimwe&diff=10726User:Allen Asiimwe2012-03-01T23:36:26Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Allen.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]<br />
My name is Allen Asiimwe.<br />
I am a Ugandan and I live in Kampala.<br />
I work at Makerere University in the Institute of Languages as an Assistant Lecturer.<br />
I hold a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Postgraduate Diploma in Education both from Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. I also hold a Master of Philosophy (Linguistics) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.<br />
I am currently teaching (and coordinating) Runyakitara at Makerere University. Runyakitara is the name given to the four closely related languages, namely Runyankore, Rukiga, Runyoro, and Rutooro, spoken in the south-western part of Uganda. Since the lexical similarity between Runyankore and Rukiga is very high, they are normally referred to as Runyakore-Rukiga, that is, as one language and the same is true for Runyoro and Rutooro. My dialect is Rukiga and all my research so far is on Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
===== Allen Asiimwe (2007) Morpho-syntactic Patterns in Runyankore-Rukiga =====<br />
<br />
My Master's degree thesis is of a descriptive nature. The main purpose was to document important grammatical constructions in Runyankore-Rukiga. The introductory chapter describes the nominal and verbal morphology of Runyakore-Rukiga. I then investigate Locative Marking and compare Locative-Inversion across several Bantu languages with Locative Inversion in RR. To the best of my knowledge no one has ever done comprehensive research on locative marking including Runyankore-Rukiga. There is also a chapter on the grammatical functions of the Initial Vowel in Runyakore-Rukiga, an interesting yet neglected area that impacts on almost all parts of grammar of a Bantu language. All the illustrations in Runyankore-Rukiga used in my thesis were glossed using Typecraft.<br />
<br />
Together with Dorothee Beermann, my MPhil(Lin) supervisor, I have continued to investigate locative marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. We are currently looking at the morpho-syntax of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga, focusing mainly on the multi-functional nature of the locative classes.<br />
<br />
I am committed to doing more research on my mother tongue. I would like to see it develop. I am also devoted to working with Typcraft.<br />
<br />
My latest squib on TypeCraft is: [[A_comparative_analysis_of_Runyankore-Rukiga_and_Luganda_pronominal_agreement]]. It is still under construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
The year is 2012 and I AM BACK IN SCHOOL!<br />
Currently, I am enrolled at [http://www.sun.ac.za Stellenbosch University] in South Africa as a full time PhD student in the department of [http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Arts/Departments/african-lang African languages]. In my research, I intend to explore the properties of the preprefix (initial vowel) in relation to definiteness and specificity in Runyankore-Rukiga. Since the preprefix cannot be totally reduced to a definite article, as '''the''' in English, other morpho-syntactic parameters that are active in marking definiteness and specificity in the language of study will also be examined.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=User:Allen_Asiimwe&diff=10725User:Allen Asiimwe2012-03-01T23:35:54Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Allen.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]<br />
My name is Allen Asiimwe.<br />
I am a Ugandan and I live in Kampala.<br />
I work at Makerere University in the Institute of Languages as an Assistant Lecturer.<br />
I hold a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Postgraduate Diploma in Education both from Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. I also hold a Master of Philosophy (Linguistics) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.<br />
I am currently teaching (and coordinating) Runyakitara at Makerere University. Runyakitara is the name given to the four closely related languages, namely Runyankore, Rukiga, Runyoro, and Rutooro, spoken in the south-western part of Uganda. Since the lexical similarity between Runyankore and Rukiga is very high, they are normally referred to as Runyakore-Rukiga, that is, as one language and the same is true for Runyoro and Rutooro. My dialect is Rukiga and all my research so far is on Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
===== Allen Asiimwe (2007) Morpho-syntactic Patterns in Runyankore-Rukiga =====<br />
<br />
My Master's degree thesis is of a descriptive nature. The main purpose was to document important grammatical constructions in Runyankore-Rukiga. The introductory chapter describes the nominal and verbal morphology of Runyakore-Rukiga. I then investigate Locative Marking and compare Locative-Inversion across several Bantu languages with Locative Inversion in RR. To the best of my knowledge no one has ever done comprehensive research on locative marking including Runyankore-Rukiga. There is also a chapter on the grammatical functions of the Initial Vowel in Runyakore-Rukiga, an interesting yet neglected area that impacts on almost all parts of grammar of a Bantu language. All the illustrations in Runyankore-Rukiga used in my thesis were glossed using Typecraft.<br />
<br />
Together with Dorothee Beermann, my MPhil(Lin) supervisor, I have continued to investigate locative marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. We are currently looking at the morpho-syntax of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga, focusing mainly on the multi-functional nature of the locative classes.<br />
<br />
I am committed to doing more research on my mother tongue. I would like to see it develop. I am also devoted to working with Typcraft.<br />
<br />
My latest squib on TypeCraft is: [[A_comparative_analysis_of_Runyankore-Rukiga_and_Luganda_pronominal_agreement]]. It is still under construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
The year is 2012 and I AM BACK IN SCHOOL!<br />
Currently, I am enrolled at [http://www.sun.ac.za Stellenbosch University] in South Africa as a full time PhD student in the department of [http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Arts/Departments/african-lang African languages]. In my research, I intend to explore the properties of the preprefix (initial vowel) in relation to definiteness and specificity of an NP in Runyankore-Rukiga. Since the preprefix cannot be totally reduced to a definite article, as '''the''' in English, other morpho-syntactic parameters that are active in marking definiteness and specificity in the language of study will also be examined.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=User:Allen_Asiimwe&diff=10724User:Allen Asiimwe2012-03-01T23:34:08Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Allen.jpg|thumb|200px|left]]<br />
My name is Allen Asiimwe.<br />
I am a Ugandan and I live in Kampala.<br />
I work at Makerere University in the Institute of Languages as an Assistant Lecturer.<br />
I hold a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Postgraduate Diploma in Education both from Makerere University, Kampala Uganda. I also hold a Master of Philosophy (Linguistics) from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.<br />
I am currently teaching (and coordinating) Runyakitara at Makerere University. Runyakitara is the name given to the four closely related languages, namely Runyankore, Rukiga, Runyoro, and Rutooro, spoken in the south-western part of Uganda. Since the lexical similarity between Runyankore and Rukiga is very high, they are normally referred to as Runyakore-Rukiga, that is, as one language and the same is true for Runyoro and Rutooro. My dialect is Rukiga and all my research so far is on Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
===== Allen Asiimwe (2007) Morpho-syntactic Patterns in Runyankore-Rukiga =====<br />
<br />
My Master's degree thesis is of a descriptive nature. The main purpose was to document important grammatical constructions in Runyankore-Rukiga. The introductory chapter describes the nominal and verbal morphology of Runyakore-Rukiga. I then investigate Locative Marking and compare Locative-Inversion across several Bantu languages with Locative Inversion in RR. To the best of my knowledge no one has ever done comprehensive research on locative marking including Runyankore-Rukiga. There is also a chapter on the grammatical functions of the Initial Vowel in Runyakore-Rukiga, an interesting yet neglected area that impacts on almost all parts of grammar of a Bantu language. All the illustrations in Runyankore-Rukiga used in my thesis were glossed using Typecraft.<br />
<br />
Together with Dorothee Beermann, my MPhil(Lin) supervisor, I have continued to investigate locative marking in Runyankore-Rukiga. We are currently looking at the morpho-syntax of locative expressions in Runyankore-Rukiga, focusing mainly on the multi-functional nature of the locative classes.<br />
<br />
I am committed to doing more research on my mother tongue. I would like to see it develop. I am also devoted to working with Typcraft.<br />
<br />
My latest squib on TypeCraft is: [[A_comparative_analysis_of_Runyankore-Rukiga_and_Luganda_pronominal_agreement]]. It is still under construction.<br />
<br />
<br />
The year is 2012 and I AM BACK IN SCHOOL!<br />
Currently, I am enrolled at [http://www.sun.ac.za Stellenbosch University] in South Africa as a full time PhD student in the department of [http://sun025.sun.ac.za/portal/page/portal/Arts/Departments/african-lang African languages]. In my research, I intend to explore the properties of the prefix in relation to definiteness and specificity of an NP in Runyankore-Rukiga. Since the preprefix cannot be totally reduced to a definite article, as '''the''' in English, other morpho-syntactic parameters that are active in marking definiteness and specificity in the language of study will also be examined.</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Annotating_Runyankore-Rukiga&diff=10079Annotating Runyankore-Rukiga2011-10-17T12:52:42Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>Runyankore-Rukiga refers to two of the four closely related languages of Uganda which form part of a new standardized language of Uganda together with Runyoro and Rutooro. Sometimes Runyakitara is used to refer to the standardized form of these four languages; see for example the following still incomplete [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runyakitara_language| wikipedia article ].<br />
<br />
Here we discuss questions related to the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga texts and sentence collections in TypeCraft. The material is annotated by [[User:Allen| Allen Asiimwe]] who is a lecturer at Makerere University. She is a speaker of Rukiga. In addition [[User:Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]] and [[User:Misah Natumanya|Misah Natumanya]] both graduate students at the Linguistic Department at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology [http://www.ntnu.no NTNU] annotate. <br />
==Annotating in TypeCraft==<br />
The following example shows three tiers of a TypeCraft annotation. The TCEditor allows the annotations on 6 tiers, a free translation tier, a morph tier, a baseform tier, a meaning tier, a gloss tier and a part-of-speech tier. When interlinear glosses (IG) are exported from TypeCraft the meaning and the gloss tier are collapsed for presentational reasons. You need to have a login to TypeCraft in order to annotate. Go to *login* in the upper right corner of your browser window to request a login to TypeCraft.<br />
<br />
(1)<Phrase>9467</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
====Annotating the Participle form of the verb====<br />
<br />
The participle form of the verb is indicated by the morpheme '''-riku-'''.<br />
Although this morpheme is complex, it should not be split into -ri- and -ku- in this case, since it <br />
is the combination of these two morphemes that marks the participle as such.<br />
--[[User:Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]] 11:13, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<Phrase>18220</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
'''Hi Justus,''' I have seen your message about annotating and marking the participle in RR, however i have some reservations about -riku- as a marker:<br />
<br />
1. Does it apply to all participles in RR (I.E PRESENT, PERFECT, 'ALREADY', AND 'NOT YET'? OR Is it an exclusive participle marker in RR?<br />
<br />
2. Could it be that "-ku-" is a mere verb infinitive form used in compound structures, because "Another form of the verb often used in compound verbs is the infinitive" and -ri- is a tense marker. as suggested here; http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/morphology.html<br />
<br />
3.Must we combine two morphemes each with its own independent meaning to mark participle, and in any case what kind of participle?<br />
<br />
4. Do we have enough literature in Bantu languages to support this claim, because if it is indeed true, it should at least have some varriants or at least cognates in lanuages like Rutooro and Runyoro, LUGANDA and maybe Ruhaya<br />
--[[User:Misah Natumanya|natumanyam]] 15:27, 13 October 2011 (UTC)--[[User:Misah Natumanya|natumanyam]] 15:27, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Dear Misah''', <br />
<br />
I have copied your interesting comment from Justus' usepage to this page, hoping that more people see it.<br />
--[[User:Dorothee Beermann|Dorothee Beermann]] 16:09, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Dear all''',<br />
<br />
This is an interesting discussion. Yesterday, Justus<br />
sent me a mail about participles. He wanted to check whether there is a <br />
morphological boundary between "-riku-" in the word "arikuhika".<br />
<br />
I decomposed it as a - ri - ku - hik - a (for subject pronoun, linking<br />
verb, infinitive form, root and mood respectively). The linking verb<br />
occurs in the following patterns, as examples:<br />
<br />
(1) tarikuzayo "He/she will not go there". The morphs are ti - a -ri - ku<br />
- z- a -yo (negative, subject pronoun, linking verb, infinitive, root,<br />
mood, enclitic). There is progressive assimilation between ti- and -a-.<br />
(2) Turi omu nju "We are in the house". The morphs are Tu -ri o - mu n-ju<br />
(Subject pronoun, linking verb; preprefix, locative marker; class prefix,<br />
root respectively).<br />
<br />
I am trying to show that the -ri- in "arikuhika" is the same in as the one<br />
in (1) and (2) above. The only exception is that when it is associated<br />
with a verb it is compounded with it. For other words (e.g. nouns and<br />
prepositions), it is written separately as in (2) above.<br />
<br />
Therefore, there is a morphological boundary between -riku- in<br />
"arikuhika". <br />
<br />
Thanks for letting me join the discussion.<br />
<br />
Kind regards,<br />
<br />
Celestino Oriikiriza<br />
<br />
<br />
Dear all,<br />
<br />
I would like to draw attention to Taylor's book where he states on page 167 that '''for the participial present continuous: "the tense/aspect is marked by the infix -riku- replacing the indicative prefix ni-/n-" '''. <br />
<br />
Justus and I have been going back from using Taylor by annotation ''riku'' as one morpheme, and decomposing the morpheme into<br />
''ri'' and ''ku'' as has been suggested above.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Dorothee Beermann|Dorothee Beermann]] 16:01, 16 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''The Participle in Runyankore-Rukiga'''<br />
<br />
Thank you Justus for starting this interesting debate; Misah, Celestino and Dorothee, thank you for your contributions. First I would like to understand whether participle forms mark mood or tense, or both. However, below are my submissions on the topic: <br />
1. ''-riku-'' is a present participle marker as well as the 'not-yet' only in the negative form:<br />
(a) The present participle:<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25958</Phrase><br />
<br />
(b) The 'not yet' participle form<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25961</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
2. In complex sentences, it is carried by the subordinate clause.<br />
(see the illustrations above)<br />
<br />
3. -riku- may not be decomposed further, since ''-ri-'' on its own and ''-ku-'' on alone have different meanings. I would not mark ''-ri-'' in participle verb as a linking 'verb', since the reading of 'linking' is not presented. In addition we should note that we cannot replace for instance ''-ri-'' with another morph and get a meaningful string of morphs, which shows that the two segments are morphologically inseparable(save for some sub-dialects of Runyankore where ''-ri-'' is deleted in speech). How do we analyse this? In this case, why is it that it is only -ri- that is deleted not -riku-?:<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25969</Phrase><br />
<br />
4. In Rukiga, some speakers mark the present pariticiple with ''-ra-''. So, are ''-ra-'' and ''-riku-'' allormorphs or just variants?<br />
examples:<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25964</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>25963</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Does -riku- always mark present participle?'''<br />
<br />
''-riku-'' is also a relative marker in adjectival phrases:<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25967</Phrase><br />
<br />
<Phrase>25966</Phrase><br />
<br />
Over to you!<br />
<br />
--[[User:Allen Asiimwe|Allen Asiimwe]]--<br />
<br />
<br />
Thank you Justus<br />
====The free morphemes ''aha'' and ''omu''====<br />
The free forms ''aha'' and ''omu'' are derived from the locative classes ''ha-'' and ''mu-'' via the affixation of an initial vowel. Both<br />
forms may occur as part of a locative expression, as determiners or as pronouns. In the example below ''aha'' is categorised as a preposition. On of the projects the Runyankore-Rukiga group is working on is to develop a better understanding of the role that both elements play in the grammar of Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
The following two phrases taken from the TC-database represent one of the interesting phenomena that we came across while annotating Runyankore-Rukiga:<br />
(1)<Phrase>2564</Phrase><br />
<br />
In (1) the verb ''kugamba'' meaning ''speak'' carries the applicative suffix -ir. Interestingly it seems to be the applicative marker that forces a spatial interpretation of ''aha'', since (2) below is ambiguous between a 'spatial interpretation' and a 'topic interpretation' of the prepositional phrase headed by ''aha'':<br />
(3)<Phrase>2563</Phrase><br />
<br />
other examples of the use of aha and omu<br />
<Phrase>9557</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9562</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9732</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>10898</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
==== Is there a preposition 'of' in Runyankore-Rukiga?====<br />
<br />
The following sentences taken from the TC database have in common that they contain a phrase that is translated using the English preposition ''of''. The corresponding element in RR is sometimes a free, sometimes a bound morpheme. <br />
<br />
Its forms are: ''we'',''gwe'', ''bw'', ''rwa'', ''ka'', ''za'', ''bwa'', ''ya''. <br />
<br />
Following Taylor (1985) -a is the possessive marker while the variation derives from agreement. Should we call this formative a preposition? <br />
<Phrase>1962</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>2255</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>1950</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>1947</Phrase><br />
<br />
====Diverging noun class systems for Runyankore-Rukiga====<br />
Morris.H.F. and B.F.R. Kirwan(1972) and Taylor, C. (1985) [[Bantu Bibliography| see Bantu Bibliography]] feature two different noun class systems. <br />
{| style="float:left;" border="1" cellpadding="1" <br />
|+'''Table: Noun class systems Runyankore-Rukiga '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|'''noun class'''<br />
|'''Morris & Kirwan'''<br />
|'''Taylor'''<br />
|'''Suggested system'''<br />
|'''English translation'''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|1<br />
|mu-(omuntu)<br />
|Omu (omukazi)<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-ntu<br />
|person<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|ba- (abantu)<br />
|aba (abakazi)<br />
|(a)-'''ba'''-ntu<br />
|people<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|(e)-'''ki'''-ntu<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-ti<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-twe<br />
|head<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|bi-(ebintu)<br />
|emi (emiti)<br />
|(e)-mi-twe<br />
|heads<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|n- (ente)<br />
|eri (eriino)<br />
|(e)-ri-isho/(e)-i-baare<br />
|eye/stone<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|n- (ente)<br />
|ama (amaino)<br />
|(a)-ma-isho/(a)-ma-baare<br />
|eyes/stones<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|ku- (okutu)<br />
|eki (ekitabo)<br />
|(e)-ki-ntu<br />
|thing<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|ma-(amatu)<br />
|ebi (ebitabo)<br />
|(e)-bi-ntu<br />
|things<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|bu- (obuta)<br />
|en (eka)<br />
|e-n-te<br />
|cow<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|ma- (amata)<br />
|ama (amaka)<br />
|(e)-n-te<br />
|cows<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|ri- (eriino)<br />
|oru (orura)<br />
|(o)-ru-hu<br />
|skin<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|ma- (amaino)<br />
|ama (amara)<br />
|(a)-ka-ti<br />
|small stick<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|ru- (orushozi)<br />
|oru (orushozi) orukuuto<br />
|(o)-tu-ti<br />
|small sticks<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|n- (enshozi)<br />
|en (enshozi)/enkuuto<br />
|(o)-bu-ro<br />
|millet<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|ka- (akantu)<br />
|oru (orushaza)<br />
|(o)-ku-guru<br />
|leg<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|bu- (obuntu)<br />
|obu(obushaza)<br />
|(a)-ha-()<br />
|here (definate place)<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|tu- (oturo)<br />
|aka (akagiiko)<br />
|()-ku-nu<br />
|here (wider area than -ha-)<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|ha- (ahantu)<br />
|obu (obugiiko)<br />
|(o)-mu-()<br />
|inside (a place)<br />
|-<br />
|19<br />
|mu-<br />
|aka (akaato)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|20<br />
|ku- <br />
|otu (otwato)<br />
|(o)-gu-bwa<br />
|very big/frigheting dog<br />
|-<br />
|21<br />
|gu- (ogushaija)<br />
|otu (oturo)<br />
|a-ga-bwa<br />
|very big/frigheting dogs<br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Annotating_Runyankore-Rukiga&diff=10078Annotating Runyankore-Rukiga2011-10-17T12:42:31Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>Runyankore-Rukiga refers to two of the four closely related languages of Uganda which form part of a new standardized language of Uganda together with Runyoro and Rutooro. Sometimes Runyakitara is used to refer to the standardized form of these four languages; see for example the following still incomplete [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runyakitara_language| wikipedia article ].<br />
<br />
Here we discuss questions related to the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga texts and sentence collections in TypeCraft. The material is annotated by [[User:Allen| Allen Asiimwe]] who is a lecturer at Makerere University. She is a speaker of Rukiga. In addition [[User:Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]] and [[User:Misah Natumanya|Misah Natumanya]] both graduate students at the Linguistic Department at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology [http://www.ntnu.no NTNU] annotate. <br />
==Annotating in TypeCraft==<br />
The following example shows three tiers of a TypeCraft annotation. The TCEditor allows the annotations on 6 tiers, a free translation tier, a morph tier, a baseform tier, a meaning tier, a gloss tier and a part-of-speech tier. When interlinear glosses (IG) are exported from TypeCraft the meaning and the gloss tier are collapsed for presentational reasons. You need to have a login to TypeCraft in order to annotate. Go to *login* in the upper right corner of your browser window to request a login to TypeCraft.<br />
<br />
(1)<Phrase>9467</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
====Annotating the Participle form of the verb====<br />
<br />
The participle form of the verb is indicated by the morpheme '''-riku-'''.<br />
Although this morpheme is complex, it should not be split into -ri- and -ku- in this case, since it <br />
is the combination of these two morphemes that marks the participle as such.<br />
--[[User:Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]] 11:13, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<Phrase>18220</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
'''Hi Justus,''' I have seen your message about annotating and marking the participle in RR, however i have some reservations about -riku- as a marker:<br />
<br />
1. Does it apply to all participles in RR (I.E PRESENT, PERFECT, 'ALREADY', AND 'NOT YET'? OR Is it an exclusive participle marker in RR?<br />
<br />
2. Could it be that "-ku-" is a mere verb infinitive form used in compound structures, because "Another form of the verb often used in compound verbs is the infinitive" and -ri- is a tense marker. as suggested here; http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/morphology.html<br />
<br />
3.Must we combine two morphemes each with its own independent meaning to mark participle, and in any case what kind of participle?<br />
<br />
4. Do we have enough literature in Bantu languages to support this claim, because if it is indeed true, it should at least have some varriants or at least cognates in lanuages like Rutooro and Runyoro, LUGANDA and maybe Ruhaya<br />
--[[User:Misah Natumanya|natumanyam]] 15:27, 13 October 2011 (UTC)--[[User:Misah Natumanya|natumanyam]] 15:27, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Dear Misah''', <br />
<br />
I have copied your interesting comment from Justus' usepage to this page, hoping that more people see it.<br />
--[[User:Dorothee Beermann|Dorothee Beermann]] 16:09, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Dear all''',<br />
<br />
This is an interesting discussion. Yesterday, Justus<br />
sent me a mail about participles. He wanted to check whether there is a <br />
morphological boundary between "-riku-" in the word "arikuhika".<br />
<br />
I decomposed it as a - ri - ku - hik - a (for subject pronoun, linking<br />
verb, infinitive form, root and mood respectively). The linking verb<br />
occurs in the following patterns, as examples:<br />
<br />
(1) tarikuzayo "He/she will not go there". The morphs are ti - a -ri - ku<br />
- z- a -yo (negative, subject pronoun, linking verb, infinitive, root,<br />
mood, enclitic). There is progressive assimilation between ti- and -a-.<br />
(2) Turi omu nju "We are in the house". The morphs are Tu -ri o - mu n-ju<br />
(Subject pronoun, linking verb; preprefix, locative marker; class prefix,<br />
root respectively).<br />
<br />
I am trying to show that the -ri- in "arikuhika" is the same in as the one<br />
in (1) and (2) above. The only exception is that when it is associated<br />
with a verb it is compounded with it. For other words (e.g. nouns and<br />
prepositions), it is written separately as in (2) above.<br />
<br />
Therefore, there is a morphological boundary between -riku- in<br />
"arikuhika". <br />
<br />
Thanks for letting me join the discussion.<br />
<br />
Kind regards,<br />
<br />
Celestino Oriikiriza<br />
<br />
<br />
Dear all,<br />
<br />
I would like to draw attention to Taylor's book where he states on page 167 that '''for the participial present continuous: "the tense/aspect is marked by the infix -riku- replacing the indicative prefix ni-/n-" '''. <br />
<br />
Justus and I have been going back from using Taylor by annotation ''riku'' as one morpheme, and decomposing the morpheme into<br />
''ri'' and ''ku'' as has been suggested above.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Dorothee Beermann|Dorothee Beermann]] 16:01, 16 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''The Participle in Runyankore-Rukiga'''<br />
<br />
Thank you Justus for starting this interesting debate; Misah, Celestino and Dorothee, thank you for your contributions. First I would like to understand whether participle forms mark mood or tense, or both. However, below are my submissions on the topic: <br />
1. ''-riku-'' is a present participle marker as well as the 'not-yet' only in the negative form:<br />
(a) The present participle:<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25958</Phrase><br />
<br />
(b) The 'not yet' participle form<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25961</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
2. In complex sentences, it is carried by the subordinate clause.<br />
(see the illustrations above)<br />
<br />
3. -riku- may not be decomposed further, since ''-ri-'' on its own and ''-ku-'' on alone have different meanings. I would not mark ''-ri-'' in participle verb as a linking 'verb', since the reading of 'linking' is not presented. In addition we should note that we cannot replace for instance ''-ri-'' with another morph and get a meaningful string of morphs, which shows that the two segments are morphologically inseparable(save for some sub-dialects of Runyankore where ''-ri-'' is deleted in speech).<br />
<br />
4. In Rukiga, some speakers mark the present pariticiple with ''-ra-''. So, are ''-ra-'' and ''-riku-'' allormorphs or just variants?<br />
examples:<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25964</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>25963</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Does -riku- always mark present participle?'''<br />
<br />
''-riku-'' is also a relative marker in adjectival phrases:<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25967</Phrase><br />
<br />
<Phrase>25966</Phrase><br />
<br />
--[[User:Allen Asiimwe|Allen Asiimwe]]--<br />
<br />
<br />
Thank you Justus<br />
====The free morphemes ''aha'' and ''omu''====<br />
The free forms ''aha'' and ''omu'' are derived from the locative classes ''ha-'' and ''mu-'' via the affixation of an initial vowel. Both<br />
forms may occur as part of a locative expression, as determiners or as pronouns. In the example below ''aha'' is categorised as a preposition. On of the projects the Runyankore-Rukiga group is working on is to develop a better understanding of the role that both elements play in the grammar of Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
The following two phrases taken from the TC-database represent one of the interesting phenomena that we came across while annotating Runyankore-Rukiga:<br />
(1)<Phrase>2564</Phrase><br />
<br />
In (1) the verb ''kugamba'' meaning ''speak'' carries the applicative suffix -ir. Interestingly it seems to be the applicative marker that forces a spatial interpretation of ''aha'', since (2) below is ambiguous between a 'spatial interpretation' and a 'topic interpretation' of the prepositional phrase headed by ''aha'':<br />
(3)<Phrase>2563</Phrase><br />
<br />
other examples of the use of aha and omu<br />
<Phrase>9557</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9562</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9732</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>10898</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
==== Is there a preposition 'of' in Runyankore-Rukiga?====<br />
<br />
The following sentences taken from the TC database have in common that they contain a phrase that is translated using the English preposition ''of''. The corresponding element in RR is sometimes a free, sometimes a bound morpheme. <br />
<br />
Its forms are: ''we'',''gwe'', ''bw'', ''rwa'', ''ka'', ''za'', ''bwa'', ''ya''. <br />
<br />
Following Taylor (1985) -a is the possessive marker while the variation derives from agreement. Should we call this formative a preposition? <br />
<Phrase>1962</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>2255</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>1950</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>1947</Phrase><br />
<br />
====Diverging noun class systems for Runyankore-Rukiga====<br />
Morris.H.F. and B.F.R. Kirwan(1972) and Taylor, C. (1985) [[Bantu Bibliography| see Bantu Bibliography]] feature two different noun class systems. <br />
{| style="float:left;" border="1" cellpadding="1" <br />
|+'''Table: Noun class systems Runyankore-Rukiga '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|'''noun class'''<br />
|'''Morris & Kirwan'''<br />
|'''Taylor'''<br />
|'''Suggested system'''<br />
|'''English translation'''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|1<br />
|mu-(omuntu)<br />
|Omu (omukazi)<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-ntu<br />
|person<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|ba- (abantu)<br />
|aba (abakazi)<br />
|(a)-'''ba'''-ntu<br />
|people<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|(e)-'''ki'''-ntu<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-ti<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-twe<br />
|head<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|bi-(ebintu)<br />
|emi (emiti)<br />
|(e)-mi-twe<br />
|heads<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|n- (ente)<br />
|eri (eriino)<br />
|(e)-ri-isho/(e)-i-baare<br />
|eye/stone<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|n- (ente)<br />
|ama (amaino)<br />
|(a)-ma-isho/(a)-ma-baare<br />
|eyes/stones<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|ku- (okutu)<br />
|eki (ekitabo)<br />
|(e)-ki-ntu<br />
|thing<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|ma-(amatu)<br />
|ebi (ebitabo)<br />
|(e)-bi-ntu<br />
|things<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|bu- (obuta)<br />
|en (eka)<br />
|e-n-te<br />
|cow<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|ma- (amata)<br />
|ama (amaka)<br />
|(e)-n-te<br />
|cows<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|ri- (eriino)<br />
|oru (orura)<br />
|(o)-ru-hu<br />
|skin<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|ma- (amaino)<br />
|ama (amara)<br />
|(a)-ka-ti<br />
|small stick<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|ru- (orushozi)<br />
|oru (orushozi) orukuuto<br />
|(o)-tu-ti<br />
|small sticks<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|n- (enshozi)<br />
|en (enshozi)/enkuuto<br />
|(o)-bu-ro<br />
|millet<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|ka- (akantu)<br />
|oru (orushaza)<br />
|(o)-ku-guru<br />
|leg<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|bu- (obuntu)<br />
|obu(obushaza)<br />
|(a)-ha-()<br />
|here (definate place)<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|tu- (oturo)<br />
|aka (akagiiko)<br />
|()-ku-nu<br />
|here (wider area than -ha-)<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|ha- (ahantu)<br />
|obu (obugiiko)<br />
|(o)-mu-()<br />
|inside (a place)<br />
|-<br />
|19<br />
|mu-<br />
|aka (akaato)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|20<br />
|ku- <br />
|otu (otwato)<br />
|(o)-gu-bwa<br />
|very big/frigheting dog<br />
|-<br />
|21<br />
|gu- (ogushaija)<br />
|otu (oturo)<br />
|a-ga-bwa<br />
|very big/frigheting dogs<br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Annotating_Runyankore-Rukiga&diff=10075Annotating Runyankore-Rukiga2011-10-17T12:31:02Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>Runyankore-Rukiga refers to two of the four closely related languages of Uganda which form part of a new standardized language of Uganda together with Runyoro and Rutooro. Sometimes Runyakitara is used to refer to the standardized form of these four languages; see for example the following still incomplete [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runyakitara_language| wikipedia article ].<br />
<br />
Here we discuss questions related to the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga texts and sentence collections in TypeCraft. The material is annotated by [[User:Allen| Allen Asiimwe]] who is a lecturer at Makerere University. She is a speaker of Rukiga. In addition [[User:Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]] and [[User:Misah Natumanya|Misah Natumanya]] both graduate students at the Linguistic Department at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology [http://www.ntnu.no NTNU] annotate. <br />
==Annotating in TypeCraft==<br />
The following example shows three tiers of a TypeCraft annotation. The TCEditor allows the annotations on 6 tiers, a free translation tier, a morph tier, a baseform tier, a meaning tier, a gloss tier and a part-of-speech tier. When interlinear glosses (IG) are exported from TypeCraft the meaning and the gloss tier are collapsed for presentational reasons. You need to have a login to TypeCraft in order to annotate. Go to *login* in the upper right corner of your browser window to request a login to TypeCraft.<br />
<br />
(1)<Phrase>9467</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
====Annotating the Participle form of the verb====<br />
<br />
The participle form of the verb is indicated by the morpheme '''-riku-'''.<br />
Although this morpheme is complex, it should not be split into -ri- and -ku- in this case, since it <br />
is the combination of these two morphemes that marks the participle as such.<br />
--[[User:Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]] 11:13, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<Phrase>18220</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
'''Hi Justus,''' I have seen your message about annotating and marking the participle in RR, however i have some reservations about -riku- as a marker:<br />
<br />
1. Does it apply to all participles in RR (I.E PRESENT, PERFECT, 'ALREADY', AND 'NOT YET'? OR Is it an exclusive participle marker in RR?<br />
<br />
2. Could it be that "-ku-" is a mere verb infinitive form used in compound structures, because "Another form of the verb often used in compound verbs is the infinitive" and -ri- is a tense marker. as suggested here; http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/morphology.html<br />
<br />
3.Must we combine two morphemes each with its own independent meaning to mark participle, and in any case what kind of participle?<br />
<br />
4. Do we have enough literature in Bantu languages to support this claim, because if it is indeed true, it should at least have some varriants or at least cognates in lanuages like Rutooro and Runyoro, LUGANDA and maybe Ruhaya<br />
--[[User:Misah Natumanya|natumanyam]] 15:27, 13 October 2011 (UTC)--[[User:Misah Natumanya|natumanyam]] 15:27, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Dear Misah''', <br />
<br />
I have copied your interesting comment from Justus' usepage to this page, hoping that more people see it.<br />
--[[User:Dorothee Beermann|Dorothee Beermann]] 16:09, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Dear all''',<br />
<br />
This is an interesting discussion. Yesterday, Justus<br />
sent me a mail about participles. He wanted to check whether there is a <br />
morphological boundary between "-riku-" in the word "arikuhika".<br />
<br />
I decomposed it as a - ri - ku - hik - a (for subject pronoun, linking<br />
verb, infinitive form, root and mood respectively). The linking verb<br />
occurs in the following patterns, as examples:<br />
<br />
(1) tarikuzayo "He/she will not go there". The morphs are ti - a -ri - ku<br />
- z- a -yo (negative, subject pronoun, linking verb, infinitive, root,<br />
mood, enclitic). There is progressive assimilation between ti- and -a-.<br />
(2) Turi omu nju "We are in the house". The morphs are Tu -ri o - mu n-ju<br />
(Subject pronoun, linking verb; preprefix, locative marker; class prefix,<br />
root respectively).<br />
<br />
I am trying to show that the -ri- in "arikuhika" is the same in as the one<br />
in (1) and (2) above. The only exception is that when it is associated<br />
with a verb it is compounded with it. For other words (e.g. nouns and<br />
prepositions), it is written separately as in (2) above.<br />
<br />
Therefore, there is a morphological boundary between -riku- in<br />
"arikuhika". <br />
<br />
Thanks for letting me join the discussion.<br />
<br />
Kind regards,<br />
<br />
Celestino Oriikiriza<br />
<br />
<br />
Dear all,<br />
<br />
I would like to draw attention to Taylor's book where he states on page 167 that '''for the participial present continuous: "the tense/aspect is marked by the infix -riku- replacing the indicative prefix ni-/n-" '''. <br />
<br />
Justus and I have been going back from using Taylor by annotation ''riku'' as one morpheme, and decomposing the morpheme into<br />
''ri'' and ''ku'' as has been suggested above.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Dorothee Beermann|Dorothee Beermann]] 16:01, 16 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''The Participle in Runyankore-Rukiga'''<br />
<br />
Thank you Justus for starting this interesting debate; Misah, Celestino and Dorothee, thak you for your contributions. First I would like to understand whether participle forms mark mood or tense or both. However, are my submissions on the topic: <br />
1. ''-riku-'' is a present participle marker as well as the 'not-yet' only in the negative form:<br />
(a) The present participle:<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25958</Phrase><br />
<br />
(b) The 'not yet' participle form<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25961</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
2. In complex sentences, it is carried by the subordinate clause.<br />
(see the illustrations above)<br />
<br />
3. -riku- may not be decomposed further, since ''-ri-'' on its own and ''-ku-'' on alone have different meanings. I would not mark ''-ri-'' in participle verb as a linking 'verb', since the reading of 'linking' is not presented. In addition we should note that we cannot replace for instance ''-ri-'' with another morph and get a meaningful string of morphs, which shows that the two segments are morphologically inseparable(save for some sub-dialects of Runyankore where ''-ri-'' is deleted in speech).<br />
<br />
4. In Rukiga, some speakers mark the present pariticiple with ''-ra-''. So, are ''-ra-'' and ''-riku-'' allormorphs or just variants?<br />
examples:<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25964</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>25963</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Does -riku- always mark present participle?'''<br />
<br />
''-riku-'' is also a relative marker in adjectival phrases:<br />
(I will link phrases to illustrate my points later, at the moment I am not able)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Allen Asiimwe|Allen Asiimwe]]--<br />
<br />
<br />
Thank you Justus<br />
====The free morphemes ''aha'' and ''omu''====<br />
The free forms ''aha'' and ''omu'' are derived from the locative classes ''ha-'' and ''mu-'' via the affixation of an initial vowel. Both<br />
forms may occur as part of a locative expression, as determiners or as pronouns. In the example below ''aha'' is categorised as a preposition. On of the projects the Runyankore-Rukiga group is working on is to develop a better understanding of the role that both elements play in the grammar of Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
The following two phrases taken from the TC-database represent one of the interesting phenomena that we came across while annotating Runyankore-Rukiga:<br />
(1)<Phrase>2564</Phrase><br />
<br />
In (1) the verb ''kugamba'' meaning ''speak'' carries the applicative suffix -ir. Interestingly it seems to be the applicative marker that forces a spatial interpretation of ''aha'', since (2) below is ambiguous between a 'spatial interpretation' and a 'topic interpretation' of the prepositional phrase headed by ''aha'':<br />
(3)<Phrase>2563</Phrase><br />
<br />
other examples of the use of aha and omu<br />
<Phrase>9557</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9562</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9732</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>10898</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
==== Is there a preposition 'of' in Runyankore-Rukiga?====<br />
<br />
The following sentences taken from the TC database have in common that they contain a phrase that is translated using the English preposition ''of''. The corresponding element in RR is sometimes a free, sometimes a bound morpheme. <br />
<br />
Its forms are: ''we'',''gwe'', ''bw'', ''rwa'', ''ka'', ''za'', ''bwa'', ''ya''. <br />
<br />
Following Taylor (1985) -a is the possessive marker while the variation derives from agreement. Should we call this formative a preposition? <br />
<Phrase>1962</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>2255</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>1950</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>1947</Phrase><br />
<br />
====Diverging noun class systems for Runyankore-Rukiga====<br />
Morris.H.F. and B.F.R. Kirwan(1972) and Taylor, C. (1985) [[Bantu Bibliography| see Bantu Bibliography]] feature two different noun class systems. <br />
{| style="float:left;" border="1" cellpadding="1" <br />
|+'''Table: Noun class systems Runyankore-Rukiga '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|'''noun class'''<br />
|'''Morris & Kirwan'''<br />
|'''Taylor'''<br />
|'''Suggested system'''<br />
|'''English translation'''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|1<br />
|mu-(omuntu)<br />
|Omu (omukazi)<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-ntu<br />
|person<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|ba- (abantu)<br />
|aba (abakazi)<br />
|(a)-'''ba'''-ntu<br />
|people<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|(e)-'''ki'''-ntu<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-ti<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-twe<br />
|head<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|bi-(ebintu)<br />
|emi (emiti)<br />
|(e)-mi-twe<br />
|heads<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|n- (ente)<br />
|eri (eriino)<br />
|(e)-ri-isho/(e)-i-baare<br />
|eye/stone<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|n- (ente)<br />
|ama (amaino)<br />
|(a)-ma-isho/(a)-ma-baare<br />
|eyes/stones<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|ku- (okutu)<br />
|eki (ekitabo)<br />
|(e)-ki-ntu<br />
|thing<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|ma-(amatu)<br />
|ebi (ebitabo)<br />
|(e)-bi-ntu<br />
|things<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|bu- (obuta)<br />
|en (eka)<br />
|e-n-te<br />
|cow<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|ma- (amata)<br />
|ama (amaka)<br />
|(e)-n-te<br />
|cows<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|ri- (eriino)<br />
|oru (orura)<br />
|(o)-ru-hu<br />
|skin<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|ma- (amaino)<br />
|ama (amara)<br />
|(a)-ka-ti<br />
|small stick<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|ru- (orushozi)<br />
|oru (orushozi) orukuuto<br />
|(o)-tu-ti<br />
|small sticks<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|n- (enshozi)<br />
|en (enshozi)/enkuuto<br />
|(o)-bu-ro<br />
|millet<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|ka- (akantu)<br />
|oru (orushaza)<br />
|(o)-ku-guru<br />
|leg<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|bu- (obuntu)<br />
|obu(obushaza)<br />
|(a)-ha-()<br />
|here (definate place)<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|tu- (oturo)<br />
|aka (akagiiko)<br />
|()-ku-nu<br />
|here (wider area than -ha-)<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|ha- (ahantu)<br />
|obu (obugiiko)<br />
|(o)-mu-()<br />
|inside (a place)<br />
|-<br />
|19<br />
|mu-<br />
|aka (akaato)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|20<br />
|ku- <br />
|otu (otwato)<br />
|(o)-gu-bwa<br />
|very big/frigheting dog<br />
|-<br />
|21<br />
|gu- (ogushaija)<br />
|otu (oturo)<br />
|a-ga-bwa<br />
|very big/frigheting dogs<br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Annotating_Runyankore-Rukiga&diff=10073Annotating Runyankore-Rukiga2011-10-17T12:17:54Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>Runyankore-Rukiga refers to two of the four closely related languages of Uganda which form part of a new standardized language of Uganda together with Runyoro and Rutooro. Sometimes Runyakitara is used to refer to the standardized form of these four languages; see for example the following still incomplete [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runyakitara_language| wikipedia article ].<br />
<br />
Here we discuss questions related to the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga texts and sentence collections in TypeCraft. The material is annotated by [[User:Allen| Allen Asiimwe]] who is a lecturer at Makerere University. She is a speaker of Rukiga. In addition [[User:Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]] and [[User:Misah Natumanya|Misah Natumanya]] both graduate students at the Linguistic Department at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology [http://www.ntnu.no NTNU] annotate. <br />
==Annotating in TypeCraft==<br />
The following example shows three tiers of a TypeCraft annotation. The TCEditor allows the annotations on 6 tiers, a free translation tier, a morph tier, a baseform tier, a meaning tier, a gloss tier and a part-of-speech tier. When interlinear glosses (IG) are exported from TypeCraft the meaning and the gloss tier are collapsed for presentational reasons. You need to have a login to TypeCraft in order to annotate. Go to *login* in the upper right corner of your browser window to request a login to TypeCraft.<br />
<br />
(1)<Phrase>9467</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
====Annotating the Participle form of the verb====<br />
<br />
The participle form of the verb is indicated by the morpheme '''-riku-'''.<br />
Although this morpheme is complex, it should not be split into -ri- and -ku- in this case, since it <br />
is the combination of these two morphemes that marks the participle as such.<br />
--[[User:Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]] 11:13, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<Phrase>18220</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
'''Hi Justus,''' I have seen your message about annotating and marking the participle in RR, however i have some reservations about -riku- as a marker:<br />
<br />
1. Does it apply to all participles in RR (I.E PRESENT, PERFECT, 'ALREADY', AND 'NOT YET'? OR Is it an exclusive participle marker in RR?<br />
<br />
2. Could it be that "-ku-" is a mere verb infinitive form used in compound structures, because "Another form of the verb often used in compound verbs is the infinitive" and -ri- is a tense marker. as suggested here; http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/morphology.html<br />
<br />
3.Must we combine two morphemes each with its own independent meaning to mark participle, and in any case what kind of participle?<br />
<br />
4. Do we have enough literature in Bantu languages to support this claim, because if it is indeed true, it should at least have some varriants or at least cognates in lanuages like Rutooro and Runyoro, LUGANDA and maybe Ruhaya<br />
--[[User:Misah Natumanya|natumanyam]] 15:27, 13 October 2011 (UTC)--[[User:Misah Natumanya|natumanyam]] 15:27, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Dear Misah''', <br />
<br />
I have copied your interesting comment from Justus' usepage to this page, hoping that more people see it.<br />
--[[User:Dorothee Beermann|Dorothee Beermann]] 16:09, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Dear all''',<br />
<br />
This is an interesting discussion. Yesterday, Justus<br />
sent me a mail about participles. He wanted to check whether there is a <br />
morphological boundary between "-riku-" in the word "arikuhika".<br />
<br />
I decomposed it as a - ri - ku - hik - a (for subject pronoun, linking<br />
verb, infinitive form, root and mood respectively). The linking verb<br />
occurs in the following patterns, as examples:<br />
<br />
(1) tarikuzayo "He/she will not go there". The morphs are ti - a -ri - ku<br />
- z- a -yo (negative, subject pronoun, linking verb, infinitive, root,<br />
mood, enclitic). There is progressive assimilation between ti- and -a-.<br />
(2) Turi omu nju "We are in the house". The morphs are Tu -ri o - mu n-ju<br />
(Subject pronoun, linking verb; preprefix, locative marker; class prefix,<br />
root respectively).<br />
<br />
I am trying to show that the -ri- in "arikuhika" is the same in as the one<br />
in (1) and (2) above. The only exception is that when it is associated<br />
with a verb it is compounded with it. For other words (e.g. nouns and<br />
prepositions), it is written separately as in (2) above.<br />
<br />
Therefore, there is a morphological boundary between -riku- in<br />
"arikuhika". <br />
<br />
Thanks for letting me join the discussion.<br />
<br />
Kind regards,<br />
<br />
Celestino Oriikiriza<br />
<br />
<br />
Dear all,<br />
<br />
I would like to draw attention to Taylor's book where he states on page 167 that '''for the participial present continuous: "the tense/aspect is marked by the infix -riku- replacing the indicative prefix ni-/n-" '''. <br />
<br />
Justus and I have been going back from using Taylor by annotation ''riku'' as one morpheme, and decomposing the morpheme into<br />
''ri'' and ''ku'' as has been suggested above.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Dorothee Beermann|Dorothee Beermann]] 16:01, 16 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''The Participle in Runyankore-Rukiga'''<br />
<br />
Thank you Justus for starting this interesting debate; Misah, Celestino and Dorothee, thak you for your contributions. First I would like to understand whether participle forms mark mood or tense or both. However, are my submissions on the topic: <br />
1. -riku- is a present participle marker as well as the 'not-yet' only in the negative form:<br />
(a) The present participle:<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25958</Phrase><br />
<br />
(b) The 'not yet' participle form<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25961>/Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
2. In complex sentences, it is carried by the subordinate clause.<br />
(see the illustrations above)<br />
<br />
3. -riku- may not be decomposed further, since -ri- on its own and -ku- on alone have different meanings. I would not mark -ri- in participle verb as a linking 'verb', since the reading of 'linking' is not presented. In addition we should note that we cannot replace for instance -ri- with another morph and get a meaningful string of morphs, which shows that the two segments are morphologically inseparable(save for some sub-dialects of Runyankore where -ri- is deleted in speech).<br />
<br />
4. In Rukiga, some speakers mark the present pariticiple with -ra-. So, are -ra- and -riku- allormorphs or just variants?<br />
examples:<br />
<br />
<Phrase>25964</Phrase<br />
<Phrase>25963</Phrase<br />
<br />
<br />
Question:<br />
Does -riku- always mark present participle?<br />
<br />
-riku- is also a relative marker in adjectival phrases:<br />
(I will link phrases to illustrate my points later, at the moment I am not able)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Allen Asiimwe|Allen Asiimwe]]--<br />
<br />
<br />
Thank you Justus<br />
====The free morphemes ''aha'' and ''omu''====<br />
The free forms ''aha'' and ''omu'' are derived from the locative classes ''ha-'' and ''mu-'' via the affixation of an initial vowel. Both<br />
forms may occur as part of a locative expression, as determiners or as pronouns. In the example below ''aha'' is categorised as a preposition. On of the projects the Runyankore-Rukiga group is working on is to develop a better understanding of the role that both elements play in the grammar of Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
The following two phrases taken from the TC-database represent one of the interesting phenomena that we came across while annotating Runyankore-Rukiga:<br />
(1)<Phrase>2564</Phrase><br />
<br />
In (1) the verb ''kugamba'' meaning ''speak'' carries the applicative suffix -ir. Interestingly it seems to be the applicative marker that forces a spatial interpretation of ''aha'', since (2) below is ambiguous between a 'spatial interpretation' and a 'topic interpretation' of the prepositional phrase headed by ''aha'':<br />
(3)<Phrase>2563</Phrase><br />
<br />
other examples of the use of aha and omu<br />
<Phrase>9557</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9562</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9732</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>10898</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
==== Is there a preposition 'of' in Runyankore-Rukiga?====<br />
<br />
The following sentences taken from the TC database have in common that they contain a phrase that is translated using the English preposition ''of''. The corresponding element in RR is sometimes a free, sometimes a bound morpheme. <br />
<br />
Its forms are: ''we'',''gwe'', ''bw'', ''rwa'', ''ka'', ''za'', ''bwa'', ''ya''. <br />
<br />
Following Taylor (1985) -a is the possessive marker while the variation derives from agreement. Should we call this formative a preposition? <br />
<Phrase>1962</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>2255</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>1950</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>1947</Phrase><br />
<br />
====Diverging noun class systems for Runyankore-Rukiga====<br />
Morris.H.F. and B.F.R. Kirwan(1972) and Taylor, C. (1985) [[Bantu Bibliography| see Bantu Bibliography]] feature two different noun class systems. <br />
{| style="float:left;" border="1" cellpadding="1" <br />
|+'''Table: Noun class systems Runyankore-Rukiga '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|'''noun class'''<br />
|'''Morris & Kirwan'''<br />
|'''Taylor'''<br />
|'''Suggested system'''<br />
|'''English translation'''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|1<br />
|mu-(omuntu)<br />
|Omu (omukazi)<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-ntu<br />
|person<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|ba- (abantu)<br />
|aba (abakazi)<br />
|(a)-'''ba'''-ntu<br />
|people<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|(e)-'''ki'''-ntu<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-ti<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-twe<br />
|head<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|bi-(ebintu)<br />
|emi (emiti)<br />
|(e)-mi-twe<br />
|heads<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|n- (ente)<br />
|eri (eriino)<br />
|(e)-ri-isho/(e)-i-baare<br />
|eye/stone<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|n- (ente)<br />
|ama (amaino)<br />
|(a)-ma-isho/(a)-ma-baare<br />
|eyes/stones<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|ku- (okutu)<br />
|eki (ekitabo)<br />
|(e)-ki-ntu<br />
|thing<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|ma-(amatu)<br />
|ebi (ebitabo)<br />
|(e)-bi-ntu<br />
|things<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|bu- (obuta)<br />
|en (eka)<br />
|e-n-te<br />
|cow<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|ma- (amata)<br />
|ama (amaka)<br />
|(e)-n-te<br />
|cows<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|ri- (eriino)<br />
|oru (orura)<br />
|(o)-ru-hu<br />
|skin<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|ma- (amaino)<br />
|ama (amara)<br />
|(a)-ka-ti<br />
|small stick<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|ru- (orushozi)<br />
|oru (orushozi) orukuuto<br />
|(o)-tu-ti<br />
|small sticks<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|n- (enshozi)<br />
|en (enshozi)/enkuuto<br />
|(o)-bu-ro<br />
|millet<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|ka- (akantu)<br />
|oru (orushaza)<br />
|(o)-ku-guru<br />
|leg<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|bu- (obuntu)<br />
|obu(obushaza)<br />
|(a)-ha-()<br />
|here (definate place)<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|tu- (oturo)<br />
|aka (akagiiko)<br />
|()-ku-nu<br />
|here (wider area than -ha-)<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|ha- (ahantu)<br />
|obu (obugiiko)<br />
|(o)-mu-()<br />
|inside (a place)<br />
|-<br />
|19<br />
|mu-<br />
|aka (akaato)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|20<br />
|ku- <br />
|otu (otwato)<br />
|(o)-gu-bwa<br />
|very big/frigheting dog<br />
|-<br />
|21<br />
|gu- (ogushaija)<br />
|otu (oturo)<br />
|a-ga-bwa<br />
|very big/frigheting dogs<br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Annotating_Runyankore-Rukiga&diff=10070Annotating Runyankore-Rukiga2011-10-17T10:06:13Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>Runyankore-Rukiga refers to two of the four closely related languages of Uganda which form part of a new standardized language of Uganda together with Runyoro and Rutooro. Sometimes Runyakitara is used to refer to the standardized form of these four languages; see for example the following still incomplete [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runyakitara_language| wikipedia article ].<br />
<br />
Here we discuss questions related to the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga texts and sentence collections in TypeCraft. The material is annotated by [[User:Allen| Allen Asiimwe]] who is a lecturer at Makerere University. She is a speaker of Rukiga. In addition [[User:Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]] and [[User:Misah Natumanya|Misah Natumanya]] both graduate students at the Linguistic Department at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology [http://www.ntnu.no NTNU] annotate. <br />
==Annotating in TypeCraft==<br />
The following example shows three tiers of a TypeCraft annotation. The TCEditor allows the annotations on 6 tiers, a free translation tier, a morph tier, a baseform tier, a meaning tier, a gloss tier and a part-of-speech tier. When interlinear glosses (IG) are exported from TypeCraft the meaning and the gloss tier are collapsed for presentational reasons. You need to have a login to TypeCraft in order to annotate. Go to *login* in the upper right corner of your browser window to request a login to TypeCraft.<br />
<br />
(1)<Phrase>9467</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
====Annotating the Participle form of the verb====<br />
<br />
The participle form of the verb is indicated by the morpheme '''-riku-'''.<br />
Although this morpheme is complex, it should not be split into -ri- and -ku- in this case, since it <br />
is the combination of these two morphemes that marks the participle as such.<br />
--[[User:Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]] 11:13, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<Phrase>18220</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
'''Hi Justus,''' I have seen your message about annotating and marking the participle in RR, however i have some reservations about -riku- as a marker:<br />
<br />
1. Does it apply to all participles in RR (I.E PRESENT, PERFECT, 'ALREADY', AND 'NOT YET'? OR Is it an exclusive participle marker in RR?<br />
<br />
2. Could it be that "-ku-" is a mere verb infinitive form used in compound structures, because "Another form of the verb often used in compound verbs is the infinitive" and -ri- is a tense marker. as suggested here; http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/morphology.html<br />
<br />
3.Must we combine two morphemes each with its own independent meaning to mark participle, and in any case what kind of participle?<br />
<br />
4. Do we have enough literature in Bantu languages to support this claim, because if it is indeed true, it should at least have some varriants or at least cognates in lanuages like Rutooro and Runyoro, LUGANDA and maybe Ruhaya<br />
--[[User:Misah Natumanya|natumanyam]] 15:27, 13 October 2011 (UTC)--[[User:Misah Natumanya|natumanyam]] 15:27, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Dear Misah''', <br />
<br />
I have copied your interesting comment from Justus' usepage to this page, hoping that more people see it.<br />
--[[User:Dorothee Beermann|Dorothee Beermann]] 16:09, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Dear all''',<br />
<br />
This is an interesting discussion. Yesterday, Justus<br />
sent me a mail about participles. He wanted to check whether there is a <br />
morphological boundary between "-riku-" in the word "arikuhika".<br />
<br />
I decomposed it as a - ri - ku - hik - a (for subject pronoun, linking<br />
verb, infinitive form, root and mood respectively). The linking verb<br />
occurs in the following patterns, as examples:<br />
<br />
(1) tarikuzayo "He/she will not go there". The morphs are ti - a -ri - ku<br />
- z- a -yo (negative, subject pronoun, linking verb, infinitive, root,<br />
mood, enclitic). There is progressive assimilation between ti- and -a-.<br />
(2) Turi omu nju "We are in the house". The morphs are Tu -ri o - mu n-ju<br />
(Subject pronoun, linking verb; preprefix, locative marker; class prefix,<br />
root respectively).<br />
<br />
I am trying to show that the -ri- in "arikuhika" is the same in as the one<br />
in (1) and (2) above. The only exception is that when it is associated<br />
with a verb it is compounded with it. For other words (e.g. nouns and<br />
prepositions), it is written separately as in (2) above.<br />
<br />
Therefore, there is a morphological boundary between -riku- in<br />
"arikuhika". <br />
<br />
Thanks for letting me join the discussion.<br />
<br />
Kind regards,<br />
<br />
Celestino Oriikiriza<br />
<br />
<br />
Dear all,<br />
<br />
I would like to draw attention to Taylor's book where he states on page 167 that '''for the participial present continuous: "the tense/aspect is marked by the infix -riku- replacing the indicative prefix ni-/n-" '''. <br />
<br />
Justus and I have been going back from using Taylor by annotation ''riku'' as one morpheme, and decomposing the morpheme into<br />
''ri'' and ''ku'' as has been suggested above.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Dorothee Beermann|Dorothee Beermann]] 16:01, 16 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''The Participle in Runyankore-Rukiga'''<br />
<br />
Thank you Justus for starting this interesting debate; Misah, Celestino and Dorothee, thak you for your contributions. First I would like to understand whether participle forms mark mood or tense or both. However, are my submissions on the topic: <br />
1. -riku- is a present participle marker as well as the 'not-yet' only in the negative form:<br />
<br />
2. In complex sentences, it is carried by the subordinate clause.<br />
<br />
3. -riku- may not be decomposed further, since -ri- on its own and -ku- on alone have different meanings. I would not mark -ri- in participle verb as a linking 'verb', since the reading of 'linking' is not presented. In addition we should note that we cannot replace for instance -ri- with another morph and get a meaningful string of morphs, which shows that the two segments are morphologically inseparable(save for some sub-dialects of Runyankore where -ri- is deleted in speech).<br />
<br />
4. In Rukiga, some speakers mark the present pariticiple with -ra-<br />
<br />
Question:<br />
Does -riku- always mark present participle?<br />
<br />
-riku- is also a relative marker in adjectival phrases:<br />
(I will link phrases to illustrate my points later, at the moment I am not able)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Allen Asiimwe|Allen Asiimwe]]--<br />
<br />
<br />
Thank you Justus<br />
====The free morphemes ''aha'' and ''omu''====<br />
The free forms ''aha'' and ''omu'' are derived from the locative classes ''ha-'' and ''mu-'' via the affixation of an initial vowel. Both<br />
forms may occur as part of a locative expression, as determiners or as pronouns. In the example below ''aha'' is categorised as a preposition. On of the projects the Runyankore-Rukiga group is working on is to develop a better understanding of the role that both elements play in the grammar of Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
The following two phrases taken from the TC-database represent one of the interesting phenomena that we came across while annotating Runyankore-Rukiga:<br />
(1)<Phrase>2564</Phrase><br />
<br />
In (1) the verb ''kugamba'' meaning ''speak'' carries the applicative suffix -ir. Interestingly it seems to be the applicative marker that forces a spatial interpretation of ''aha'', since (2) below is ambiguous between a 'spatial interpretation' and a 'topic interpretation' of the prepositional phrase headed by ''aha'':<br />
(3)<Phrase>2563</Phrase><br />
<br />
other examples of the use of aha and omu<br />
<Phrase>9557</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9562</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9732</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>10898</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
==== Is there a preposition 'of' in Runyankore-Rukiga?====<br />
<br />
The following sentences taken from the TC database have in common that they contain a phrase that is translated using the English preposition ''of''. The corresponding element in RR is sometimes a free, sometimes a bound morpheme. <br />
<br />
Its forms are: ''we'',''gwe'', ''bw'', ''rwa'', ''ka'', ''za'', ''bwa'', ''ya''. <br />
<br />
Following Taylor (1985) -a is the possessive marker while the variation derives from agreement. Should we call this formative a preposition? <br />
<Phrase>1962</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>2255</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>1950</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>1947</Phrase><br />
<br />
====Diverging noun class systems for Runyankore-Rukiga====<br />
Morris.H.F. and B.F.R. Kirwan(1972) and Taylor, C. (1985) [[Bantu Bibliography| see Bantu Bibliography]] feature two different noun class systems. <br />
{| style="float:left;" border="1" cellpadding="1" <br />
|+'''Table: Noun class systems Runyankore-Rukiga '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|'''noun class'''<br />
|'''Morris & Kirwan'''<br />
|'''Taylor'''<br />
|'''Suggested system'''<br />
|'''English translation'''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|1<br />
|mu-(omuntu)<br />
|Omu (omukazi)<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-ntu<br />
|person<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|ba- (abantu)<br />
|aba (abakazi)<br />
|(a)-'''ba'''-ntu<br />
|people<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|(e)-'''ki'''-ntu<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-ti<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-twe<br />
|head<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|bi-(ebintu)<br />
|emi (emiti)<br />
|(e)-mi-twe<br />
|heads<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|n- (ente)<br />
|eri (eriino)<br />
|(e)-ri-isho/(e)-i-baare<br />
|eye/stone<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|n- (ente)<br />
|ama (amaino)<br />
|(a)-ma-isho/(a)-ma-baare<br />
|eyes/stones<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|ku- (okutu)<br />
|eki (ekitabo)<br />
|(e)-ki-ntu<br />
|thing<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|ma-(amatu)<br />
|ebi (ebitabo)<br />
|(e)-bi-ntu<br />
|things<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|bu- (obuta)<br />
|en (eka)<br />
|e-n-te<br />
|cow<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|ma- (amata)<br />
|ama (amaka)<br />
|(e)-n-te<br />
|cows<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|ri- (eriino)<br />
|oru (orura)<br />
|(o)-ru-hu<br />
|skin<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|ma- (amaino)<br />
|ama (amara)<br />
|(a)-ka-ti<br />
|small stick<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|ru- (orushozi)<br />
|oru (orushozi) orukuuto<br />
|(o)-tu-ti<br />
|small sticks<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|n- (enshozi)<br />
|en (enshozi)/enkuuto<br />
|(o)-bu-ro<br />
|millet<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|ka- (akantu)<br />
|oru (orushaza)<br />
|(o)-ku-guru<br />
|leg<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|bu- (obuntu)<br />
|obu(obushaza)<br />
|(a)-ha-()<br />
|here (definate place)<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|tu- (oturo)<br />
|aka (akagiiko)<br />
|()-ku-nu<br />
|here (wider area than -ha-)<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|ha- (ahantu)<br />
|obu (obugiiko)<br />
|(o)-mu-()<br />
|inside (a place)<br />
|-<br />
|19<br />
|mu-<br />
|aka (akaato)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|20<br />
|ku- <br />
|otu (otwato)<br />
|(o)-gu-bwa<br />
|very big/frigheting dog<br />
|-<br />
|21<br />
|gu- (ogushaija)<br />
|otu (oturo)<br />
|a-ga-bwa<br />
|very big/frigheting dogs<br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Annotating_Runyankore-Rukiga&diff=10069Annotating Runyankore-Rukiga2011-10-17T10:03:47Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>Runyankore-Rukiga refers to two of the four closely related languages of Uganda which form part of a new standardized language of Uganda together with Runyoro and Rutooro. Sometimes Runyakitara is used to refer to the standardized form of these four languages; see for example the following still incomplete [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runyakitara_language| wikipedia article ].<br />
<br />
Here we discuss questions related to the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga texts and sentence collections in TypeCraft. The material is annotated by [[User:Allen| Allen Asiimwe]] who is a lecturer at Makerere University. She is a speaker of Rukiga. In addition [[User:Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]] and [[User:Misah Natumanya|Misah Natumanya]] both graduate students at the Linguistic Department at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology [http://www.ntnu.no NTNU] annotate. <br />
==Annotating in TypeCraft==<br />
The following example shows three tiers of a TypeCraft annotation. The TCEditor allows the annotations on 6 tiers, a free translation tier, a morph tier, a baseform tier, a meaning tier, a gloss tier and a part-of-speech tier. When interlinear glosses (IG) are exported from TypeCraft the meaning and the gloss tier are collapsed for presentational reasons. You need to have a login to TypeCraft in order to annotate. Go to *login* in the upper right corner of your browser window to request a login to TypeCraft.<br />
<br />
(1)<Phrase>9467</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
====Annotating the Participle form of the verb====<br />
<br />
The participle form of the verb is indicated by the morpheme '''-riku-'''.<br />
Although this morpheme is complex, it should not be split into -ri- and -ku- in this case, since it <br />
is the combination of these two morphemes that marks the participle as such.<br />
--[[User:Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]] 11:13, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<Phrase>18220</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
'''Hi Justus,''' I have seen your message about annotating and marking the participle in RR, however i have some reservations about -riku- as a marker:<br />
<br />
1. Does it apply to all participles in RR (I.E PRESENT, PERFECT, 'ALREADY', AND 'NOT YET'? OR Is it an exclusive participle marker in RR?<br />
<br />
2. Could it be that "-ku-" is a mere verb infinitive form used in compound structures, because "Another form of the verb often used in compound verbs is the infinitive" and -ri- is a tense marker. as suggested here; http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/morphology.html<br />
<br />
3.Must we combine two morphemes each with its own independent meaning to mark participle, and in any case what kind of participle?<br />
<br />
4. Do we have enough literature in Bantu languages to support this claim, because if it is indeed true, it should at least have some varriants or at least cognates in lanuages like Rutooro and Runyoro, LUGANDA and maybe Ruhaya<br />
--[[User:Misah Natumanya|natumanyam]] 15:27, 13 October 2011 (UTC)--[[User:Misah Natumanya|natumanyam]] 15:27, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Dear Misah''', <br />
<br />
I have copied your interesting comment from Justus' usepage to this page, hoping that more people see it.<br />
--[[User:Dorothee Beermann|Dorothee Beermann]] 16:09, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Dear all''',<br />
<br />
This is an interesting discussion. Yesterday, Justus<br />
sent me a mail about participles. He wanted to check whether there is a <br />
morphological boundary between "-riku-" in the word "arikuhika".<br />
<br />
I decomposed it as a - ri - ku - hik - a (for subject pronoun, linking<br />
verb, infinitive form, root and mood respectively). The linking verb<br />
occurs in the following patterns, as examples:<br />
<br />
(1) tarikuzayo "He/she will not go there". The morphs are ti - a -ri - ku<br />
- z- a -yo (negative, subject pronoun, linking verb, infinitive, root,<br />
mood, enclitic). There is progressive assimilation between ti- and -a-.<br />
(2) Turi omu nju "We are in the house". The morphs are Tu -ri o - mu n-ju<br />
(Subject pronoun, linking verb; preprefix, locative marker; class prefix,<br />
root respectively).<br />
<br />
I am trying to show that the -ri- in "arikuhika" is the same in as the one<br />
in (1) and (2) above. The only exception is that when it is associated<br />
with a verb it is compounded with it. For other words (e.g. nouns and<br />
prepositions), it is written separately as in (2) above.<br />
<br />
Therefore, there is a morphological boundary between -riku- in<br />
"arikuhika". <br />
<br />
Thanks for letting me join the discussion.<br />
<br />
Kind regards,<br />
<br />
Celestino Oriikiriza<br />
<br />
<br />
Dear all,<br />
<br />
I would like to draw attention to Taylor's book where he states on page 167 that '''for the participial present continuous: "the tense/aspect is marked by the infix -riku- replacing the indicative prefix ni-/n-" '''. <br />
<br />
Justus and I have been going back from using Taylor by annotation ''riku'' as one morpheme, and decomposing the morpheme into<br />
''ri'' and ''ku'' as has been suggested above.<br />
<br />
--[[User:Dorothee Beermann|Dorothee Beermann]] 16:01, 16 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
'''The Participle in Runyankore-Rukiga'''<br />
Thank you Justus for starting this interesting debate; Misah, Celestino and Dorothee, thak you for your contributions. First I would like to understand whether participle forms mark mood or tense or both. However, are my submissions on the topic: <br />
1. -riku- is a present participle marker as well as the 'not-yet' only in the negative form: <br />
2. In complex sentences, it is carried by the subordinate clause.<br />
3. -riku- may not be decomposed further, since -ri- on its own and -ku- on alone have different meanings. I would not mark -ri- in participle verb as a linking 'verb', since the reading of 'linking' is not presented. In addition we should note that we cannot replace for instance -ri- with another morph and get a meaningful string of morphs, which shows that the two segments are morphologically inseparable(save for some sub-dialects of Runyankore where -ri- is deleted in speech).<br />
4. In Rukiga, some speakers mark the present pariticiple with -ra-<br />
<br />
Question:<br />
Does -riku- always mark present participle?<br />
<br />
-riku- is also a relative marker in adjectival phrases:<br />
(I will link examples later, at the moment I am not able)<br />
<br />
--[[User:Allen Asiimwe|Allen Asiimwe]]--<br />
<br />
<br />
Thank you Justus<br />
====The free morphemes ''aha'' and ''omu''====<br />
The free forms ''aha'' and ''omu'' are derived from the locative classes ''ha-'' and ''mu-'' via the affixation of an initial vowel. Both<br />
forms may occur as part of a locative expression, as determiners or as pronouns. In the example below ''aha'' is categorised as a preposition. On of the projects the Runyankore-Rukiga group is working on is to develop a better understanding of the role that both elements play in the grammar of Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
The following two phrases taken from the TC-database represent one of the interesting phenomena that we came across while annotating Runyankore-Rukiga:<br />
(1)<Phrase>2564</Phrase><br />
<br />
In (1) the verb ''kugamba'' meaning ''speak'' carries the applicative suffix -ir. Interestingly it seems to be the applicative marker that forces a spatial interpretation of ''aha'', since (2) below is ambiguous between a 'spatial interpretation' and a 'topic interpretation' of the prepositional phrase headed by ''aha'':<br />
(3)<Phrase>2563</Phrase><br />
<br />
other examples of the use of aha and omu<br />
<Phrase>9557</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9562</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9732</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>10898</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
==== Is there a preposition 'of' in Runyankore-Rukiga?====<br />
<br />
The following sentences taken from the TC database have in common that they contain a phrase that is translated using the English preposition ''of''. The corresponding element in RR is sometimes a free, sometimes a bound morpheme. <br />
<br />
Its forms are: ''we'',''gwe'', ''bw'', ''rwa'', ''ka'', ''za'', ''bwa'', ''ya''. <br />
<br />
Following Taylor (1985) -a is the possessive marker while the variation derives from agreement. Should we call this formative a preposition? <br />
<Phrase>1962</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>2255</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>1950</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>1947</Phrase><br />
<br />
====Diverging noun class systems for Runyankore-Rukiga====<br />
Morris.H.F. and B.F.R. Kirwan(1972) and Taylor, C. (1985) [[Bantu Bibliography| see Bantu Bibliography]] feature two different noun class systems. <br />
{| style="float:left;" border="1" cellpadding="1" <br />
|+'''Table: Noun class systems Runyankore-Rukiga '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|'''noun class'''<br />
|'''Morris & Kirwan'''<br />
|'''Taylor'''<br />
|'''Suggested system'''<br />
|'''English translation'''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|1<br />
|mu-(omuntu)<br />
|Omu (omukazi)<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-ntu<br />
|person<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|ba- (abantu)<br />
|aba (abakazi)<br />
|(a)-'''ba'''-ntu<br />
|people<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|(e)-'''ki'''-ntu<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-ti<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-twe<br />
|head<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|bi-(ebintu)<br />
|emi (emiti)<br />
|(e)-mi-twe<br />
|heads<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|n- (ente)<br />
|eri (eriino)<br />
|(e)-ri-isho/(e)-i-baare<br />
|eye/stone<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|n- (ente)<br />
|ama (amaino)<br />
|(a)-ma-isho/(a)-ma-baare<br />
|eyes/stones<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|ku- (okutu)<br />
|eki (ekitabo)<br />
|(e)-ki-ntu<br />
|thing<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|ma-(amatu)<br />
|ebi (ebitabo)<br />
|(e)-bi-ntu<br />
|things<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|bu- (obuta)<br />
|en (eka)<br />
|e-n-te<br />
|cow<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|ma- (amata)<br />
|ama (amaka)<br />
|(e)-n-te<br />
|cows<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|ri- (eriino)<br />
|oru (orura)<br />
|(o)-ru-hu<br />
|skin<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|ma- (amaino)<br />
|ama (amara)<br />
|(a)-ka-ti<br />
|small stick<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|ru- (orushozi)<br />
|oru (orushozi) orukuuto<br />
|(o)-tu-ti<br />
|small sticks<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|n- (enshozi)<br />
|en (enshozi)/enkuuto<br />
|(o)-bu-ro<br />
|millet<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|ka- (akantu)<br />
|oru (orushaza)<br />
|(o)-ku-guru<br />
|leg<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|bu- (obuntu)<br />
|obu(obushaza)<br />
|(a)-ha-()<br />
|here (definate place)<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|tu- (oturo)<br />
|aka (akagiiko)<br />
|()-ku-nu<br />
|here (wider area than -ha-)<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|ha- (ahantu)<br />
|obu (obugiiko)<br />
|(o)-mu-()<br />
|inside (a place)<br />
|-<br />
|19<br />
|mu-<br />
|aka (akaato)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|20<br />
|ku- <br />
|otu (otwato)<br />
|(o)-gu-bwa<br />
|very big/frigheting dog<br />
|-<br />
|21<br />
|gu- (ogushaija)<br />
|otu (oturo)<br />
|a-ga-bwa<br />
|very big/frigheting dogs<br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Annotating_Runyankore-Rukiga&diff=10064Annotating Runyankore-Rukiga2011-10-16T15:32:20Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>Runyankore-Rukiga refers to two of the four closely related languages of Uganda which form part of a new standardized language of Uganda together with Runyoro and Rutooro. Sometimes Runyakitara is used to refer to the standardized form of these four languages; see for example the following still incomplete [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runyakitara_language| wikipedia article ].<br />
<br />
Here we discuss questions related to the annotation of Runyankore-Rukiga texts and sentence collections in TypeCraft. The material is annotated by [[User:Allen| Allen Asiimwe]] who is a lecturer at Makerere University. She is a speaker of Rukiga. In addition [[User:Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]] and [[User:Misah Natumanya|Misah Natumanya]] both graduate students at the Linguistic Department at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology [http://www.ntnu.no NTNU] annotate. <br />
==Annotating in TypeCraft==<br />
The following example shows three tiers of a TypeCraft annotation. The TCEditor allows the annotations on 6 tiers, a free translation tier, a morph tier, a baseform tier, a meaning tier, a gloss tier and a part-of-speech tier. When interlinear glosses (IG) are exported from TypeCraft the meaning and the gloss tier are collapsed for presentational reasons. You need to have a login to TypeCraft in order to annotate. Go to *login* in the upper right corner of your browser window to request a login to TypeCraft.<br />
<br />
(1)<Phrase>9467</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
===Annotating the Participle form of the verb===<br />
<br />
The participle form of the verb is indicated by the morpheme '''-riku-'''.<br />
Although this morpheme is complex, it should not be split into -ri- and -ku- in this case, since it <br />
is the combination of these two morphemes that marks the participle as such.<br />
--[[User:Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]] 11:13, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<Phrase>18220</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
Hi Justus, I have seen your message about annotating and marking the participle in RR, however i have some reservations about -riku- as a marker:<br />
<br />
1. Does it apply to all participles in RR (I.E PRESENT, PERFECT, 'ALREADY', AND 'NOT YET'? OR Is it an exclusive participle marker in RR?<br />
<br />
2. Could it be that "-ku-" is a mere verb infinitive form used in compound structures, because "Another form of the verb often used in compound verbs is the infinitive" and -ri- is a tense marker. as suggested here; http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/morphology.html<br />
<br />
3.Must we combine two morphemes each with its own independent meaning to mark participle, and in any case what kind of participle?<br />
<br />
4. Do we have enough literature in Bantu languages to support this claim, because if it is indeed true, it should at least have some varriants or at least cognates in lanuages like Rutooro and Runyoro, LUGANDA and maybe Ruhaya<br />
--[[User:Misah Natumanya|natumanyam]] 15:27, 13 October 2011 (UTC)--[[User:Misah Natumanya|natumanyam]] 15:27, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
Dear Misah, <br />
<br />
I have copied your interesting comment from Justus' usepage to this page, hoping that more people see it.<br />
--[[User:Dorothee Beermann|Dorothee Beermann]] 16:09, 13 October 2011 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==The free morphemes ''aha'' and ''omu''==<br />
The free forms ''aha'' and ''omu'' are derived from the locative classes ''ha-'' and ''mu-'' via the affixation of an initial vowel. Both<br />
forms may occur as part of a locative expression, as determiners or as pronouns. In the example below ''aha'' is categorised as a preposition. On of the projects the Runyankore-Rukiga group is working on is to develop a better understanding of the role that both elements play in the grammar of Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
<br />
The following two phrases taken from the TC-database represent one of the interesting phenomena that we came across while annotating Runyankore-Rukiga:<br />
(1)<Phrase>2564</Phrase><br />
<br />
In (1) the verb ''kugamba'' meaning ''speak'' carries the applicative suffix -ir. Interestingly it seems to be the applicative marker that forces a spatial interpretation of ''aha'', since (2) below is ambiguous between a 'spatial interpretation' and a 'topic interpretation' of the prepositional phrase headed by ''aha'':<br />
(3)<Phrase>2563</Phrase><br />
<br />
other examples of the use of aha and omu<br />
<Phrase>9557</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9562</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9732</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>10898</Phrase><br />
<br />
<br />
== Is there a preposition 'of' in Runyankore-Rukiga?==<br />
<br />
The following sentences taken from the TC database have in common that they contain a phrase that is translated using the English preposition ''of''. The corresponding element in RR is sometimes a free, sometimes a bound morpheme. <br />
<br />
Its forms are: ''we'',''gwe'', ''bw'', ''rwa'', ''ka'', ''za'', ''bwa'', ''ya''. <br />
<br />
Following Taylor (1985) -a is the possessive marker while the variation derives from agreement. Should we call this formative a preposition? <br />
<Phrase>1962</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>2255</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>1950</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>1947</Phrase><br />
<br />
==Diverging noun class systems for Runyankore-Rukiga== <br />
Morris.H.F. and B.F.R. Kirwan(1972) and Taylor, C. (1985) [[Bantu Bibliography| see Bantu Bibliography]] feature two different noun class systems. <br />
{| style="float:left;" border="1" cellpadding="1" <br />
|+'''Table: Noun class systems Runyankore-Rukiga '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|'''noun class'''<br />
|'''Morris & Kirwan'''<br />
|'''Taylor'''<br />
|'''Suggested system'''<br />
|'''English translation'''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|1<br />
|mu-(omuntu)<br />
|Omu (omukazi)<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-ntu<br />
|person<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|ba- (abantu)<br />
|aba (abakazi)<br />
|(a)-'''ba'''-ntu<br />
|people<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|(e)-'''ki'''-ntu<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-ti<br />
|(o)-'''mu'''-twe<br />
|head<br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|bi-(ebintu)<br />
|emi (emiti)<br />
|(e)-mi-twe<br />
|heads<br />
|-<br />
|5<br />
|n- (ente)<br />
|eri (eriino)<br />
|(e)-ri-isho/(e)-i-baare<br />
|eye/stone<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|n- (ente)<br />
|ama (amaino)<br />
|(a)-ma-isho/(a)-ma-baare<br />
|eyes/stones<br />
|-<br />
|7<br />
|ku- (okutu)<br />
|eki (ekitabo)<br />
|(e)-ki-ntu<br />
|thing<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|ma-(amatu)<br />
|ebi (ebitabo)<br />
|(e)-bi-ntu<br />
|things<br />
|-<br />
|9<br />
|bu- (obuta)<br />
|en (eka)<br />
|e-n-te<br />
|cow<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|ma- (amata)<br />
|ama (amaka)<br />
|(e)-n-te<br />
|cows<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|ri- (eriino)<br />
|oru (orura)<br />
|(o)-ru-hu<br />
|skin<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|ma- (amaino)<br />
|ama (amara)<br />
|(a)-ka-ti<br />
|small stick<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|ru- (orushozi)<br />
|oru (orushozi) orukuuto<br />
|(o)-tu-ti<br />
|small sticks<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|n- (enshozi)<br />
|en (enshozi)/enkuuto<br />
|(o)-bu-ro<br />
|millet<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|ka- (akantu)<br />
|oru (orushaza)<br />
|(o)-ku-guru<br />
|leg<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|bu- (obuntu)<br />
|obu(obushaza)<br />
|(a)-ha-()<br />
|here (definate place)<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|tu- (oturo)<br />
|aka (akagiiko)<br />
|()-ku-nu<br />
|here (wider area than -ha-)<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|ha- (ahantu)<br />
|obu (obugiiko)<br />
|(o)-mu-()<br />
|inside (a place)<br />
|-<br />
|19<br />
|mu-<br />
|aka (akaato)<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|20<br />
|ku- <br />
|otu (otwato)<br />
|(o)-gu-bwa<br />
|very big/frigheting dog<br />
|-<br />
|21<br />
|gu- (ogushaija)<br />
|otu (oturo)<br />
|a-ga-bwa<br />
|very big/frigheting dogs<br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Typological_Features_Template_for_Runyankore_Rukiga&diff=9873Typological Features Template for Runyankore Rukiga2011-09-21T06:37:02Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>by '''[[User:Allen Asiimwe|Allen Asiimwe]]<br />
and<br />
[[User: Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]]<br />
<br />
'''<span style="color:red">THIS PAGE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION</span>'''<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="20%"|'''Feature'''<br />
|width="80%"|'''Description'''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|'''Phonological Features'''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Vowel inventory<br />
| Runyankore-Rukiga has a typical five-vowel system. That is /i u e a o u/. any of these vowels can be short or long. Vowels /i/ and /u/, are high, /e/ and /o/ are middle vowels, /a/ is the low vowel, /i/ and /e/ are front vowels while /u/ and /o/ are the back vowels.<br />
vowels /a e o/ appear in word initial positions, while the high vowel /i/ rarely does and /u/ does not.<br />
Runyankore-Rukiga also has a number of diphthongs,they include /ai ei oi ia/ illustrated in the following examples: <br />
/ei/: /eizooba/ 'sun', /eishomero/ 'school', /eirwariro/ 'hospital' <br />
/ai/: /omuʃaiʒa/ 'man', /kuhaisa/ 'to have food ready', /owaitu/ 'at our home'<br />
/oi/: /okuboigora/ 'to bark', /okutoiʒa/ 'to give offerings in church', /okwetomboita/ 'to grumble' <br />
/ia/: /okunia/ 'to defecate', /kuniagiira/ 'to make funny noise'.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|Vowel harmony<br />
| Runyankore-Rukiga does not make use of the ATR feature. Runyankore-Rukiga employs height and back-front and rounding harmony, though the rounding feature cannot occur exclusively.<br />
In Runyankore-Rukiga, with its five-vowel system, we find the following vowel combinations in verb roots: /a/ comes after any vowel, therefore, CiCa, CeCa, CoCa, CuCa, CaCa are all possible. However, after /a/ only non-mid vowels are allowed. /e/ can come after /e/ and /o/, an asymmetrical distribution is found for /o/ and /u/: The mid back round vowel /o/ comes only after /o/, and /u/ comes after /e/, /i/, /a/, and /u/. There are no restrictions of co-occurrence among non-mid vowels.<br />
<br />
In Runyankore-Rukiga verbs, CeCe,CoCo, CoCe are found, but CeCo is not, instead, CeCo, CeCu are abundant. One would wonder how CeCu is possible since the two vowels /e/ and /u/ do not share any feature in common, thus the high vowel /u/ to come after a mid vowel /e/ looks peculiar but is common. For example: /ku-cencur-a/ 'to sieve', /ku-tebuk-a/ 'to lose hope', /ku-ʃerur-a/ 'to search'. Moreover, a vowel occupying the initial syllable position of a verb root can spread throughout the root, e.g. /o-ku-eʃerek-a/ 'to hide (oneself)', /o-ku-ebember-a/ 'to lead', /ku-ʃobooror-a/ 'to explain' etc. Note however, that this spreading can be blocked by /a/. The final vowel does not affect the vowel harmony process in any way. It is used to form open syllables, a phonological characteristic of many Bantu languages.<br />
In verbal affixes, the first vowel is either /i/ or /e/. This is dependent on the shape of the penultimate vowel in the verb root: if it is /a/, /i/, or /u,/ the suffix will begin with /i/. /e/ and /o/ will lead the vowel to be /e/; since they are both mid vowels they will require a mid vowel to follow. The harmonizing feature in verb suffixation is height. Examples:<br />
o-ku-tera =o-ku-teresa 'to beat/draw with'<br />
o-ku-ʃara =o-ku-ʃarisa 'to cut with'<br />
o-kutemba =o-ku-tembesa 'to cause to climb'<br />
Not all verb suffixes are subject to vowel harmony. The perfective suffix /-ire/ fails to undergo any type of vowel harmony. This is an idiosyncratic fact: /aɟenzire/ 's/he went', /ateebire/ 's/he scored', /aʃomire/ 's/he read'.<br />
<br />
In nouns, vowel harmony is regressive since the vowel in the noun class prefix determines the quality of the preceding initial vowel while in the case of suffixation in verbs it is progressive because the harmonizing feature spreads from the verb root to the verb suffix.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|Consonant inventory<br />
| The consonantal sounds of Runyankore-Rukiga are /p b t d k g f v s ts ky ɟ ɲ ʃ z c ʒ h m n w j ɾ r l/. The affricate /ts/ and the trill /r/ are only found in Runyankore. The flap /ɾ/ is not presented orthographically, although it is pronounced in Runyankore dialect. /ts/ is also found in Runyankore dialect specifically among the Bahima, a section of Banyankore. /l/ on the other hand is only heard in some few words in the dialect of Rukiga, e.g. /amakala/ 'charcoal'. Note however, that in writing <r> is written instead of <l>. <br />
|-<br />
|Tone<br />
|Runyankore-Rukiga is a tonal language, with three kinds of tone: high, low, and falling. Minimal pairs differing only in tone can be found. Examples:<br />
èndà 'stomach, belly' <br />
éndà 'lice'<br />
<br />
ènkômbè 'dove'<br />
ènkómbè 'thick millet porriedge'<br />
ènkòmbè 'a protruding forehead'<br />
àmàʒù 'houses'<br />
àmáʒù 'knees'<br />
<br />
Note that a single word may be assigned different tones in different environments: some words in isolation or in clause final position have a different tone pattern from when they are in other positions in the clause.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|Syllable Structure<br />
|The syllable of Runyankore-Rukiga takes the following structures: V, CV, CVV, CCV, CCCV, CCCCV and CCCCVV.<br />
|-<br />
|'''Morpho-syntactic Features'''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|general morphological classification <br />
|Runyankore-Rukiga is an agglutinating language, characterized by a complex verbal system, with prefixes an suffixes.<br />
|-<br />
|'''Nominal Phrases'''<br />
|In general the nominal head precedes the nominal modifiers and determiners. However, in some circumstances, the determiner as well as a quantifier may precede the noun it modifies, as exemplified below: <br />
<Phrase>12856</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>12857</Phrase><br />
|-<br />
|structural template <br />
|<br />
{|boarder="1"cellpadding="1"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="2%"|<span style="color:green">(determiner|quantifier)</span><br />
|width="2%"|'''<span style="color:red">NOUN </span>'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''demonstrative'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''adjective+'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''quantifier'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''deverbal adjective'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''relative clause'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''emphatic particle'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|-<br />
|nominal modification<br />
| appositives.<br />
nominal specification<br />
deixis is marked by proximal, medial and distal.Deixis or reference is represented by affixes which vary depending on the noun class. The language also has demonstratives, numerals, quantifiers and determiners. The definite determiners are expressed by the initial vowel while the indefinite determiners are not marked. <br />
|-<br />
|possession<br />
|It is expressed by affixes which vary according to the noun class prefix. therefore the possessives are comprised of the class prefix and the possessive marker. <br />
|-<br />
|pronominal system<br />
| The language has free pronoun forms e.g emphatics, relative pronouns and self standing pronouns such as nyowe, itwe, iwe, imwe, we, bo and many more, which vary according to the noun class. The language also has bound pronouns which are expressed as object prefixes as well as subject prefixes. All these are marked for number<br />
|-<br />
|'''Verbal Phrases'''<br />
|In the following fields serve for the description of some of the basic morpho-syntactic properties of verbal constituents<br />
|-<br />
|word order<br />
|Runyankore-Rukiga, like all other Bantu languages, the basic word order is SVO, however, it exhibits flexibility. Grammatical subjects can be extraposed, demoted or dropped, while the object can be left dislocated or promoted. <br />
|-<br />
|TAM <br />
|Tense and aspect are morphologically marked. All tenses are marked apart from the habitual tense. Tense/aspect markers can either precede or follow the verb root, and they are not necessarily distinct. For Instance -ire marks the yesterday tense and the perfective aspect e.g. n-zin-ire (I danced (yesterday)). -ire also marks the stative aspect e.g. n-dwa-ire (I am sick).<br />
|-<br />
|infinitival forms<br />
|The infinitive marker is -ku-. Follow this link for examples: http://www.typecraft.org/TCEditor/1069/. Also note that certain verbs in their infinitive form render themselves as nouns. Examples: okuramusya= Greetings, Okukunda= love. It is also important to observe that though sometimes verbs in their infinitive forms begin with an initial vowel o-, it is not part of the form, since its presence or absence does not affect the infinitival form of the verb.<br />
|-<br />
|verbal constructions<br />
| Runyankore-Rukiga has ditransitive constructions, whereby the recipient and theme arguments can be rendered both as direct objects, without one being prepositional. <br />
<Phrase>14133</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>14134</Phrase><br />
<br />
There are also some verbs which can morphologically be rendered ditransitives, e.g. when an applicative suffix is added, exemplified using the verb okugura 'to buy' below:<br />
<Phrase>14137</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>14138</Phrase><br />
|-<br />
|'''Adpositions'''<br />
|Runyankore-Rukiga has several prepositions, among them are omu and aha, derived from the locative noun classes of -ha- 16, and -mu- 17 respectively. Omu and aha though categorized as prepostions, exhibit distinct features, from other prepositions e.g. wa, ya, etc which are rendered as 'of' in English. Omu and aha would be classified as spatial nouns as exemplifed in the following examples: <br />
<Phrase>9557</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9562</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9732</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>10898</Phrase><br />
<br />
for more on prepositions, follow this link http://typecraft.org/tc2wiki/Annotating_Runyankore-Rukiga#Is_there_a_preposition__.27of.27_in_Runyankore-Rukiga.3F<br />
|-<br />
|'''Complementation'''<br />
| Complementizers in Runyankore-Rukiga are ku, and ngu which can be used interchangeably. In the sentence below, 'ngu' can replace 'ku' and the semantics of the sentence is not altered. However, in other constructions, 'ngu' is used as a subordinating conjunction, also exemplified below. <br />
<Phrase>12902</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>12903</Phrase><br />
There are other ways of complemantation in Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
|-<br />
|'''Special Properties of [your language]<br />
| In this field you should mention properties of [your language] which did not fit into any of the other categories mentioned in this template<br />
|-<br />
|'''Short Bibliography<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|}<br />
[[Link title]]<br />
[[[[Link title]]]]</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Typological_Features_Template_for_Runyankore_Rukiga&diff=9872Typological Features Template for Runyankore Rukiga2011-09-21T06:16:07Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>by '''[[User:Allen Asiimwe|Allen Asiimwe]]<br />
and<br />
[[User: Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]]<br />
<br />
'''<span style="color:red">THIS PAGE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION</span>'''<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="20%"|'''Feature'''<br />
|width="80%"|'''Description'''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|'''Phonological Features'''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Vowel inventory<br />
| Runyankore-Rukiga has a typical five-vowel system. That is /i u e a o u/. any of these vowels can be short or long. Vowels /i/ and /u/, are high, /e/ and /o/ are middle vowels, /a/ is the low vowel, /i/ and /e/ are front vowels while /u/ and /o/ are the back vowels.<br />
vowels /a e o/ appear in word initial positions, while the high vowel /i/ rarely does and /u/ does not.<br />
Runyankore-Rukiga also has a number of diphthongs,they include /ai ei oi ia/ illustrated in the following examples: <br />
/ei/: /eizooba/ 'sun', /eishomero/ 'school', /eirwariro/ 'hospital' <br />
/ai/: /omuʃaiʒa/ 'man', /kuhaisa/ 'to have food ready', /owaitu/ 'at our home'<br />
/oi/: /okuboigora/ 'to bark', /okutoiʒa/ 'to give offerings in church', /okwetomboita/ 'to grumble' <br />
/ia/: /okunia/ 'to defecate', /kuniagiira/ 'to make funny noise'.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|Vowel harmony<br />
| Runyankore-Rukiga does not make use of the ATR feature. Runyankore-Rukiga employs height and back-front and rounding harmony, though the rounding feature cannot occur exclusively.<br />
In Runyankore-Rukiga, with its five-vowel system, we find the following vowel combinations in verb roots: /a/ comes after any vowel, therefore, CiCa, CeCa, CoCa, CuCa, CaCa. However, after /a/ only non-mid vowels are allowed. /e/ can come after /e/ and /o/, an asymmetrical distribution is found for /o/ and /u/: The mid back round vowel /o/ comes only after /o/, and /u/ comes after /e/, /i/, /a/, and /u/. There are no restrictions of co-occurrence among non-mid vowels.<br />
<br />
In Runyankore-Rukiga verbs, CeCe,CoCo, CoCe are found, but CeCo is not, instead, CeCo, CeCu are abundant. One would wonder how CeCu is possible since the two vowels /e/ and /u/ do not share any feature in common, thus the high vowel /u/ to come after a mid vowel /e/ looks peculiar but is common. For example: /ku-cencur-a/ 'to sieve', /ku-tebuk-a/ 'to lose hope', /ku-ʃerur-a/ 'to search'. Moreover, a vowel occupying the initial syllable position of a verb root can spread throughout the root, e.g. /o-ku-eʃerek-a/ 'to hide (oneself)', /o-ku-ebember-a/ 'to lead', /ku-ʃobooror-a/ 'to explain' etc. Note however, that this spreading can be blocked by /a/. The final vowel does not affect the vowel harmony process in any way. It is used to form open syllables, a phonological characteristic of many Bantu languages.<br />
In verbal affixes, the first vowel is either /i/ or /e/. This is dependent on the shape of the penultimate vowel in the verb root: if it is /a/, /i/, or /u,/ the suffix will begin with /i/. /e/ and /o/ will lead the vowel to be /e/; since they are both mid vowels they will require a mid vowel to follow. The harmonizing feature in verb suffixation is height. Examples:<br />
o-ku-tera =o-ku-teresa 'to beat/draw with'<br />
o-ku-ʃara =o-ku-ʃarisa 'to cut with'<br />
o-kutemba =o-ku-tembesa 'to cause to climb'<br />
Not all verb suffixes are subject to vowel harmony. The perfective suffix /-ire/ fails to undergo any type of vowel harmony. This is an idiosyncratic fact: /aɟenzire/ 's/he went', /ateebire/ 's/he scored', /aʃomire/ 's/he read'.<br />
<br />
In nouns, vowel harmony is regressive since the vowel in the noun class prefix determines the quality of the preceding initial vowel while in the case of suffixation in verbs it is progressive because the harmonizing feature spreads from the verb root to the verb suffix.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|Consonant inventory<br />
| The consonantal sounds of Runyankore-Rukiga are /p b t d k g f v s ts ky ɟ ɲ ʃ z c ʒ h m n w j ɾ r l/. The affricate /ts/ and the trill /r/ are only found in Runyankore. The flap /ɾ/ is not presented orthographically, although it is pronounced in Runyankore dialect. /ts/ is also found in Runyankore dialect specifically among the Bahima, a section of Banyankore. /l/ on the other hand is only heard in some few words in the dialect of Rukiga, e.g. /amakala/ 'charcoal'. Note however, that in writing <r> is written instead of <l>. <br />
|-<br />
|Tone<br />
|Runyankore-Rukiga is a tonal language, with three kinds of tone: high, low, and falling. Minimal pairs differing only in tone can be found. Examples:<br />
èndà 'stomach, belly' <br />
éndà 'lice'<br />
<br />
ènkômbè 'dove'<br />
ènkómbè 'thick millet porriedge'<br />
ènkòmbè 'a protruding forehead'<br />
àmàʒù 'houses'<br />
àmáʒù 'knees'<br />
<br />
Note that a single word may be assigned different tones in different environments: some words in isolation or in clause final position have a different tone pattern from when they are in other positions in the clause.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|Syllable Structure<br />
|The syllable of Runyankore-Rukiga takes the following structures: V, CV, CVV, CCV, CCCV, CCCCV and CCCCVV.<br />
|-<br />
|'''Morpho-syntactic Features'''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|general morphological classification <br />
|Runyankore-Rukiga is an agglutinating language, characterized by a complex verbal system, with prefixes an suffixes.<br />
|-<br />
|'''Nominal Phrases'''<br />
|In general the nominal head precedes the nominal modifiers and determiners. However, in some circumstances, the determiner as well as a quantifier may precede the noun it modifies, as exemplified below: <br />
<Phrase>12856</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>12857</Phrase><br />
|-<br />
|structural template <br />
|<br />
{|boarder="1"cellpadding="1"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="2%"|<span style="color:green">(determiner|quantifier)</span><br />
|width="2%"|'''<span style="color:red">NOUN </span>'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''demonstrative'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''adjective+'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''quantifier'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''deverbal adjective'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''relative clause'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''emphatic particle'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|-<br />
|nominal modification<br />
| appositives.<br />
nominal specification<br />
deixis is marked by proximal, medial and distal.Deixis or reference is represented by affixes which vary depending on the noun class. The language also has demonstratives, numerals, quantifiers and determiners. The definite determiners are expressed by the initial vowel while the indefinite determiners are not marked. <br />
|-<br />
|possession<br />
|It is expressed by affixes which vary according to the noun class prefix. therefore the possessives are comprised of the class prefix and the possessive marker. <br />
|-<br />
|pronominal system<br />
| The language has free pronoun forms e.g emphatics, relative pronouns and self standing pronouns such as nyowe, itwe, iwe, imwe, we, bo and many more, which vary according to the noun class. The language also has bound pronouns which are expressed as object prefixes as well as subject prefixes. All these are marked for number<br />
|-<br />
|'''Verbal Phrases'''<br />
|In the following fields serve for the description of some of the basic morpho-syntactic properties of verbal constituents<br />
|-<br />
|word order<br />
|Runyankore-Rukiga, like all other Bantu languages, the basic word order is SVO, however, it exhibits flexibility. Grammatical subjects can be extraposed, demoted or dropped, while the object can be left dislocated or promoted. <br />
|-<br />
|TAM <br />
|Tense and aspect are morphologically marked. All tenses are marked apart from the habitual tense. Tense/aspect markers can either precede or follow the verb root, and they are not necessarily distinct. For Instance -ire marks the yesterday tense and the perfective aspect e.g. n-zin-ire (I danced (yesterday)). -ire also marks the stative aspect e.g. n-dwa-ire (I am sick).<br />
|-<br />
|infinitival forms<br />
|The infinitive marker is -ku-. Follow this link for examples: http://www.typecraft.org/TCEditor/1069/. Also note that certain verbs in their infinitive form render themselves as nouns. Examples: okuramusya= Greetings, Okukunda= love. It is also important to observe that though sometimes verbs in their infinitive forms begin with an initial vowel o-, it is not part of the form, since its presence or absence does not affect the infinitival form of the verb.<br />
|-<br />
|verbal constructions<br />
| Runyankore-Rukiga has ditransitive constructions, whereby the recipient and theme arguments can be rendered both as direct objects, without one being prepositional. <br />
<Phrase>14133</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>14134</Phrase><br />
<br />
There are also some verbs which can morphologically be rendered ditransitives, e.g. when an applicative suffix is added, exemplified using the verb okugura 'to buy' below:<br />
<Phrase>14137</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>14138</Phrase><br />
|-<br />
|'''Adpositions'''<br />
|Runyankore-Rukiga has several prepositions, among them are omu and aha, derived from the locative noun classes of -ha- 16, and -mu- 17 respectively. Omu and aha though categorized as prepostions, exhibit distinct features, from other prepositions e.g. wa, ya, etc which are rendered as 'of' in English. Omu and aha would be classified as spatial nouns as exemplifed in the following examples: <br />
<Phrase>9557</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9562</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9732</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>10898</Phrase><br />
<br />
for more on prepositions, follow this link http://typecraft.org/tc2wiki/Annotating_Runyankore-Rukiga#Is_there_a_preposition__.27of.27_in_Runyankore-Rukiga.3F<br />
|-<br />
|'''Complementation'''<br />
| Complementizers in Runyankore-Rukiga are ku, and ngu which can be used interchangeably. In the sentence below, 'ngu' can replace 'ku' and the semantics of the sentence is not altered. However, in other constructions, 'ngu' is used as a subordinating conjunction, also exemplified below. <br />
<Phrase>12902</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>12903</Phrase><br />
There are other ways of complemantation in Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
|-<br />
|'''Special Properties of [your language]<br />
| In this field you should mention properties of [your language] which did not fit into any of the other categories mentioned in this template<br />
|-<br />
|'''Short Bibliography<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|}<br />
[[Link title]]<br />
[[[[Link title]]]]</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Runyankore-Rukiga&diff=9871Runyankore-Rukiga2011-09-21T05:38:40Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox language<br />
|name = Runyankore-Rukiga <br />
|nativename = <br />
|states = Uganda<br />
|region = South-west of Uganda<br />
|speakers = 4.0097 million speakers as per the 2002 Population census<br />
|familycolor = Niger-Congo<br />
|fam2 = <br />
|script = <br />
|nation = <br />
|iso1=<br />
|iso3= nyn<br />
|iso3= cgg <br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Runyankore-Rukiga is represented with several articles on the TC-wiki:<br />
<br />
====[[Typological Features Template for Runyankore Rukiga]]====<br />
Following this link, you find information about the typology of Runyankore-Rukiga<br />
<br />
====[[Agreement in coordinated noun phrases in Runyankore-Rukiga]]====<br />
The squib "Agreement in coordinated phrases" is a short except from Allen's Master's Thesis: Asiimwe, Allen (2007). Morpho-syntactic patterns in Runyankore-Rukiga. Masters thesis, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. Key issues regarding agreement in coordinated noun phrases are discussed.<br />
====[[Annotating Runyankore-Rukiga]]====<br />
Following the title link above you find short discussions of topics relevant to the annotation of Runyankore Rukiga, topics raised are for example how to classify the free morpheme's ''aha'' and ''omu'' and diverging noun class systems for Runyankore Rukiga.<br />
<br />
====[[Locative prepositions in Runyakitara]]====<br />
Locative prepositions in Runyakitara belong to the TypeCraft Category:Squib. If you would like to know more about this Category go to *Research* in your TypeCraft navigation bar. Where you find a list over already existing research projects and topics discussed on the TCwiki.<br />
<br />
====[[Noun Phrases in Runyankore-Rukiga]]====<br />
The squib ''Noun phrases in Runyankore-Rukiga'' reflects ongoing research at the [[Makerere_University_Institute_of_Languages|Institute for Languages at Makerere University]] in Uganda.<br />
<br />
==== [[A comparative analysis of Runyankore-Rukiga and Luganda pronominal agreement]] ====<br />
It is generally stated that in Bantu languages, nouns trigger agreement with all lexical categories. However, in this squib, we present cases in Luganda and Runyankore-Rukiga where the noun may fail to control agreement of other words.<br />
<br />
====[[:Category:Runyankore-Rukiga Corpus]]====</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Typological_Features_Template_for_Runyankore_Rukiga&diff=9851Typological Features Template for Runyankore Rukiga2011-09-16T13:24:35Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>by '''[[User:Allen Asiimwe|Allen Asiimwe]]<br />
and<br />
[[User: Justus Turamyomwe|Justus Turamyomwe]]<br />
<br />
'''<span style="color:red">THIS PAGE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION</span>'''<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="20%"|'''Feature'''<br />
|width="80%"|'''Description'''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|'''Phonological Features'''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|Vowel inventory<br />
| Runyankore-Rukiga has a typical five-vowel system. That is /i u e a o u/. It has two high vowels /i/ and /u/, /e/ and /o/ as middle vowels, /a/ is the low vowel /i/ and /e/ are front vowels while /u/ and /o/ are the back vowels.<br />
While the high vowel /i/ rarely appears in word initial position, /u/ does not, and the low vowel /a/ is always the word final vowel in verbs from which words can be derived. <br />
Runyankore-Rukiga also has a number of diphthongs,they include /ai ei oi ia/ illustrated in the following examples: <br />
/ei/: /eizooba/ 'sun', /eishomero/ 'school', /eirwariro/ 'hospital' <br />
/ai/: /omuʃaiʒa/ 'man', /kuhaisa/ 'to have food ready', /owaitu/ 'at our home'<br />
/oi/: /okuboigora/ 'to bark', /kutoiʒa/ 'to give offerings in church',<br />
/ia/: /okunia/ 'to deficate', /kuniagiira/ 'to make funny noise'.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|Vowel harmony<br />
| Runyankore-Rukiga does not make use of the ATR feature. Runyankore-Rukiga employs height and back-front and rounding harmony, though the rounding feature cannot occur exclusively.<br />
In Runyankore-Rukiga, with its five-vowel system, we find the following vowel combinations in verb roots: /a/ comes after any vowel, therefore, CiCa, CeCa, CoCa, CuCa, CaCa. However, after /a/ only non-mid vowels are allowed. /e/ can come after /e/ and /o/, an asymmetrical distribution is found for /o/ and /u/: The mid back round vowel /o/ comes only after /o/, and /u/ comes after /e/, /i/, /a/, and /u/. There are no restrictions of co-occurrence among non-mid vowels.<br />
<br />
In Runyankore-Rukiga verbs, CeCe,CoCo, CoCe are found, but CeCo is not, instead, CeCo, CeCu are abundant. One would wonder how CeCu is possible since the two vowels /e/ and /u/ do not share any feature in common, thus the high vowel /u/ to come after a mid vowel /e/ looks peculiar but is common. For example: /ku-cencur-a/ 'to sieve', /ku-tebuk-a/ 'to lose hope', /ku-ʃerur-a/ 'to search'. Moreover, a vowel occupying the initial syllable position of a verb root can spread throughout the root, e.g. /o-ku-eʃerek-a/ 'to hide (oneself)', /o-ku-ebember-a/ 'to lead', /ku-ʃobooror-a/ 'to explain' etc. Note however, that this spreading can be blocked by /a/. The final vowel does not affect the vowel harmony process in any way. It is used to form open syllables, a phonological characteristic of many Bantu languages.<br />
In verbal affixes, the first vowel is either /i/ or /e/. This is dependent on the shape of the penultimate vowel in the verb root: if it is /a/, /i/, or /u,/ the suffix will begin with /i/. /e/ and /o/ will lead the vowel to be /e/; since they are both mid vowels they will require a mid vowel to follow. The harmonizing feature in verb suffixation is height. Examples:<br />
o-ku-tera =o-ku-teresa 'to beat/draw with'<br />
o-ku-ʃara =o-ku-ʃarisa 'to cut with'<br />
o-kutemba =o-ku-tembesa 'to cause to climb'<br />
Not all verb suffixes are subject to vowel harmony. The perfective suffix /-ire/ fails to undergo any type of vowel harmony. This is an idiosyncratic fact: /aɟenzire/ 's/he went', /ateebire/ 's/he scored', /aʃomire/ 's/he read'.<br />
<br />
In nouns, vowel harmony is regressive since the vowel in the noun class prefix determines the quality of the preceding initial vowel while in the case of suffixation in verbs it is progressive because the harmonizing feature spreads from the verb root to the verb suffix.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|Consonant inventory<br />
| The consonantal sounds of Runyankore-Rukiga are /p b t d k g f v s ts ky ɟ ɲ ʃ z c ʒ h m n w j ɾ r l/. The affricate /ts/ and the trill /r/ are only found in Runyankore. The flap /ɾ/ is not presented orthographically, although it is pronounced in Runyankore dialect. /ts/ is also found in Runyankore dialect specifically among the Bahima, a section of Banyankore. /l/ on the other hand is only heard in some few words in the dialect of Rukiga, e.g. /amakala/ 'charcoal'. Note however, that in writing <r> is written instead of <l>. <br />
|-<br />
|Tone<br />
|Runyankore-Rukiga is a tonal language, with three kinds of tone: high, low, and falling. Minimal pairs differing only in tone can be found. Examples:<br />
èndà 'stomach, belly' <br />
éndà 'lice'<br />
<br />
ènkômbè 'dove'<br />
ènkómbè 'thick millet porriedge'<br />
ènkòmbè 'a protruding forehead'<br />
àmàʒù 'houses'<br />
àmáʒù 'knees'<br />
<br />
Note that a single word may be assigned different tones in different environments: some words in isolation or in clause final position have a different tone pattern from when they are in other positions in the clause.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|Syllable Structure<br />
|The syllable of Runyankore-Rukiga takes the following structures: V, CV, CVV, CCV, CCCV, CCCCV and CCCCVV.<br />
|-<br />
|'''Morpho-syntactic Features'''<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|general morphological classification <br />
|Runyankore-Rukiga is an agglutinating language, characterized by a complex verbal system, with prefixes an suffixes.<br />
|-<br />
|'''Nominal Phrases'''<br />
|In general the nominal head precedes the nominal modifiers and determiners. However, in some circumstances, the determiner as well as a quantifier may precede the noun it modifies, as exemplified below: <br />
<Phrase>12856</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>12857</Phrase><br />
|-<br />
|structural template <br />
|<br />
{|boarder="1"cellpadding="1"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|width="2%"|<span style="color:green">(determiner|quantifier)</span><br />
|width="2%"|'''<span style="color:red">NOUN </span>'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''demonstrative'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''adjective+'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''quantifier'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''deverbal adjective'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''relative clause'''<br />
|width="2%"|'''emphatic particle'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|-<br />
|nominal modification<br />
| appositives.<br />
nominal specification<br />
deixis is marked by proximal, medial and distal.Deixis or reference is represented by affixes which vary depending on the noun class. The language also has demonstratives, numerals, quantifiers and determiners. The definite determiners are expressed by the initial vowel while the indefinite determiners are not marked. <br />
|-<br />
|possession<br />
|It is expressed by affixes which vary according to the noun class prefix. therefore the possessives are comprised of the class prefix and the possessive marker. <br />
|-<br />
|pronominal system<br />
| The language has free pronoun forms e.g emphatics, relative pronouns and self standing pronouns such as nyowe, itwe, iwe, imwe, we, bo and many more, which vary according to the noun class. The language also has bound pronouns which are expressed as object prefixes as well as subject prefixes. All these are marked for number<br />
|-<br />
|'''Verbal Phrases'''<br />
|In the following fields serve for the description of some of the basic morpho-syntactic properties of verbal constituents<br />
|-<br />
|word order<br />
|Runyankore-Rukiga, like all other Bantu languages, the basic word order is SVO, however, it exhibits flexibility. Grammatical subjects can be extraposed, demoted or dropped, while the object can be left dislocated or promoted. <br />
|-<br />
|TAM <br />
|Tense and aspect are morphologically marked. All tenses are marked apart from the habitual tense. Tense/aspect markers can either precede or follow the verb root, and they are not necessarily distinct. For Instance -ire marks the yesterday tense and the perfective aspect e.g. n-zin-ire (I danced (yesterday)). -ire also marks the stative aspect e.g. n-dwa-ire (I am sick).<br />
|-<br />
|infinitival forms<br />
|The infinitive marker is -ku-. Follow this link for examples: http://www.typecraft.org/TCEditor/1069/. Also note that certain verbs in their infinitive form render themselves as nouns. Examples: okuramusya= Greetings, Okukunda= love. It is also important to observe that though sometimes verbs in their infinitive forms begin with an initial vowel o-, it is not part of the form, since its presence or absence does not affect the infinitival form of the verb.<br />
|-<br />
|verbal constructions<br />
| Runyankore-Rukiga has ditransitive constructions, whereby the recipient and theme arguments can be rendered both as direct objects, without one being prepositional. <br />
<Phrase>14133</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>14134</Phrase><br />
<br />
There are also some verbs which can morphologically be rendered ditransitives, e.g. when an applicative suffix is added, exemplified using the verb okugura 'to buy' below:<br />
<Phrase>14137</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>14138</Phrase><br />
|-<br />
|'''Adpositions'''<br />
|Runyankore-Rukiga has several prepositions, among them are omu and aha, derived from the locative noun classes of -ha- 16, and -mu- 17 respectively. Omu and aha though categorized as prepostions, exhibit distinct features, from other prepositions e.g. wa, ya, etc which are rendered as 'of' in English. Omu and aha would be classified as spatial nouns as exemplifed in the following examples: <br />
<Phrase>9557</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9562</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>9732</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>10898</Phrase><br />
<br />
for more on prepositions, follow this link http://typecraft.org/tc2wiki/Annotating_Runyankore-Rukiga#Is_there_a_preposition__.27of.27_in_Runyankore-Rukiga.3F<br />
|-<br />
|'''Complementation'''<br />
| Complementizers in Runyankore-Rukiga are ku, and ngu which can be used interchangeably. In the sentence below, 'ngu' can replace 'ku' and the semantics of the sentence is not altered. However, in other constructions, 'ngu' is used as a subordinating conjunction, also exemplified below. <br />
<Phrase>12902</Phrase><br />
<Phrase>12903</Phrase><br />
There are other ways of complemantation in Runyankore-Rukiga.<br />
|-<br />
|'''Special Properties of [your language]<br />
| In this field you should mention properties of [your language] which did not fit into any of the other categories mentioned in this template<br />
|-<br />
|'''Short Bibliography<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|}<br />
[[Link title]]<br />
[[[[Link title]]]]</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Corpus:Narrative&diff=9749Corpus:Narrative2011-08-26T14:30:55Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Source|author=|editor=|title=what I do when I wake up|date/place=|volume/pages=|publisher=|translator=[[user: Allen Asiimwe]]|type=fairy tale|annotator=[[Allen Asiimwe]]|contributor=|article=Eiziina ryangye niinye David. Nyine emyaka eshatu. Niinyenda kubagambira ebi ndikukora omuka buriizooba. <br>1. Ku ndikwimuka omu kasheeshe nsiima Ruhanga.<br>2. Niinaaba ahamaisho nyozya n’amaino.<br>3. Nywa kyasya.<br>4. Ku ndikuheza kunywa kyansya, niinyozya ekikopo kyangye. <br>5. Ninza kuhinga n’amukuru wangye.<br>6. Nintorotoora ovakedo. Ninkunda ovakedo.<br>7. Kyamushana nindya ebitakuri n’ebihimba.<br>8. Ku ndikuheza kyamushana ninza aha kyehuubo kyangye.<br>9. Hati ndiyo ninduga omu katare. Nyine oruhagara rw’eminekye<br>10. Ninzaana akapiira. Iwe noozaana akapiira?<br>11. Omu mwabazyo ninshoma ebitabo na maama.<br>12. Munyaanyazi naanaabisa. Obumwe tindikukunda kunaaba amaizi garikufuka. <br>13. Ninzina na mukuru wangye na munyaanyazi.<br>14. Niinywa caai y’omu mwabazyo.<br>15. Erizooba ahari kyakiro twineho akagyenyi kakye: nindya eminekye, omuceeri, akahunga, ovakedo, emboga hamwe n’enyama. Nkuheho?<br>16. Hati naaza kubyama. Kare. <br>}}</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Corpus:Narrative&diff=9748Corpus:Narrative2011-08-26T14:21:52Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: Corpus: Narrative story for kids</p>
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<div>{{Source|author=Magoba David|editor=|title=what I do when I wake up|date/place=|volume/pages=|publisher=|translator=Allen Asiimwe|type=fairy tale|annotator=Allen Asiimwe|contributor=Allen Asiimwe|article=Eiziina ryangye niinye David. Nyine emyaka eshatu. Niinyenda kubagambira ebi ndikukora omuka buriizooba. <br>1. Ku ndikwimuka omu kasheeshe nsiima Ruhanga.<br>2. Niinaaba ahamaisho nyozya n’amaino.<br>3. Nywa kyasya.<br>4. Ku ndikuheza kunywa kyansya, niinyozya ekikopo kyangye. <br>5. Ninza kuhinga n’amukuru wangye.<br>6. Nintorotoora ovakedo. Ninkunda ovakedo.<br>7. Kyamushana nindya ebitakuri n’ebihimba.<br>8. Ku ndikuheza kyamushana ninza aha kyehuubo kyangye.<br>9. Hati ndiyo ninduga omu katare. Nyine oruhagara rw’eminekye<br>10. Ninzaana akapiira. Iwe noozaana akapiira?<br>11. Omu mwabazyo ninshoma ebitabo na maama.<br>12. Munyaanyazi naanaabisa. Obumwe tindikukunda kunaaba amaizi garikufuka. <br>13. Ninzina na mukuru wangye na munyaanyazi.<br>14. Niinywa caai y’omu mwabazyo.<br>15. Erizooba ahari kyakiro twineho akagyenyi kakye: nindya eminekye, omuceeri, akahunga, ovakedo, emboga hamwe n’enyama. Nkuheho?<br>16. Hati naaza kubyama. Kare. <br>}}</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Corpus:Narrative&diff=9747Corpus:Narrative2011-08-26T14:10:21Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
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<div>{{Source|author=Magoba David|editor=|title=what I do when I wake up|date/place=|volume/pages=|publisher=|translator=Allen Asiimwe|type=fairy tale|annotator=Allen Asiimwe|contributor=Allen Asiimwe|article=<br>Eiziina ryangye niinye David. Nyine emyaka eshatu. Niinyenda kubagambira ebi ndikukora omuka buriizooba. <br>1. Ku ndikwimuka omu kasheeshe nsiima Ruhanga.<br>2. Niinaaba ahamaisho nyozya n’amaino.<br>3. Nywa kyasya.<br>4. Ku ndikuheza kunywa kyansya, niinyozya ekikopo kyangye. <br>5. Ninza kuhinga n’amukuru wangye.<br>6. Nintorotoora ovakedo. Ninkunda ovakedo.<br>7. Kyamushana nindya ebitakuri n’ebihimba.<br>8. Ku ndikuheza kyamushana ninza aha kyehuubo kyangye.<br>9. Hati ndiyo ninduga omu katare. Nyine oruhagara rw’eminekye<br>10. Ninzaana akapiira. Iwe noozaana akapiira?<br>11. Omu mwabazyo ninshoma ebitabo na maama.<br>12. Munyaanyazi naanaabisa. Obumwe tindikukunda kunaaba amaizi garikufuka. <br>13. Ninzina na mukuru wangye na munyaanyazi.<br>14. Niinywa caai y’omu mwabazyo.<br>15. Erizooba ahari kyakiro twineho akagyenyi kakye: nindya eminekye, omuceeri, akahunga, ovakedo, emboga hamwe n’enyama. Nkuheho?<br>16. Hati naaza kubyama. Kare. <br>}}</div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=Makerere_Summer_School_of_Linguistics_-_Gallery&diff=9696Makerere Summer School of Linguistics - Gallery2011-08-17T10:54:41Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
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</gallery></div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=File:Summer_sch_makerere_August_2011_053.JPG&diff=9695File:Summer sch makerere August 2011 053.JPG2011-08-17T10:54:14Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
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<div></div>Allen Asiimwehttps://typecraft.org/w/index.php?title=File:Summer_sch_makerere_August_2011_059.JPG&diff=9692File:Summer sch makerere August 2011 059.JPG2011-08-17T10:53:07Z<p>Allen Asiimwe: </p>
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<div></div>Allen Asiimwe